Association Of Serum Magnesium Levels Research Articles

Serum Magnesium Levels Are Negatively Associated with Obesity and Abdominal Obesity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Real-World Study.

There remains controversy over the relationship between serum magnesium levels and obesity in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess whether there is any association of serum magnesium levels with obesity and abdominal obesity in T2DM. This cross-sectional, real-world study was conducted in 8,010 patients with T2DM, which were stratified into quintiles according to serum magnesium levels. The clinical characteristics and the prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity were compared across serum magnesium quintiles in T2DM. Regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship of serum magnesium with obesity and abdominal obesity in T2DM (clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR1800015893). After adjustment for age, sex, and duration of diabetes, the prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity was significantly declined across magnesium quintiles (obesity: 51.3%, 50.8%, 48.9%, 45.3%, and 43.8%, respectively, P<0.001 for trend; abdominal obesity: 71.5%, 70.5%, 68.2%, 66.4%, and 64.5%, respectively, P=0.001 for trend). After controlling for confounders, there were clearly negative associations of serum magnesium levels and quintiles with obesity and abdominal obesity in T2DM. Moreover, C-reactive protein partly mediates the effect of serum magnesium on obesity and abdominal obesity (P=0.016 and P=0.004, respectively). The significantly negative relationship between serum magnesium and the risk of obesity and abdominal obesity was observed in T2DM. Furthermore, the independently negative association of serum magnesium with obesity may be explained by its anti-inflammatory functions. Serum magnesium levels may be applied to assess the risk of obesity and abdominal obesity in T2DM.

Association of serum magnesium levels with renal prognosis in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Magnesium deficiency is associated with various health conditions, but its impact on the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum magnesium levels and prognosis of renal function in CKD patients. This is an analysis of the Japan Chronic Kidney Disease Database Ex (J-CKD-DB-Ex), which is a multicenter prospective cohort including CKD patients enrolled from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2020. We included adult outpatients with CKD stage G3 and G4 at the time of initial magnesium measurement. Patients were classified by magnesium levels as low (<1.7mg/dl), normal (1.7-2.6mg/dl), or high (>2.6mg/dl). The primary outcomes were the composite of an eGFR<15ml/min/1.73m2 or a ≥30% reduction in eGFR from the initial measurement, which was defined as CKD progression. We applied the Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression hazard model to examine the association between magnesium levels and CKD progression. The analysis included 9868 outpatients during the follow-up period. The low magnesium group was significantly more likely to reach CKD progression. Cox regression, adjusting for covariates and using the normal magnesium group as the reference, showed that the hazard ratio for the low magnesium group was 1.20 (1.08-1.34). High magnesium was not significantly associated with poor renal outcomes compared with normal magnesium. Based on large real-world data, this study demonstrated that low magnesium levels are associated with poorer renal outcomes.

Association of serum magnesium levels with acute ischaemic stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a propensity score-matched case–control study

IntroductionMagnesium (Mg) deficiency has been found to be associated with many clinical conditions, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular diseases and likewise. Studies evaluating the association between serum...

Association of serum magnesium levels with seizure disorder; experience from central India

Magnesium is the fourth most abundant cation in the body. It has several functions in the human body including its role as a cofactor for more than 300 enzymatic reactions. Mg is a potential modulator of seizure activity because of its ability to antagonize the excitatory calcium influx through the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Low magnesium levels in people with refractory epilepsy can increase the frequency of seizures. Hence in our study we aim to study the association of serum magnesium levels with seizure disorders and compare it with matched controls. In our study 154 adult individuals were included with seizure patients to control ratio of 1:1. Serum Magnesium levels was estimated in all individuals and levels were compared between patients of seizure disorder and healthy controls. Mean serum magnesium level was significantly lower in patients of seizure disorder as compared to controls (p&amp;#60;0.01). We, also observed significantly lower calcium level amongst cases as compared to controls (p&amp;#60;0.05). The mean magnesium level within 24 hours of seizures was 1.47±0.50 mg/dl whereas as the duration since seizures increased, mean magnesium level increased. In our study we found significant association between seizures and serum magnesium levels, as low magnesium has been implicated in refractory seizures which are resistant to anti-epileptic drugs and magnesium supplementation in such patients may result in decrease in number of anti-epileptic drugs and better control of seizures.

