Women's Association Research Articles

THE ROLE OF LEGAL ASSISTANCE INSTITUTIONS IN PROVIDING LEGAL ASSISTANCE TO WOMEN AS VICTIMS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE

The purpose of this study was to determine the legal assistance provided by LBH APIK to victims of sexual violence and the obstacles faced by LBH APIK in providing legal assistance to women victims of sexual violence. This research is a field research where data collection is carried out by interviewing parties related to the research topic. The results of the study show that: 1) The legal basis of the Indonesian Women's Association for Justice Legal Aid Institute or LBH APIK in providing legal assistance to women victims of violence is based on Law no. 16 of 2011 concerning Legal Aid, Law no. 18 of 2003 concerning Advocates and Standard Operating Procedures, hereinafter abbreviated as SOP. The role in providing legal assistance to women as victims is litigation and non-litigation. Litigation is a process of mentoring from the beginning of handling a case to a verdict in court, non-litigation is a process outside the court that is up to the mediation stage. In addition, LBH APIK carries out other legal reinforcements such as conducting legal counseling and legal seminars held in the Makassar city area. 2) The obstacles faced by LBH APIK in handling their cases are victims who are reluctant to tell their cases and the police who think that if there is sexual violence against women it is based on consensual factors, not coercion. LBH APIK carried out other legal reinforcements such as conducting legal counseling and legal seminars held in the Makassar city area. 2) The obstacles faced by LBH APIK in handling their cases are victims who are reluctant to tell their cases and the police who think that if there is sexual violence against women it is based on consensual factors, not coercion. LBH APIK carried out other legal reinforcements such as conducting legal counseling and legal seminars held in the Makassar city area. 2) The obstacles faced by LBH APIK in handling their cases are victims who are reluctant to tell their cases and the police who think that if there is sexual violence against women it is based on consensual factors, not coercion.

“Moms and babies first”-A historical overview of the Association of Women's Health Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses

Professional nursing bodies have had a well-established, collective history of advancing the nursing profession through career development, advocacy, and continuing education. The purpose of this review paper is to provide a historical overview of these entities, leading up to the formation of specialty nursing associations and the emergence of the Association of Women's Health Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN). The Association of Women's Health Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses is a leader in research, education, and advocacy in the field of women's health, obstetric, and neonatal nursing that has focused on promoting the health and well-being of women, newborns, and their families for the past fifty years.

The impacts of social capital on rural household’s income: empirical evidence from rural Vietnam

This study empirically examines how social capital affects household income in rural Vietnam using the VARHS 2012-2014 surveys. We operationalized four forms of social capital, which are formal social networks, informal social networks, government connection, and general trust. We illustrate that social capital is abundant and has positive impacts on household income in rural Vietnam. Among many dimensions of social capital, political and governmental connectivity is fundamentally essential for improving household income. Approaching governmental organizations through the friend network is much more effective than the relative network or family member network. This study provides evidence that informal network is also important. Connecting to the community through the participation of wedding ceremonies increases spiritual well-being and works as a type of social capital to increase household income. Surprisingly, we find no positive impact of general trust and other massive organizations, which are often claimed to be necessary, such as the Farmer Association or the Women Association.

PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN MELALUI BANK SAMPAH PELITA DUSUN I (Studi Kasus : Program Corporate Social Responsibility PT. Solusi Bangun Indonesia)

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is one of the efforts to realize the SDGs' first objective, which is to reduce community poverty. One of the PT Solusi Bangun Indonesia Narogong Factory CSR programs is the Pelita Dusun I Waste Bank which is located in Kembang Kuning Village. In addition, the development of a self-help waste bank in Kembang Kuning Village is based on several environmental problems in the community. The emphasis of this research is community-based community empowerment with a gender perspective. The role of women citizens is important as social capital. This study aims to analyze the process of empowering women through the Pelita Dusun I Waste Bank program conducted by PT. Solusi Bangun Indonesia. To answer research problems, this study uses a qualitative approach. Observation data through observation and in-depth interviews with employees of the Community Relations Department of PT Solusi Bangun Indonesia, the management and customers of the Pelita Dusun I Waste Bank. At the assessment stage, the community is involved in the process. However, there is a gender bias as it targets women's association groups.

