Associative Dictionary Research Articles

The concise associative and dissociative dictionary as a resource for accelerated teaching of a foreign language: experimental testing of the theory

The paper outlines the results of experimental testing of the effectiveness of the principles of analogy, cognitive effects and the frame-cluster approach as a basis for a concise associative and dissociative dictionary, which is seen as a means of accelerated teaching of a foreign language based on the knowledge of the mediator language (here: English). It is a proven fact that analogy (including association) is a universal principle of thinking which enables one to correctly identify lexical units of the language of one group through the mediator. The correctness of involving the dissociative principle has been confirmed experimentally: it is based on memorizing the uncommon and different. Accelerated, interest-driven teaching of a foreign language based on associative and dissociative principles takes into account the resources of cognitive effects, which are cognitive illusions not controlled by consciousness. We have substantiated the expediency of distributing vocabulary in the proposed dictionary according to the frame-cluster principle, in which the learner constructs a situationally relevant phrase from cluster-organized associated forms. Repeated use of lexemes in communication provides a correction of errors over time. The experiment confirmed that such a dictionary can satisfy the needs of the modern information society, where multilingual communication is in demand.

СЕМАНТИЧЕСКОЕ ПОЛЕ ЦЕННОСТИ «ВЛАСТЬ»

The purpose. To describe the multi-level structure of the content of value, consisting of the components, forming the unified space of the semantic field. Methodology and Approach. The author analyzes the definitions from the encyclopedic, lexicographic sources, contextual use of the value power in the corpus of texts, semantic groups based on the associative dictionary entries analysis were identified, as well as proverbs with the help of the component method. The results of the study revealed that the scientific picture of the world reflects positive or neutral perception of the value power, and in the naive picture of the world not only positive, neutral but also negative attitude to this value is represented. Theoretical and Practical Implications: the new approach to the semantic field arrangement that helps to represent the level of social, intermediate and common consciousness in the language, as well as to the research basis forming in the field of political technologies and social psychology.

СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЙ ГЕШТАЛЬТ ЯДРА ЯЗЫКОВОГО СОЗНАНИЯ БУРЯТ-БИЛИНГВОВ

The article is devoted to the experience of the comparative analysis of language consciousness content of the Buryat-bilinguals on the example of a semantic Gestalt of basic fields of people, home, life presented in the Buryat and Russian languages. The main aim of the research is identification of ethnocultural specifics and transformation of language consciousness of modern Buryat-bilinguals, knowing Russian and the Buryat language. The analysis is carried out on the basis of the associative dictionary made by the author of the article. The results of the experiment show that semantic zones of both Gestalts in many respects are identical, consisting of five-eight zones of the same name, however their content and hierarchy of arrangement reveal essential differences in images of consciousness of the Buryat-bilinguals - the carriers of two languages. It was confirmed that for the Buryats in their native language a basic valuable dominant is the family. The main differences in the content of knowledge in different languages in many respects are defined by system and structural features of language and a discrepancy of semantic fields. Buryats’ active assimilating Russian led both to assimilation of new lexicon, and to assimilation of the corresponding lexical stereotypes. It is undoubted that foreign-language influence promotes changes in lexical structure and communicative standards of the Buryat language, it transforms its system of culture and valuable. The received results may be used in social-, psycholinguistic researches, linguistics of language contacts.

Исследование ассоциативных связей слов в корпусе социальных сетей с помощью дистрибутивно-семантических моделей

Данная статья отражает результаты эксперимента по автоматическому извлечению ассоциативных связей из корпуса русскоязычных текстов социальной сети Facebook с помощью алгоритмов и инструментов дистрибутивной семантики. Для лексем, выражающих ключевые понятия русскоязычной картины мира, автоматически извлечены ассоциаты из корпуса Facebook с использованием нейросетевых архитектур Word 2 Vec ( CBOW и Skip - gram ). Был проведен сопоставительный анализ полученных данных и данных Русского ассоциативного словаря и Русского дистрибутивного тезауруса. Полученные результаты позволяют провести лингвистический анализ языкового сознания современных пользователей социальных сетей.

Antonymy of Spatial Adjectives

This paper analyses the antonymy of spatial adjectives. The aim is to verify the extent to which the frequency of occurrence of certain associations is related with the meaning of adjectives and the degree of opposition among members of adjectival antonymic pairs. Adjective antonyms were analysed on the basis of the Associative Dictionary and verbal associations, which were obtained through a survey with associative tests. Based on the material from the dictionary, it was concluded that in adjectives that have regular antonyms, in most cases the antonym appears as the first association. However, the survey has shown that with adjectives that have an antonym, the antonym does not necessarily appear as the most frequent association.