U-shaped association of serum magnesium with mild cognitive impairment among hemodialysis patients: a multicenter study

Background The optimal serum magnesium level of patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) with cognitive impairment is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between serum magnesium levels and mild cognitive impairment among HD patients. Methods This was a multicenter observational study. Patients undergoing hemodialysis from 22 dialysis centers in Guizhou Province, China were recruited into the study. HD patients were divided into five groups according to serum magnesium quintile. Cognitive function was measured with Mini Mental State Examination. The outcome was an incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Multivariate logistic regression analysis, restricted cubic spline and subgroup analysis were applied to explore the association of serum magnesium level with MCI. Results Among 3562 HD patients (mean age 54.3 years, 60.1% male), the prevalence of MCI was 27.2%. After adjusting for confounders, serum magnesium 0.41–0.83 mmol/L [odds ratios (OR) 1.55, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10–2.18] had a higher risk of MCI compared with serum magnesium of 1.19–1.45 mmol/L. A U-shaped association was identified between the serum magnesium and incident MCI (P for non-linearity = 0.004). The optimal range of magnesium level with the lowest risk of MCI was 1.12–1.24 mmol/L. As the serum magnesium level was lower than 1.12 mmol/L, the risk of MCI decreased by 24% per standard deviation (SD) increase in serum magnesium (OR 0.76, 95%CI: 0.62–0.93); when the serum magnesium level exceeds 1.24 mmol/L, a rise per SD increased the risk of MCI by 21% (OR = 1.20, 95%CI: 1.02–1.43). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that the associations were robust among individuals with low educational level, smoking, living alone, no working, and without hypertension or diabetes. Conclusions Serum magnesium has a U-shaped association with MCI among HD patients. Both lower and higher serum magnesium can increase the risk of MCI for this population specifically. The optimal serum magnesium range with the lowest risk of MCI was 1.12–1.24 mmol/L.

Serum Magnesium Levels and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial Participants

Serum magnesium levels have been inversely yet inconsistently associated with cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. In this study, we examined the association of serum magnesium levels with CV outcomes in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) participants. Case-control post hoc analysis of SPRINT. A total of 2,040 SPRINT participants with available serum samples at baseline level were included in this study. Case participants (n=510) who experienced a CV event during the SPRINT observation period (median follow-up of 3.2 years) and control participants (n=1,530) without CV events were sampled in a 1:3 ratio for measurements of serum magnesium level at baseline and 2-year follow-up. Baseline serum magnesium levels and 2-year percentage change in serum magnesium levels (ΔSMg). SPRINT primary composite CV outcome. Multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis, accounting for matching factors, was used to evaluate the association of baseline and ΔSMg with CV outcomes. Individual matching of cases and controls was based on the SPRINT treatment arm allocation (standard vs intensive) and prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The median serum magnesium level at baseline was similar among the case and control groups. In a fully adjusted model, each standard deviation (SD) (0.18mg/dL) higher of the baseline serum magnesium level was independently associated with a lower risk for composite CV outcomes in all study participants (adjusted odds ratio 95% CI, 0.79 [0.70-0.89]). This association was similar when serum magnesium levels were analyzed in quartiles but dissipated in the standard (vs intensive) arm of SPRINT (0.88 [0.76-1.02] vs 0.65 [0.53-0.79], respectively; Pinteraction=0.06). The presence or absence of CKD at baseline did not modify this association. ΔSMg was not independently associated with CV outcomes occurring after 2 years. ΔSMg was small in magnitude, limiting effect size. Higher baseline serum magnesium levels were independently associated with reduced risk for CV outcomes in all study participants, but ΔSMg was not associated with CV outcomes.

337 Association of Serum Magnesium Level at Emergency Department Arrival and Favorable Neurologic Outcome for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Electrolyte disturbances are associated with sudden cardiac arrest based on several cohort studies. However, little is known about the association between serum magnesium (S-Mg) level at ED arrival and survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients.

A study on association of serum magnesium, serum uric acid levels and microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Microalbuminuria is multifactorial and it is an important marker for diabetic nephropathy. The aim of the study was to assess the incidence and association of serum magnesium levels, serum uric acid levels and microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 DM. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted for a period of 2 years from October 2015 to September 2017, where the patients diagnosed as type 2 DM admitted in AJIMS were taken up for the study. All the patients’ blood sample was sent for estimation of serum magnesium, serum uric acid, FBS, PPBS, HBA1C and urine spot albumin:creatinine ratio. Results:In our study, out of 100 patients with type 2 diabetes, 79 patients had microalbuminuria. Out of these, 83.3% (N=75) was having hypomagnesemia (p&lt;0.000) associated with microalbuminuria. Hyperuricemia was seen in 63% (N=63) of the population but 79.4% (N=50) hyperuricemics were associated with microalbuminuria(p&lt;0.000).Conclusions:There was a significant microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 DM, with reduced serum Mg levels and elevated serum uric acid levels as compared with patients who had serum Mg and uric acid levels within the normal range.