Obstetric hemorrhage risk assessment tool predicts composite maternal morbidity

Obstetric hemorrhage is one of the leading preventable causes of maternal mortality in the United States. Although hemorrhage risk-prediction models exist, there remains a gap in literature describing if these risk-prediction tools can identify composite maternal morbidity. We investigate how well an established obstetric hemorrhage risk-assessment tool predicts composite hemorrhage-associated morbidity. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of a multicenter database including women admitted to Labor and Delivery from 2016 to 2018, at centers implementing the Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric, and Neonatal Nurses risk assessment tool on admission. A composite morbidity score incorporated factors including obstetric hemorrhage (estimated blood loss ≥ 1000 mL), blood transfusion, or ICU admission. Out of 56,903 women, 14,803 (26%) were categorized as low-risk, 26,163 (46%) as medium-risk and 15,937 (28%) as high-risk for obstetric hemorrhage. Composite morbidity occurred at a rate of 2.2%, 8.0% and 11.9% within these groups, respectively. Medium- and high-risk groups had an increased combined risk of composite morbidity (diagnostic OR 4.58; 4.09–5.13) compared to the low-risk group. This established hemorrhage risk-assessment tool predicts clinically-relevant composite morbidity. Future randomized trials in obstetric hemorrhage can incorporate these tools for screening patients at highest risk for composite morbidity.

The Conflation of Single Mothers and Prostitutes in Morocco

The Conflation of Single Mothers and Prostitutes in Morocco

Женское движение в России в 1907–1914 гг.

The article examines the women's movement in Russia in 1907–1914. The author studies, what is the women's movement; its causes (discrimination and legal inequality of women in all spheres of life); women's issue (a whole complex of problems related to the unequal position of women in society, economy and family) and the problem of emancipation (liberation) of women. The article also considers the impact of the First Russian Revolution of 1905–1907 on the women's movement, features of the women's movement in 1907–1914 (the stage of formation of a mass women's movement with an extensive infrastructure, integrating various social strata of women). The author shows that the number and diversity of women's organizations continued to increase, which contributed to the formation of a broad social base of the women's movement; presents the classification of women's associations by spheres of activity, by ideological orientation: conservative, liberal (including feminist) and socialist. The article demonstrates the main activities of the women's movement: the struggle for education, for access to professional work, charity, the struggle for civil and political rights, including electoral rights and mentions women's parties, organizations, such as Russian Women's Mutual Charitable Society, Women's Progressive Party, Women's Equality Union, Workers' Mutual Aid Society and three All-Russian women's congresses. It shows participation of various segments of the population in the women's movement. The author analyzes government policy on the women's issue and concludes about the results and significance of the women's movement.

Collective bargaining and gender equality (The Gendered Economy) by Jane Pillinger and Nora Wintour, newcastle upon tyne: Agenda publishing, 2019, 175 pp

Keywords: collective bargaining;gender equality;social dialogue EN collective bargaining gender equality social dialogue 2252 2255 4 10/19/21 20211101 NES 211101 The promotion of gender equality in the labor market is not limited to the economic sphere and issues around equal pay. Brazil and Paraguay feature among the countries where trade unions, through collective bargaining, tried to step beyond the minimum legal rights established for maternity rights. In nations where union structures are weak, or collective bargaining is more difficult to achieve, trade unions and women's rights associations have undertaken relevant actions to mobilize and represent informal workers. [Extracted from the article] Copyright of Gender, Work & Organization is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Women scientists in China: current status and aspirations.

Throughout history, gender inequality has persisted in most parts of the world. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, substantial progress has been made towards gender equality in China. Today, a large number of Chinese women scientists are making significant contributions to advance science. However, are they facing gender discrimination in hiring and promotion? Do they have access to the same opportunities as their male colleagues? What are the potential approaches to further promote gender equality in China's scientific community given myriad unfavorable social factors? Recently, NSR invited five Chinese female scientists and two gender experts to discuss these issues. Here are their observations and suggestions. Bing LiuProfessor at the Department of the History of Science, Tsinghua University Jun LuSenior Engineer at Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology, and Deputy Chief Designer of BeiDou Grounded Test and Validation System Chih-chen WangProfessor at the Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hongyang WangPresident of the China Women's Association for Science and Technology (CWAST), Director of the National Center for Science in Liver Cancer Xiaoyun WangC. N. Yang Professor at the Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University Yan ZhengChair Professor at the School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology Wenpei Tang (Chair)Professor at the School of Health Humanities, Peking University

