Asymmetric Allocation Research Articles

Influence of asymmetrical location of magnetic impurities on domain walls local deformation

Magnetic ordering in a mixed domain structure composed of a stripe domain and asymmetrically localized magnetic impurity inside the stripe domain was investigated. The analytical expression for domain walls deformation mediated by the influence of the magnetostatic stray field of the asymmetrically localized magnetic impurity was obtained. The calculations were done for the magnetic film with parameters which are typical for films used in magnetic memory. Experimental implementation of the mixed domain structure composed of the stripe domain and asymmetrically localized magnetic impurity inside the stripe domain was done in (BiLu)3(FeGa)5O12 film. Obtained analytical solution for the shape of stripe domain walls distortion is in excellent agreement with the experimental results.

Selling Fast and Buying Slow: Heuristics and Trading Performance of Institutional Investors

Are market experts prone to heuristics, and if so, do they transfer across closely related domains—buying and selling? We investigate this question using a unique dataset of institutional investors with portfolios averaging $573 million. A striking finding emerges: while there is clear evidence of skill in buying, selling decisions underperform substantially—even relative to random selling strategies. This holds despite the similarity between the two decisions in frequency, substance and consequences for performance. Evidence suggests that an asymmetric allocation of cognitive resources such as attention can explain the discrepancy: we document a systematic, costly heuristic process when selling but not when buying.

Maximization of Minimum Rate for Wireless Powered Communication Networks in Interference Channel

We investigate wireless powered communication networks in an interference channel. In this system, due to asymmetric time allocation of the downlink and the uplink among multiple cells, cross-link interference may occur, which significantly affects overall performance. Considering this interference issue, we study a minimum rate maximization problem to overcome a severe imbalance on a rate distribution among users. The minimum rate maximization problem is non-convex; thus we propose an algorithm that updates the time allocation and the users’ transmit power based on the Lagrangian duality method and the Perron–Frobenius theorem, respectively. Simulation results verify that the proposed methods outperform conventional schemes.

Co-opetition under Endogenous Bargaining Power

Motivated by partial vertical integration practices, this paper investigates how a monopoly allocates a key input between the monopoly and his alliance(s) with complementary partner(s) for the delivery of final product or service. The firms' bargaining powers are endogenously impacted by the monopoly's key input allocation and the monopoly and partner(s) have inherently different cost-efficiencies in supplying complementary input. We show that the endogenous bargaining power delivers a fundamental trade-off between a partner's bargaining power and her cost advantage in the monopoly's input allocation decisions. The monopoly may strategically allocate partial key input internally for his own product/service delivery even when the monopoly's and the alliance(s)' products/services are perfect substitutes and the monopoly has a cost disadvantage. In a single partner setting, the firms' equilibrium input allocations are independent of their complementary input costs. Surprisingly, in a two-partner setting, the monopoly may allocate more key input internally for his own delivery of the final product or service as he becomes less cost-efficient; and symmetric allocation for cost-asymmetric partners and asymmetric allocation for cost-symmetric partners may exist. Our main insights extend to settings with alternative timelines, a general channel profit function, alternative bargaining power functions, and alternative outside options. Our study provides a strategic perspective for the coexistence of both cooperative and competing relationships between the monopoly and the partner(s).

Blind Interference Alignment for the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$</tex-math> </inline-formula>-User MISO BC Under Limited Symbol Extension

In this paper, we study the achievable degrees of freedom (DoFs) for $K$ -user multiple-input single-output broadcast channel (BC) in the absence of channel state information at the transmitter under the finite channel coherent time. For the considered $K$ -user BC, a transmitter is equipped with multiple conventional antennas, and receivers are equipped with a reconfigurable antenna that is capable of dynamically modifying the receiving beam radiation pattern. In this system, we propose a blind interference alignment scheme that is able to allocate an asymmetric number of information symbols to each user, which is essentially required to improve DoFs under limited symbol extension. A generalized systematic construction method of transmit beamforming vectors and receiving mode selection patterns to deal with such asymmetric allocation is established. As a consequence, for a broad class of network configurations and symbol extension constraints, the proposed scheme attains an improved sum DoF compared to the previous works, allowing only for the same number of information symbols for all users.