Abstract 10906: Association of Serum Magnesium Level on Emergency Department Arrival and Favorable Neurologic Outcome After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Introduction: Electrolyte disturbances are associated with sudden cardiac arrest based on several cohort studies. However little is known about the association between serum magnesium(S-Mg) level at ED arrival and survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients. Hypothesis: We hypothesized S-Mg level at ED arrival is associated with favorable neurologic outcome of OHCA patients. Methods: This is an observational study using Korean Cardiac Arrest Research Consortium (KoCARC) data from October 2015 to June 2020. EMS treated OHCA patients over 18 years old who survived to ICU admission were included. Those without S-Mg level were excluded. Exposure is S-Mg level at emergency department (ED) arrival and outcome was favorable neurologic outcome (cerebral performance category 1 or 2) at hospital discharge. S-Mg was categorized into three groups; Low group; 0-1.7mg/dl, Normal group;1.7-2.3mg/dl, High group; over 2.3mg/dl). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for outcome. Results: From total 10,897 OHCA patients, 2,789 patients survived to ICU admission and 1,370 patients had initial S-Mg result. Favorable neurologic outcome was 27.4% in low group, 55.7% in normal group and 23.0% in high group. After adjusting potential confounders in multivariable logistic analysis, compared to the normal group, AOR was 0.28 (95% CI 0.11-0.75) at low group and 0.43 (95% CI 0.23-0.82) at high group. Conclusion: Low (S-Mg less than 1.7 mg/dl) or high (S-Mg over 2.3mg/dl) S-Mg level measured initially at ED arrival for OHCA patients was associated with worse neurologic outcome compared to normal S-Mg level (S-Mg 1.7-2.3mg/dl). Based on this study, further study is needed to investigate the optimized S-Mg level for OHCA patient under resuscitation.

Magnesium Disorders and Prognosis in Heart Failure: A Systematic Review.

Magnesium is an essential mineral for the human body and plays an important role in cardiovascular health. Hypomagnesaemia has been linked with increased cardiovascular mortality in heart failure; however, previous studies have yielded conflicting results. Even fewer studies have addressed the association between hypermagnesemia and prognosis in heart failure. The aim of the present systematic review was to investigate the association of serum magnesium levels with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Cardiovascular morbidity, referring to heart failure rehospitalizations and ventricular arrhythmias, was also investigated. Eligible studies were identified by searching PubMed and Scopus. The Quality in Prognosis (QUIPS) tool was used to assess the quality of included studies. Eight studies (total of 13,539 patients with HFrEF) that assessed the effects of serum magnesium levels on cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular morbidity met inclusion criteria. In half of the studies, hypomagnesemia was found to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality, including sudden cardiac death. Only 1 study reported that hypermagnesemia (serum magnesium levels above 2.4 mg/dL) is a prognostic factor for noncardiac mortality suggesting that hypermagnesemia is more likely an indicator of comorbidities rather than a true independent prognostic marker. Finally, low serum magnesium levels were not associated with readmissions for heart failure or ventricular arrhythmias in patients with HFrEF.

SERUM MAGNESIUM CONCENTRATION IS REVERSELY ASSOCIATED WITH ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IN YOUNG ADULTS WITH HYPERTENSION

Objective: Magensium deficeincy is known as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, the data on it's role in arterial stiffness developement is controversial. Our aim was to investigate the association of serum magnesium levels with arterial stiffness in young hypertensive patients. Design and method: We included 94 adults 18–45 years old with masked and sustained hypertension verified with 24-hours ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). None of them were on blood pressure (BP) lowering treatment. We performed routine clinical investigation including anthropometry, biochemical blood assay, office BP measurement and ABPM. Atrerial stiffness was estimated with applanation tonometry and cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) measurement. To investigate the relationship between serum magnesium concentration and other variables we used Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results: Median age was 23[21–25] years, 79% were males, median body mass index - 24.9 [22.3;28.7]. Median serum magnesium level was 0,9 [0,84;0,94]. No significant associations were found for magnesium concentration and BP characteristics, neigher office, nor 24-hours. Pulse wave velocity was reversely associated with serum magensium level: (-0,184), p = 0,013. Magnesium concentration had also reverse significant correlation with CAVI (-0,300), p &lt; 0,001. These findings were independent of blood pressure levels, body mass index and insulin resistance. Conclusions: Serum magnesium concentration is reversely associated with pulse wave velocity and cardio-ankle vascular index in young patients with hypertension.