Breastfeeding knowledge and practices of working mothers in the informal economy in New Delhi: A formative study to explore new intervention pathways towards improved maternal and child health outcomes

This was a formative study to yield evidence on the conceptual and empirical pathways to improve maternal and child health (MCH) outcomes among informally working mothers while securing livelihoods, and for this, explores how informally working women navigate time sensitive childcare practices such as exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) with their work, and how do the conditions and nature of informal employment shape it.This study was conducted in February–May 2017 using non-probability sampling for cross-sectional semi structured interviews (n = 92) and focus group discussions (n = 56) with working mothers with a child under 2 and 5 years respectively, having regular and stable working history in the informal economy. The study team partnered with Self-Employed Women's Association for site selection and recruitment of study participants across 4 sectors of work in New Delhi, India: home-based work, pheri or barter work, street vending and domestic work.While 65% women report EBF for 6-months, checks with infant feeding recall reveal several disruptions from customary practices and working conditions, and successful EBF only in home-based work, the least paying of all. 59% women reported returning to work under 6-months, leading to early weaning. 90% women were aware of the importance of EBF in the standard language of public health messaging, however, checks with non-standard language queries reveal a drop to 55–80% exhibiting lack of effective knowledge that women could use.The findings emphasise that conditions and nature of informal employment shape MCH outcomes in cities of the global south, where such employment dominates. Furthermore, we use the findings to suggest the following responsive approaches for intervention: delaying mother's return to work, increasing proximity between mother and child, deeper and engaged knowledge of breastfeeding and early child development practices, improving problem solving capacity and agency of the mother, and enabling home and workplace conditions.

The white coat public art project: using the white coat as a canvas for reflection for women in medicine

ObjectivesBurnout and low job satisfaction have disproportionately impacted female physicians compared with their male counterparts, with gender-specific oppression and bias in the workforce. This project aims to address the relationship of women in medicine to their chosen field through public art. Study designA call for using the white coat as a canvas to describe positive attributes and self-reflection was shared with all American Medical Women's Association (AMWA) branches at medical schools. MethodsStudents in AMWA branches created white coats, designing them to answer the posed question. ResultsWhite coats were sent to the national conference for display, revealing certain themes, challenges, resilience, and humanization of the training and working experience for women in medicine. ConclusionThis white coat public art project directly and indirectly addresses causes of burnout and serves as a way to create community, address isolation, and empower women in medicine.

The study on the first women doctors in Korea, AHN Soo-kyung, KIM Young-heung, and KIM Hae-ji.

This study examined three women, AHN Soo-kyung, KIM Youngheung and KIM Hae-ji, who were officially licensed as doctors for the first time in Joseon. I wanted to find a new "starting point" of women's medicine history by scrutinizing their home environment, medical classes, graduation and medical license, and life after becoming doctors. The parents of KIM Young-heung and KIM Hae-ji might have been enlightened and Christians. AHN Soo-kyung did not have a Christian family. Her father, AHN Wang-geo, who was both an educator and a poet, was aware of the need for women's education or modern education. Female medical missionaries such as Rosetta S. Hall and Mary Cutler also worked hard to get them admitted to the medical class. They went to school with a female guardian and a brother and adapted to school life safely. After graduating from Kyongsung Medical College they obtained doctors' licenses and continued their medical activities at the hospital. KIM Young-heung actively engaged in social activities as a female intellectual by giving public lectures. She worked as a doctor in Kyongsung, Pyongyang, and Incheon. KIM Hae-ji did medical work and got married in Pyongyang. However, she had a hard time due to her husband's death and a medical accident. In the end, she seems to have left the medical field by returning her medical license. AHN Soo-kyung had been working at Dongdaemun (East Gate) Women's Hospital for more than 20 years and was willing to participate in what she could do as a woman, doctor and intellectual. Therefore, she established a free maternity clinic in the hospital. She defended Joseon's students and hospitals in protest of the controversy of nursing school and the move to abolish Dongdaemun Women's Hospital. She quietly participated in the Dong-Ah Women's Association and 6.10 the Independence Movement by doing anything she could do to help. She had a shy personality, but she faithfully fulfilled her duty as a doctor with a strong professional sense that saving people was her calling.