Interim MRI Provides Accurate Information of Brachytherapy for Patients with Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer

To investigate the impact of interim MRI on outcome of cervical cancer patients treated with radical radiotherapy including series of high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy (BT). We retrospectively analyzed consecutive 146 patients with locally advanced cervical cancer treated with radical radiotherapy between December 2009 and September 2015. The median dose of pelvic irradiation was 30.6 Gy (range, 30.6-39.6 Gy); further treatment used 10.8-19.8 Gy with a midline block. For all pts, the tumor size and location was diagnosed by interim MRI within 7 days before first HDR-BT. The standard intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) was principally administered for patients with 4 cm or smaller mass and symmetrical location on interim MRI. The selection criteria of individualized BT, which included interstitial brachytherapy (IBT), hybrid brachytherapy (HBT) and dose escalating ICBT to the high risk (HR) CTV D90, was diagnosed with interim MRI, namely 1) the width larger than 4 cm and asymmetrical tumor location, 2) the tumor with a vaginal invasion thicker than 5mm and 3) the bulky barrel shaped tumor. In case of ICBT, dose of 20-24 Gy/4 fractions were prescribed to point A or HRCTV D90. And in case of IBT, the dose of 24-30 Gy/4-5 fractions/2-3 days were prescribed to HRCTV D90. The patient characteristics were followings, median age was 57 years old (range 27-80 years old). Six pts were in FIGO stage Ib2, 67 in II, 64 in III and 9 in IVA. A total of 124 pts had squamous cell carcinoma, and 22 had adenosquamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma. Median tumor size measured by initial pretreatment MRI was 52 mm (range 17-132 mm). At the time of initial pretreatment, 19 pts had severe vaginal invasion, 21 had asymmetrical tumor and 39 had corpus invasion. Median tumor size measured by interim MRI was 30 mm (range 0-78 mm). Finally, 119 pts were treated with standard ICT, 8 with dose escalated ICT, 4 with HBT and 15 with IBT. Median follow up period was 37.6 months (range 2.5-84.5 months). Complete response was obtained 139 pts (95.2%). Three-year overall survival (OS), disease free survival, local control (LC) and distant metastasis free survival were 84.2%, 75.6%, 90.1% and 81.8%, respectively. The grade 2 or 3 late rectal complications were recorded in 6 pts (4.2%). On univariate and multivariate analysis, there was no significant difference between LC and tumor characteristics such as large tumor, tumor with severe vaginal invasion, asymmetrical tumor and tumor with corpus invasion. On multivariate analysis, small tumor and local control after radiotherapy were significantly related to excellent OS (p=0.001 and <0.001, respectively). Interim MRI provides accurate radiological information to select appropriate brachytherapy method individually for patients with locally advanced cervical cancer and leads to excellent LC and OS.

Search Advertising: Budget Allocation Across Search Engines

We investigate advertisers’ budgeting and bidding strategies across multiple platforms; we find that symmetric advertisers may pursue asymmetric budget allocation strategies.

Monetary Policy: An Exclusive Competence Only in Name?

Monetary policy for those Members whose currency is the Euro is one of European Union's few formally exclusive competences. Yet despite formal allocation of monetary policy competence to the Union, this chapter argues that the practice of monetary policy decision-making reflects the EU's nation-state structure. It tells us one side of the story about the balance of power for the conduct of monetary policy. If exclusive competence at bottom means that member states have no say in devising policy, then monetary policy, is not at present a genuinely exclusive competence. Instead, the chapter contends that monetary policy is an exclusive competence of the EU in name only. At the very least, the position is more nuanced than the label of exclusive competence suggests. The first section compares competence for monetary policy with related areas, specifically economic policy, and closely connected thereto, education, health, labour and social policy. It also briefly discussed how the Eurozone crisis has affected the vertical balance of responsibilities between the EU and its member states in these areas. The second section examines the asymmetric allocation of competence for economic and monetary policy, and the fuzzy boundary between the two, through the prism of the two key Eurozone crisis cases before the CJEU, Pringle and Gauweiler. The third section examines why, contrary to first appearances, the EU does not at present have a genuine exclusive competence for monetary policy.