Association of serum magnesium levels with glycosylated hemoglobin and degree of neuropathy in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Introduction and Aim: Magnesium plays an important role in carbohydrate metabolism and insulin response. Deficiency of magnesium can increase the incidence of Type 2 DM and complications associated with it. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) has become the most common chronic diabetic complication affecting about half of the diabetic patients. DPN causes debilitating complications like foot ulcers, gangrene leading to lower limb amputation reducing the quality of life in Diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to find out the levels of serum magnesium in DPN and find its association with severity of neuropathy in DPN. Materials and Methods: Total 286 participants with signs and symptoms of DPN were recruited for the study. They were classified into different severity according to their VPT scoring. Fasting and Postprandial venous blood sample were collected for estimation of FBS, HbA1C, serum Magnesium and PPBS respectively. Serum magnesium was found in different severities of neuropathy in DPN. Correlation between serum magnesium, HbA1C and severity of DPN was done. Results: Mean serum magnesium was 1.62±0.38 mg/dL. There was statistically significant decrease in serum magnesium with an increase in severity of DPN. Significant correlation was seen between serum magnesium and FBS, PPBS, HbA1C and VPT scoring in DPN patients. Conclusion: Hypomagnesemia was found to be associated with DPN and its severity suggesting low serum magnesium may affect peripheral nerve function. Hence, regular monitoring of serum magnesium should be done to prevent chronic complications related to Type2 DM.

Association of serum magnesium levels with risk factors, severity and prognosis in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients.

Background:Stroke is the third leading cause of mortality worldwide. One of the factors that affect the occurrence of stroke can be attributed to changes in the levels of trace elements. Accumulating evidence has been shown that magnesium, as an important element, is a new predictor of stroke. We aimed to determine the levels of Mg in ischemic stroke patients in comparison with those having the hemorrhagic type.Methods:This study was conducted on 447 stroke patients. Demographic characteristics of patients, stroke severity, and risk factors such as hypertension, ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia were recorded. Stroke was diagnosed based on the neurological examination and neuroimaging findings e.g. computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The colorimetric technique was used to determine the concentration of Mg at 450 nm according to the commercial kit.Results:The mean of magnesium levels in ischemic patients was significantly higher than that in the hemorrhagic patients (P=0.001). Difference in magnesium status was associated with gender in thrombotic patients (P<0.05), while hyperlipidemia was associated with the status of magnesium in embolic patients (P=0.012). Furthermore, magnesium levels were correlated with ischemic heart disease in embolic (P=0.011) and sub-arachnoid hemorrhagic (SAH) patients (P=0.012), and with diabetes mellitus in thrombotic patients (P=0.012). Magnesium status was associated with the severity of ischemic stroke at the time of discharge in ischemic patients (P<0.001). Mg levels had the best area under curve (AUC) for the discrimination of ischemic patients from hemorrhagic ones.Conclusion:Magnesium levels were higher in ischemic patients compared to hemorrhagic ones, and these levels were associated with many risk factors contributing to a stroke. Magnesium may be used as a new predictor of stroke in ischemic patients as opposed to hemorrhagic ones.

The association of serum magnesium with serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels in hemodialysis patients

Introduction: Dysregulated lipid profile has been described in patients with chronic renal failure. Objectives: In the present study, we investigated the association of serum magnesium level with serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels in a group of hemodialysis individuals. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on hemodialysis patients referred to the Hajar hospital of Shahrekord (2015). Patients who have been on hemodialysis for at least three months and had a stable condition for the last two months were recruited. Serum levels of magnesium, cholesterol, and triglyceride were measured, and the data was analyzed. Results: Of 52 patients, 61.5% were males. The mean age of the patients was 60.17 ± 48.70 (range; 13-78) years and the mean dialysis duration was 44.39 ± 05.52 months. Serum magnesium was inversely and insignificantly correlated with serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Serum magnesium was significantly associated with serum albumin and parathormone. Conclusion: We found non-significant and inverse correlations of serum magnesium with serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The association between serum magnesium and dyslipidemia is contradictory, and further studies are required to divulge the role of other contributing factors.