الأموال المشتركة بين الزوجين بين الفقه والواقع

It is well known that women in pre-Islamic Jahiliyya and before Islam were practiced at all levels, so they were not a worthy thing, and society at that time did not recognize her any of the rights, whether they were moral or financial rights. Rather, they were bequeathed similarly to that as the goods that were inherited until Islam came and higher than that responded to their dignity and make them synonymous with the man he says (not Taatmnoa what is the virtue of God with one another for men's share, which gained for women's share, which gained and ask Allah of his bounty that God had knowledge of all things) women: 32, and the campus on Aladhar men and Adilha said Gel would (O ye who believe, do not you solve that women do not possess ing Tedlohn to go to some of Ateetmohn but come Pfahach indicating the interpretation of the meaning Ltamohn may be that you dislike a thing and Allah makes it much good) women: 19
 This is for women in general, as for the wife, he has proven to her rights arising from marriage, such as the dowry, maintenance, clothing, pleasure, her right to inheritance after the death of the husband, and other rights that were dealt with in detail by the ancient jurists.
 As circumstances have changed, and in the past women are no longer content to sit at home and take care of the affairs of the husband and children. The woman went out to work and began to contribute to the financial burdens alongside her husband, in addition to that the emergence of women's rights associations that began to advocate for the right of women to share money with the husband. The beneficiary during the period of marriage and considering her work at home as a work that deserves a wage, and the emergence of legislation in some Islamic countries, such as Tunisia and Malaysia, for example, giving the wife the right to share with the husband the money collected during marital life, all of this prompted me to contribute to shedding light on this issue that was not addressed to it. The old jurists and I thought to shed light on the types of money gained during married life, and the ruling for each type is as follows:
 1- Private funds for both spouses before the establishment of married life.
 2- Funds obtained as a result of a partnership between the spouses
 3- Funds obtained as a result of women working with men.
 4- Funds obtained as a result of the woman working alone, excluding her unemployed husband.
 5- Funds obtained by the husband only, without any direct participation of the woman in its collection.
 6- Fatwas and legislations in some Islamic countries regarding this matter.
 The research was concluded with a conclusion that includes the most important findings and recommendations that the researcher sees.

Propuestas para el abordaje de la violencia machista en el ámbito de la salud. Un análisis cualitativo

ObjectiveIdentify improvement proposals for approaching violence against women through the evaluation of 2009s Protocol for approaching Violence Against Women in Health Care in Cataluña (PAVIM). DesignQualitative ethnographic study, 2019. SettingPublic Health Care in Catalonia. ParticipantsOne hundred eighty one participants, of which: 104 health care professionals, 43 women's associations and/or experts in violence against women and 34 experts on health and violence against women. MethodIntentional sampling. Eighteen focus groups and 34 semi-structured interviews. Evaluation with a gender and intersectional perspective. ResultsResults are structured along PAVIM's phases. Prevention: mandatory and institutionally recognized training for the whole professional team, with a gender and intersectional perspective. Detection: diagnostic code standardization for violence against women and improve coordination between primary care, emergency service, pediatrics and Assistance to Sexual and Reproductive Health. Care and recovery: territorial equity in the applied resources on cases of violence against women care (in the 9 sanitary regions of Catalonia) and improves communication between health and associative fields. ConclusionsThe improvement proposals identified are those that have generated a greater consensus among participants and are the most interesting to primary care. As limitations, stand out the temporality and heterogeneity of the Catalan territory.