Turning into frogs: Asymmetry in forelimb emergence and escape direction in metamorphosing anurans

ABSTRACTThere is considerable debate about the pattern and origin of laterality in forelimb emergence and turning behaviour within amphibians, with the latter being poorly investigated in tadpoles around metamorphic climax. Using 6 species of metamorphosing anurans, we investigated the effect of asymmetrical spiracle location, and disturbance at the time of forelimb emergence, on the pattern of forelimb emergence. Turning behaviour was observed to assess whether motor lateralization occurred in non-neobatrachian anurans and was linked to patterns of forelimb emergence. Biases in forelimb emergence differed among species, supporting the hypothesis that asymmetrical spiracle position results in the same asymmetry in forelimb emergence. However, this pattern only occurred when individuals were undisturbed. Therefore, context at the time of the emergence of the forelimbs may be important, and might explain some discrepancies in the literature. Turning biases, unconnected to forelimb emergence, were found in Pipidae and Bombinatoridae, confirming the basal origin of lateralized behaviour among anurans. Turning direction in our metamorphs differed from the leftward bias commonly observed in tadpoles, but may be analogous to the prevalent right-“handedness” among adult anurans. Therefore, the transitions occurring during metamorphosis may affect lateralized behaviour and metamorphosis may be fruitful for understanding the development of lateralization.

Workload-Aware Optimal Power Allocation on Single-Chip Heterogeneous Processors

As technology scales below 32 nm, manufacturers began to integrate both CPU and GPU cores in a single chip, i.e., single-chip heterogeneous processor (SCHP), to improve the throughput of emerging applications. In SCHPs, the CPU and the GPU share the total chip power budget while satisfying their own power constraints, respectively. Consequently, to maximize the overall throughput and/or power efficiency, both power budget and workload should be judiciously allocated to the CPU and the GPU. In this paper, we first demonstrate that optimal allocation of power budget and workload to the CPU and the GPU can provide 13 percent higher throughput than the optimal allocation of workload alone for a single-program workload scenario. Second, we also demonstrate that asymmetric power allocation considering per-program characteristics for a multi-programmed workload scenario can provide 9 percent higher throughput or 24 percent higher power efficiency than the even power allocation per program depending on the optimization objective. Last, we propose effective runtime algorithms that can determine near-optimal or optimal combinations of workload and power budget partitioning for both single- and multi-programmed workload scenarios; the runtime algorithms can achieve 96 and 99 percent of the maximum achievable throughput within 5-8 and 3-5 kernel invocations for single- and multi-programmed workload cases, respectively.

Quantitative Analysis of Metastasis Brain Tumor and its Area Estimation in MR Images

Metastasis brain tumor develops multiple tumors at asymmetrical location of the human brain. MRI Imaging is one of the prudent mechanisms to extract the tumor regions and to map the brain for diagnosing. For the better diagnosis, one must detect the tumor accurately and need to calculate the area and volume of the tumor exactly. Here in this letter, we proposed a novel resolution enhancement technique to improve the quality of MR brain image and optimized hybrid clustering with region split and merge algorithm to detect the tumor cells from the original MR images and to estimate the tumors from different locations. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has performed superior to conventional clustering algorithms such as Fuzzy C-means (FCM), KMeans and even optimized pillar algorithm.

Lattice Boltzmann Simulation for a Lid-Driven Cavity with Discrete Heating/Cooling Sources

The convective flow and heat transfer of nanofluids in a square lid-driven cavity have been analyzed numerically using a lattice Boltzmann method. First, the results of lattice Boltzmann simulation are compared with those available in the literature and the solution of the finite volume method for the present problem. Justified by satisfactory accuracy, the method is then applied to studying heat transfer characteristics with various arrangements of heaters and coolers on the walls in a lid-driven cavity. The top wall moves in its own plane either leftward or rightward. The vertical walls are heated/cooled fully or partially, and the horizontal walls are adiabatic. It is observed that the heater/cooler location plays a vital role in the flow pattern and consequently the characteristics of heat transfer, for which partially heated/cooled surfaces exhibit better performance than fully heated/cooled ones. Specifically, with asymmetric allocation of thermal sources and a moving plate that introduces forced convection, the heat transfer rate is enhanced due to the coherent fluid motion driven under symmetry breaking of the thermal flow pattern. Addition of nanoparticles may also enhance heat transfer characteristics, but the improvement appears not impressive, relatively, when the added volume faction is up to 4% in this study. The work thus proposes an intriguing design on the allocation of discrete sources, which will be helpful for designing structure of electronic components and coolants of various types.