Beginning and Completion of Events in the Russian and English Language Picture of the World and Features of their Perception in the National Language Consciousness

Introduction. The question of the correspondence between the linguistic representation of concepts that make up the national linguistic picture of the world and the linguistic consciousness of the nation is examined on the basis of the concepts of the beginning and completion of the event. The grammatical structure of the language puts the native speaker in the framework of the concepts formed earlier and limits the choice to accessible language means.Methodology and sources. In order to determine the peculiarities of the perception of the event structure by native Russian and English speakers, as well as to establish how much the scope of concepts coincides or differs in national language pictures of the world, a comparative analysis of the dominant elements of the functional semantic fields of the beginning and completion of the event was used.Results and discussion. The analysis of linguistic means was carried out on the basis of the functional-semantic approach. Psycholinguistic analysis of linguistic consciousness was carried out on the basis of data from associative dictionaries of the Russian and English languages. The study also provides information on the structure of the event and statistical data describing the linguistic representation of the beginnings and completion in Russian and English at all levels from grammatical to syntactic.Conclusion. It was found out, that the source of semantic originality of the means of expression of beginning and end, constituting the corresponding functional semantic fields, can be not only differences in the grammatical system of the language, but also cultural-conditioned discrepancies in the scope of the concepts themselves. This means that the psycholinguistic features of concept perception in the national language consciousness have a direct impact on the choice of language means when translating or using the language as a means of communication by bilinguals.

Koncepcja arche w projekcji mentalnej Polaków i Rosjan (na materiale słowników asocjacyjnych)

This article describes the linguistic-cultural and associative field of the universal concept of arché (fire and water) in the Polish and Russian languages and identifies its general and specific cognitive symptoms in a variety of conceptual spheres. The author performs an analysis of the Polish and Russian associative dictionary that forms the so-called core of language consciousness.

Antywartości. Konceptualizacja zła w świadomości językowej Polaków i Rosjan

The present article is an attempt at establishing a way of understanding the term evil as well as characterizing all the phenomena the term encompasses in communities of Polish and Russian students. The author analyses the results of a Free Word Association Test on the material of associative dictionaries.

Gender Concept “Woman” in the Minds of the Russian People (Taking the Chinese as Reference) According to an Associative Experiment

The article is devoted to the study of language representations of the concept of “woman” in the minds of the Russian and Chinese people based on a comparison of associative experiments of two languages, identifying the dynamics of the concept in the language consciousness of the people, establishing the specificity of the concept in the Russian language picture of the world referring to the Chinese. Due to the specificity of the Russian language, we used the “Russian Associative Dictionary” (RAD) as the analytical material and the free associative experiment we conducted is a survey of modern speakers of Russian and Chinese – university students. The reactions, which characterize women, obtained in the process of the experiment, were examined according to semantic areas in three aspects: social, physical, individual. Experimental data shows that many associations that exist in the minds of native speakers can be influenced by personalities, which predetermines the variability in the content of the concept against the background of stereotypical representations. The materials of the experiment make it possible to reveal both the similarities and differences of the associative fields of the concept woman in the Russian and Chinese language pictures of the world. The linguistic representations of the concept “woman” presented in the experiments make it possible to reveal a specific national vision of the world against a different cultural background. The concept of a woman, reflecting the linguistic consciousness of modern Russian youth, differs from the concept of a woman recorded in the Russian associative dictionary, which was reflected in the 1970s. The differences between them correspond to the potential dynamic nature of the concept.

ОПЫТ СОЗДАНИЯ АССОЦИАТИВНОГО СЛОВАРЯ СРАВНЕНИЙ

The article publishes the results of a work carried out in the framework of the RFBR (Russian Foundation for Basic Research) project on the creation of a direct translation associative dictionary of comparisons. The process of preparing and conducting a mass associative experiment among the Kalmyk respondents is described, the resulting reactions are analysed. The paper discusses the principles of making dictionary entries. The work is accompanied by computerized methods for the synthesis and processing of information: the creation and generation of a questionnaire with stimuli, the input of reaction words and the formation of a statistical report. The conclusion is made about significant changes observed in the specificity of representative vocabulary and the image of the Kalmyks’ world identified on the basis of comparisons.