Appropriate technology for processing of plantation products for the mekar association of the bugis transmigrant tribe in Pal Village IX

Pal IX village has a potential plantation, namely banana. The products of this plantation are utilized by the Mekar Women's Association (Parwa), which consists of transmigrant women from the Bugis tribe who process bananas into dodol, chips, and kapok bread. The problem faced is that the processing of products is still manual (traditional), so that the products produced are limited. In addition, product marketing still relies on existing orders and has not paid attention to the food sanitation hygiene produced. The introduction of appropriate technology is needed to overcome this problem. Implementation of activities using the method of education and mentoring and carried out for 4 months. The results of the activity showed an increase in the group's knowledge and skills in applying appropriate technology, and changes in online-based marketing strategies.

Nurses’ Approaches to Pain Management for Women With Opioid Use Disorder in the Perinatal Period

ObjectiveTo identify how nurses approach pain management for women with opioid use disorder (OUD) in the perinatal period from the perspectives of nurses and women. DesignA secondary analysis of data from a qualitative descriptive study on the development of trust between nurses and women who use substances during the perinatal period. SettingWe interviewed the woman participants in a private conference room at a residential treatment center, and we interviewed the nurse participants over the phone. ParticipantsFour women from a residential treatment center in the rural U.S. Midwest and nine nurses who were members of a local Midwestern Chapter of the Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses. MethodsWe used semistructured individual interviews, and participants were asked to describe positive, negative, and typical interactions they had with the other group to identify factors that helped or hindered the formation of trust. In the course of the interviews, four of the women and nine of the nurses described interactions centered on pain management. This information, which we summarized using content analysis, provided data related to the approaches to pain management that nurses use for women with opioid use disorder in the perinatal period. ResultsAnalysis showed that nurse participants used five approaches to pain management: Promoting Nonopioid Pain Management Strategies; Trying to Give Pain Medications on Time; Doubting or Judging Women; Withholding, Delaying, or Resisting Giving Pain Medications; and Responding to Women’s Hostility. ConclusionNurses should confront biases related to opioid use during pregnancy and receive training on how to manage aggressive behavior during the provision of maternity care.

NGOs and Child Marriage Problem in Indonesia: Analysis of Issues, Strategies and Networks

The phenomenon of increasing early childhood marriage has put Indonesia in the spotlight of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child. Indonesia is listed as the country with the 7th highest number of early childhood marriages internationally and is ranked 2nd in ASEAN. This phenomenon makes various parties, both from government and non-government, to respond to this problem. This study aims to analyze the strategies used by non-government actors in the prevention of early childhood marriage. The case raised was the role of the Legal Aid Institute for the Indonesian Women's Association for Justice (LBH APIK) in South Sulawesi. In particular, this study tries to analyze the LBH Apik international network development model. Initial information shows that for implementing this advocacy agenda, LBH Apik collaborates with International Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) or International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGO), namely OXFAM. This research is a qualitative type where the data sources are as information and narratives got through in-depth interviews, and source documents. This study found that; First, LBH Apik's activities in efforts to prevent child marriage can be categorized as an effort by NGOs to implement human security values. Second, the strategies adopted by LBH Apik show that the changes required are transformative because they encourage changes in the social structure that make the position of girls very vulnerable. Third, local, national and international partnerships with LBH Apik are built on a collective identity as the party fighting to prevent child marriage.

Parents Are "Essential" Caregivers.