Asymmetric Allocation in a Shared Flexible Signature Module for Multicore Processors

Asymmetric Allocation in a Shared Flexible Signature Module for Multicore Processors

Biomechanical analysis of asymmetric mesio-distal molar positions loaded by a symmetric cervical headgear.

The plane 2D model and 3d finite element model of the headgear attached to two molars with different mesio-distal location are studied to show the asymmetric mechanical effects produced by symmetrically loaded headgear. In daily dental practice the asymmetrical location of molars is usually ignored. Six 3D finite element models of a symmetric cervical headgear were designed in SolidWorks 2011. The models showed symmetric molar position (model 1), 0.5 to 2 mm of anterior-posterior molar difference (models 2-5) and a significant asymmetry with 10 mm of difference in the locations (model 6). The head gear was loaded with 3N of force applied at the cervical headgear. The forces and moments produced on terminal molars are assessed. It is shown the difference between the forces acting at the longer and shorter outer arms of the headgear increases with increase in the distance. The significant numeric difference in the forces has been found: from 0.0082 N (model 1) to 0.0324 N (model 5) and 0.146 N (model 6). These small forces may produce unplanned distal tipping and rotation of the molars around their vertical axes. The most important funding was found as a clockwise yaw moment in the system when is viewed superio-inferiorly. The yaw moment has been computed between -0.646 Nmm (model 1) and -1.945 N mm (model 5). Therefore even small asymmetry in location of molars loaded by a symmetric cervical headgear will produce undesirable movement and rotation of the teeth that must be taken into account before applying the treatment.

Quantitative Analysis and Segmentation of Metastasis Brain Images using Hybrid Mean Shift Clustering

Metastasis brain tumor develops multiple tumors at asymmetrical location of the human brain. MRI imaging is one of the prudent mechanisms to extract the tumor regions and to map the brain for diagnosing. For the better diagnosis, one must detect the tumor accurately and need to calculate the area and volume of the tumor exactly. In this paper, we proposed a novel resolution enhancement technique to improve the quality of MR brain image and Optimized Hybrid Mean Shift Clustering (OHMSC) with region split and merge algorithm to detect the tumor cells from the original MR images and to estimate the tumors from different locations. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has performed superior to conventional clustering algorithms such as Fuzzy C-Means (FCM), K-Means and even optimized pillar algorithm.

Spatial memory for asymmetrical dot locations predicts lateralization among patients with presurgical mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.

This study examined the ability of an asymmetrical dot location memory test (Brown Location Test, BLT) and two verbal memory tests (Verbal Selective Reminding Test (VSRT) and California Verbal Learning Test, Second Edition (CVLT-II)) to correctly lateralize left (LTLE) or right (RTLE) mesial temporal lobe epilepsy that was confirmed with video-EEG. Subjects consisted of 16 patients with medically refractory RTLE and 13 patients with medically refractory LTLE who were left hemisphere language dominant. Positive predictive values for lateralizing TLE correctly were 87.5% for the BLT, 72.7% for the VSRT, and 80% for the CVLT-II. Binary logistic regression indicated that the BLT alone correctly classified 76.9% of patients with left temporal lobe epilepsy and 87.5% of patients with right temporal lobe epilepsy. Inclusion of the verbal memory tests improved this to 92.3% of patients with left temporal lobe epilepsy and 100% correct classification of patients with right temporal lobe epilepsy. Though of a limited sample size, this study suggests that the BLT alone provides strong laterality information which improves with the addition of verbal memory tests.

Proporcionar aos índios a valorização das suas línguas?! Problemas discursivos na diferenciação da escola indígena

Partindo da crítica às políticas linguísticas baseadas nos regimes metadiscursivos de línguas inventadas para a sua transmissão escolar e dos fundamentos teórico-metodológicos da análise crítica do discurso, este artigo busca apontar obstáculos discursivos à diferenciação da educação escolar indígena e à valorização escolar das línguas indígenas. Através da análise de um corpus composto por excertos da Constituição Federal de 1988 e da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional de 1996, e pela reportagem "Por uma escola diferenciada", do programa Globo Educação, a análise aponta dois obstáculos discursivos: a monologização de signos e objetos culturais polivalentes, como a educação, aescola ou a língua, e a alocação assimétrica de agência em relação aos atores representados nos discursos oficial e midiático sobre a educação escolar indígena.