Влияние психолингвистических характеристик слов на протекание ассоциативных процессов

The psycholinguistic variables — word frequency, age of acquisition and etc. — affect the human’s processing of information. In this paper, we explore the effects of the four psycholinguistic variables — word frequency, age of acquisition, word familiarity and imageability — on the associative processes, that is, on the probability that words will appear as the associations for verbal stimuli; this probability isestimated by association abundance (the amount of different stimulus words which elicit these associations in the associative dictionary). The study is done using 286 words for which ones there are normative data for all variables. The main goal of this study is to find out the independent effects of each abovementioned psycholinguistic variables on association abundance. This is done by determining whether the including of one of the psycholinguistic variables as an additional predictor in the regression equation where the criterion is association abundance and the predictors — some other psycholinguistic variables leads to the significant increasing of the efficiency of the prediction. The received results show the independent effects of word frequency and age of acquisition on association abundance (the increasing of the efficiency of the prediction is significant, p<0.001 in both cases). These effects for word familiarity and word imageabilityhaven’t been detected.

Broadband Mode Decomposition and Its Application to the Quality Evaluation of Welding Inverter Power Source Signals

This article proposes a novel data-driven adaptive decomposition method named broadband mode decomposition (BMD) for analyzing complex signals containing broadband components, such as square signals and sawtooth signals. For effective broadband signals with “sharp corners,” an unavoidable error occurs when applying former methods, such as variational mode decomposition (VMD) and ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), due to the Gibbs phenomenon and the interpolation of extreme points. Therefore, we propose BMD for separating the broadband modes, narrowband modes, and noise in a complex nonstationary signal. First, an associative dictionary library consisting of typical broadband signals and narrowband signals is established. Second, a smoothness function is employed as the optimization objective function, and the amplitude, frequency, and phase of the broadband signals and the filter parameters of the narrowband signals are applied as optimization parameters. Third, the sparsest decomposition results are obtained by searching the dictionary using an artificial chemical reaction optimization algorithm. The simulation and experimental signal analyses indicate that BMD is more accurate than EEMD and VMD in extracting broadband components from a noisy signal and that BMD is suitable for quality evaluations of welding inverter power source signals.

Текстовое ассоциативное поле пространственного предела (на материале «Словаря языка Достоевского»)

The paper offers the textual associative field reconstruction method using the “Dostoyevsky Language Dictionary”. The logic of modelling the textual associative field of spatial border is applied to the Dictionary’s data. The idioglosses described in the paper are included in the same symbolic paradigm so the more detailed symbolic meaning description is possible by comparing the contexts of their use. Besides, the comparison of “Dostoyevsky Language Dictionary” and “Russian Associative Dictionary” data allows finding some peculiarities of the words with the spatial border meaning functioning in Russian linguistic world-image.

Vector Representations of Ukrainian Words

I n this paper, Ukrainian word embeddings and their properties are examined. Provided are a theoretical description, a brief account of the most common technologies used to produce an embedding, and lists of implemented algorithms. Word2wec, the first technology for calculating word embeddings, is used to demonstrate modern approaches of calculating using neural networks. Word2wec and FastText, which evolved from word2vec, are compared, and FastText’s benefits are described. Word embeddings have been applied to solving majority of the practical tasks of natural language processing. One of the latest such applications have been in the automatic construction of translation dictionaries. A previous analysis indicates that most of the words found in English-Ukrainian dictionaries are absent in the Great Electronic Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language (VESUM) project. For embeddings in Ukrainian based on word2vec, Glove, lex2vec, and FastText, the Gensim open-source library was used to demonstrate the potential of calculated models, and the results of repeating known calculation experiments are provided. They indicate that the hypothesis about the existence of biases and stereotypes in such models does not pertain to the Ukrainian language. The quality of the word embeddings is assessed on the basis of testing analogies, and adapting lexical data from a Ukrainian associative dictionary in order to construct a selection of data for assessing the quality of word embeddings is proposed. Listed are necessary tasks of future research in the field of creating and utilizing Ukrainian word embeddings.