Around the world, neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) had to adjust many of their routine practices due to coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) while trying to continue to provide excellent care for newborns and their families. Prior to COVID-19, most NICUs used family-centered care as the framework to engage parents in infant caregiving.1 However, due to the need for urgent implementation of COVID-19 crisis management procedures in early 2020, family-centered policies regarding parental presence in the NICU were quickly modified to restrict parents' presence at the bedside. New policies varied from unit to unit and even changed over time, as we learned more about how the virus spreads. Yet, as 2020 turned into 2021, many of the restrictive parent presence policies have been slow to return to prepandemic standards despite an increased understanding of the virus spread, implementing safety protocols for healthcare workers that could have been adapted for parents, and knowing that parents as caregivers are essential to excellent neonatal care. Infants develop best when they are emotionally and physically attached to their parents. Parent presence and participation in care results in improved outcomes for both newborns and parents. Randomized controlled trials that employed family-centered care interventions resulted in increased newborn weight gain, decreased readmissions, and decreased parental anxiety, depression, and stress.2 During the pandemic, some of the reported restricted parental presence policies included: allowing only one parent to visit at a time; decreased mothers' presence to 2 hours per day; and, limiting fathers' presence to 1 hour per week.3 In one cross sectional survey of 277 NICUs, parental presence 24 hours per day 7 days per week decreased from 83% to 53%.4 These strict restrictions have led to parents requesting to be allowed back into NICUs.3,5 For example, after an informal survey of parents revealed concerns about family restrictions during the pandemic, the Vermont Oxford Family Faculty spoke out and stated that parents should be allowed back in the NICU to participate in care.5 Jennifer Canvasser, a former NICU parent who lost her son to necrotizing enterocolitis in 2012 and founder and director of The NEC Society, wrote about the importance of parental presence in the NICU to ensure shared decision-making at the bedside.3 Both the Vermont Oxford Family Faculty and Canvasser asked that partnerships with parents to be recognized during these complicated times. As NICUs grappled with these decisions, NICUs could have looked to use guidance from experts, such as the Institute for Patient and Family-Centered Care (IPFCC), to help make sure that parents were included in decisions at both the bedside and at the hospital level through the use of the IPFCC's pandemic planning resources.6,7 As in most pandemic work environments, extended use of technology is already in place in the NICU and new online platforms played a major role in connecting with families due to limited parental presence.8 Technology may have been an appropriate early solution to parent engagement as units learned about the pandemic, yet it was never meant to replace in-person visits.9 Seeing their newborn during physical separation may have been helpful to parents; however, it was insufficient.5 Parental presence as an active caregiver fosters infants' security and parent–infant attachment.10 As neonatal nurses we must continue to advocate for parents to be fully involved in their newborn's care and ensure that parents feel supported throughout the NICU stay. That is why NANN has joined with the National Perinatal Association and the Association of Women's Health Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses Association in the Consensus Statement on Family Presence in Neonatal Intensive Care Units.11 During the pandemic, the parent/caregiver role has not been seen as “essential” and parental presence in the NICU was not as hardwired into our culture as many would have liked to believe. We must now fully embrace parents as “essential caregivers” to the care of their infants in the NICU and avoid slipping back into the habit of labeling parents as visitors. Parents need supported in their need to be able to routinely participate in their newborn's NICU care. We need to advocate for the holistic care of newborns, parents, and families to support our family-centered decisions at the unit, local, and national levels. Parents are essential; they must become the “constant” and not the “visitor.” It is now time for all neonatal clinicians to partner with parents so that infants and families can fully benefit from family-centered care. —Jodi Herron Behr, PhD, APRN, RNC-NIC, ACCNS-P Assistant Professor, Texas Woman's University —Debra Brandon, PhD, RN, CCNS, FAAN Co-Editor; Advances in Neonatal Care [email protected] —Jacqueline M. McGrath, PhD, RN, FNAP, FAAN Co-Editor; Advances in Neonatal Care [email protected]

Aprendizagens em espaços não formais e o empoderamento feminino

O estudo em tela insere-se numa perspectiva atual e importante de análise da realidade feminina no Brasil. Ao entender as vivências das mulheres de uma associação na Amazônia mato-grossense como protagonistas de suas vidas, a pesquisa aborda um tema de relevância no contexto da academia e também para a instrumentalização e a avaliação de políticas públicas na área. Este artigo, que aborda a participação das mulheres em associações como elemento para o empoderamento social, está apoiado em pesquisa empírica. A produção dos dados adveio de grupos focais. A Associação de Mulheres “Cantinho da Amazônia” está localizada na Amazônia mato-grossense, na região do arco do desmatamento, mais precisamente no assentamento “Vale do Amanhecer”, a 14 km da sede do município de Juruena, pertencente ao estado de Mato Grosso. O enfoque teórico proposto permite uma articulação entre as propostas de uma educação não formal, as vivências e práticas que alteram o coletivo da comunidade e os efeitos na vida das mulheres, sob a perspectiva do empoderamento. À luz das análises, constatou-se que as ações da associação por si só não levam ao empoderamento; contudo, elas possibilitam momentos que podem ser pontes para que os sujeitos desenvolvam habilidades para se fortalecerem e se conscientizarem coletivamente.

‘Staying in the Nationalist Bubble’

‘Staying in the Nationalist Bubble’