Trunnion Troubles in Modular Hip Implants.

As outlined in our January 16, 2013 editorial, “The Case Report Redefined with JBJS Case Connector , ” one important role of JBJS Case Connector is to alert the orthopaedic community about a potentially problematic device or therapy. When two or more such cases with similar mechanisms appear, we will identify the procedure or implant as a “watchable” intervention. While this system is not statistically conclusive and may or may not be supported by other published case reports or registry data, the intention is to sharpen the focus of clinicians on the potential for similar problems and thereby enhance clinical outcomes and patient safety. The “Watch” designation may also encourage others to report related difficulties and enlist the orthopaedic community to either demonstrate that these are isolated, unrelated cases or sharpen the focus further on rigorously evaluating the intervention. Where appropriate, we may identify brand, model, or implant-lot specifics. Of the five Watch articles that have been published in JBJS Case Connector, three—including this one—have focused on total hip arthroplasty (THA). Our very first Watch in September 2013 discouraged surgeons who implant dual-mobility hips from using a “mix-and-match” strategy with components from different manufacturers. Our January 2014 Watch about THA cautioned hip surgeons to be wary about using long-necked and skirted-head modular hip designs. In both of those Watch articles, we emphasized how head-neck modularity has helped orthopaedists achieve important biomechanical objectives—such as adjusting version, limb length, and offset—to maximize implant function and longevity. Modularity also facilitates easier revisions and lowers inventory costs. But we also made the point that modularity increases the number of interfaces at which corrosion can occur, making prosthetic materials more vulnerable to compression, shear forces, and bending stresses. The arthroplasty community currently feels that the advantages gained from modularity outweigh the risks, but we …

Asymmetrical intersection between the middle cerebral artery and rhinal vein suggests asymmetrical gustatory cortex location in rodent hemispheres

The rodent gustatory cortex is located in the anterior part of the insular cortex, which is near the dorsal part of the rhinal vein (RHV) and the intersection of the anterior and posterior regions of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Thus, the intersection between the RHV and MCA is used as a landmark for the rodent gustatory cortex. In our previous study, we employed functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to demonstrate that tastants evoked bilateral responses in the rodent insular cortices, but that these representations were asymmetrical between the hemispheres. In the present study, to clarify the observed asymmetrical responses, we performed magnetic resonance angiography in a 7.0-Tesla MRI scanner to determine the anatomical position of the rodent gustatory cortex, which was identified using the intersection of the MCA and RHV. We successfully observed the intersection while administering carbogen as an inhaled gas and found that the intersection in the left hemisphere is more anterior compared to that in the right hemisphere. Taken together with the previous functional MRI results, this result indicates that the gustatory representation in relation to the intersection may be identically conserved in the insular cortex of both hemispheres; therefore, the rodent gustatory cortex may be asymmetrically located between the left and right hemispheres. The result also suggests that this landmark location needs to be verified when investigating gustatory representations and responses.

The Clinical and Radiological Effect of Abnormal Axis after Cervical Arthroplasty.

ObjectiveThe clinical outcomes according to the radiological results after cervical total disc replacement (TDR) are not well established. Here, the authors reviewed the clinical results according to the asymmetry in radiographs.MethodsThis retrospective analysis included patients after TDR (Mobi-C® disc) with at least 12 months follow up, and the clinical and radiological data were obtained preoperatively and postoperatively for 12 months. Clinical outcome measures numerical rating scale (NRS) score for neck pain, visual analog scale (VAS) for arm pain, and the Oswestry disability index (ODI) value. The asymmetries of TDRs were evaluated on the anterior-posterior (AP) and the lateral radiographs, and the radiographic adjacent segment degenerations were evaluated for 12 months.ResultsA total of 24 patients (one level cervical TDR; 10 male and 14 female; aged 41.50±8.35 years) were included in this study. The clinical results including NRS for neck pain, VAS for arm pain, and ODIs were similar between the normal and asymmetrized TDRs in AP and lateral radiographs. The radiographic adjacent segment degenerations were significantly increased in deviated TDRs (AP>10 mm asymmetry and lateral>10 mm asymmetry).ConclusionAsymmetrical location of TDR is not related to the clinical outcomes, but related to the risk of radiographic adjacent disc segment degeneration.