Методология сбора и обработки данных для построения ассоциативно-метафорического словаря русского языка для нужд автоматизированных систем обработки текстов (АМС-АСОТ)

Методология сбора и обработки данных для построения ассоциативно-метафорического словаря русского языка для нужд автоматизированных систем обработки текстов (АМС-АСОТ)

Associative experiment as a means of cognition of the mental organization of the aromatic subframe

The article is devoted to the analysis of the results of a free associative experiment conducted with English native speakers, which highlighted the structure of the aromatonymic associative field. The purpose of the article is to understand the essence of the structure of the aromatonymic associative field. English aromatonyms serve as the object of the study, their associative fields are the subject of the study. The material of the study was the results of a survey of 57 informants, the total number of responses provided- 842. In this study, a free associative experiment was used, where the informants respond using any verbal reaction to words- stimuli. To conduct the associative experiment, fifteen aromatonyms-stimuli were selected with the help of the method of representative and homogeneous sampling from various sources, which accurately simulate both the qualitative and quantitative properties of the linguistic phenomena studied. The source database included promotional materials devoted to perfumes, trade catalogs, analytical sites, ratings, etc. We tried to cover various classes of aromatonyms: those that are popular now and in the old days, niche perfumes, creolized aromatonyms, simple, complex and composite aromatonyms with different word-building structures. The results of the free associative experiment made it possible to compose an associative dictionary of aromatonyms, thanks to which it was possible to find out the organization of concepts that correspond to a certain class of names in the mental lexicon of English native speakers. Each dictionary entry contains the associations presented by informants according to their frequency, with full preservation of their exponents in the author's form. Proprietary lemmas, that is, different forms of the same onym, or appellative lemmas were taken into account in establishing the semantic gestalts of the corresponding stimuli.

Учебный ассоциативный словарь русского языка. Статья-рецензия

Учебный ассоциативный словарь русского языка. Статья-рецензия

Reflection of the Concept “lubovʼ / amour” in Language Consciousness of Russians and Frenchmen (Based on the Analysis of Words of Associative Dictionaries)

Reflection of the Concept “lubovʼ / amour” in Language Consciousness of Russians and Frenchmen (Based on the Analysis of Words of Associative Dictionaries)

МОДЕЛЬ ВРЕМЕНИ В ЯЗЫКОВОМ СОЗНАНИИ СИБИРЯКОВ

Problem and purpose. Time is studied in the field of many sciences, such as philosophy, physics, sociology, psychology, linguistics and others. There are many definitions of time. The objective information about the perception of time by man is enclosed in the language. The purpose of this study is to describe the time model in the linguistic consciousness of the Siberians of the Yenisei Siberia according to the mass associative experiment data presented in the electronic database “Electronic Associative Dictionary of the Yenisei Siberia”. The methodology is based on the achievements of psycholinguistics, in particular, the analysis of materials obtained as a result of a mass free associative experiment involving “extinction” of the parameters of linguistic consciousness. As a result of the analysis of the associative field of time, a time model of the linguistic consciousness of Siberians, represented by four semantic zones, was obtained by the method of semantic modeling: 1) Cosmic time (cyclic); 2) Metaphysical time; 3) Household time; 4) The axiology of time. The conclusions reflect the semantic content of the model of a Siberian’s time, limited, in his opinion, to the boundaries of human life: life is death; have – have not. Social appraisal, formed on the basis of temporal experience, records the deviation from the norm of individual facts and actions in time.

THE DIFFERENCES IN PERCEPTION OF THE BASIC VALUE “DEVELOPMENT” IN PUBLIC LINGUISTIC COSCIOUSNESS OF RUSSIAN GENERATIONS ON THE BASIS OF ASSOCIATIVE DICTIONARIES AND THE DATA OF THE PSYCHOSEMANTIC EXPERIMENT

This article examines the meaning of basic value “development” reflected on the common level of linguistic consciousness of representatives of two generations: the one of “perestroika” times and the Post Soviet one. The common level of linguistic consciousness is revealed through analysis of associative dictionaries and the results of the psycho-semantic experiment. The analysis of the articles from associative dictionaries helps to distinguish components of the meaning of the basic value under investigation on the common level of linguistic civil consciousness. The data of the psycho-semantic experiment that is presented as factor matrices and cluster trees allow to capture connotative differences of the perception of the value in question and trace the link with such values as “labour” and “cooperation”. We resort to historical, sociological and statistic data in order to interpret the results of the analysis. The methodology of the research is based on the theory of activity approach elaborated by Leontiev A.N., the conception of linguistic consciousness of Tarasov E.F. and Ufimtseva N.V. and the intergrative and eclectic approach by the mixed method designed by Yanchuk V.A. The results of the given research show that there were not significant shifts in the perception of the value “development” on the common level of linguistic consciousness of the two generations. However we can spotted the changes in the contents of the value in question on the linguistic common level of civil consciousness due to the movement from the industrial type of economy to the postindustrial one that is characterized by the growing significance of intellect. The methods of the analysis can be potentially used for similar research of basic values of national cultures. The materials of this paper can be employed to create tasks for Russian as Foreign language classes.