Association of Serum Magnesium Levels with Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) Urine in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease Stage 1 and 2

Introduction: The progressiveness of stage 1 and 2 kidney disease is indicated by an increase in matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is characterized by a thuckening of the glomerular basement membrane followed ultimately by progression to glomerular sclerosis and fibrosis. One of the factors that contribute is magnesium levels. This study aimed to determine the association between serum magnesium levels and MMP-9 urine in patients with stage 1 and 2 DKD.Methods: This was a cross sectional study from stage 1 and 2 DKD patients. Patients were examined for serum magnesium levels and urine MMP-9. Urine MMP-9 examination was taken from the middle portion urine collection and examined using Sandwich-ELISA method then normalized with urine creatinine. The correlation between magnesium and MMP-9 urine was analyzed by the Spearman rank test.Results: This study involved 56 subjects. The mean serum magnesium level was 1.8 ± 0.26 mg/dL. The mean MMP-9 was 120 ng/g creatinin. The mean value of FBG (fasting blood glucose) in patients in the study was 153.29±50.22 mg/dL. The mean value of PPG (post prandial glucose) was 233.61±71.3 mg/dL. The mean HbA1c value was 7.6±1.13%. The mean creatinin serum value was 1.1±0.43 mg/dL. There was a significant negative relationship with a moderate correlation between serum magnesium levels and urine MMP-9 (p = 0.000, r -0.512).Conclusion: There was a significant negative relationship between serum magnesium levels and urine MMP-9 in stage 1 and 2 DKD patients.

Association of serum magnesium level with resistant hyperlipidemia in diabetic and hypertensive patients

Introduction: Both diabetes mellitus and hypertension are aspects of metabolic syndrome. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between serum magnesium level with resistant hyperlipidemia in a group of diabetic and hypertensive patients. Patients and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was carried out on 90 hypertensive and diabetic patients who referred to outpatient university clinic in Shahrekord (45 hypertensive and 45 diabetic patients). Included patients had high triglyceride levels despite 8 weeks of treatment with lipid-lowering agents. Results: There was an inverse significant relationship between serum magnesium and triglyceride levels in diabetic patients (P=0.002, r=-0.458), however, this correlation was not significant in hypertensive patients (P=0.754, r=0.048). Conclusion: This study showed, serum magnesium may affect triglycerides levels in diabetic patients, however, our finding requires further investigation with larger population.

Helicobacter pylori infection and serum magnesium in kidney disease; current concepts

One of the problems of renal disease patients, especially patients undergoing dialysis, is gastrointestinal complications caused by Helicobacter pylori infection. H. pylori has still high prevalence in most populations. It is estimated that about half of the world population is infected with this infection and it can change levels of most micronutrients such as magnesium. Different studies demonstrate that H. pylori may affect the metabolism of magnesium in renal failure. The present paper investigated the association of serum magnesium level with H. pylori infection. Nevertheless, it should be more evaluated by researchers and still many studies are necessary to confirm this issue.

To study association of serum magnesium levels with lipid profile in newly diagnosed cases of Type II Diabetes Mellitus in Sub-Himalayan region

To study association of serum magnesium levels with lipid profile in newly diagnosed cases of Type II Diabetes Mellitus in Sub-Himalayan region

Association of serum magnesium level with poor glycemic control and renal functions in Nepalese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

BackgroundHypomagnesaemia has been shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications. The present study investigated the association of hypomagnesaemia with T2DM and its complications in patients hailed mostly from the western hilly region of Nepal. MethodsThis study was conducted among 150 type 2 diabetic patients and 150 of non-diabetic controls between May to September 2016. Relevant demographic, anthropometric, physiological and biochemical variables were measured using standard protocols. Statistical analyses were performed by SPSS version 17.0. ResultsHypomagnesaemia (1.7±0.2mg/dl) was present in 50% of diabetic patients and none in the healthy controls (2.0±0.2mg/dl). It was inversely correlated with levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (r=−0.299), total cholesterol (r=−0.219), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (r=−0.168) and creatinine (r=−0.215) and directly correlated with serum creatinine based glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcr) (r=0.196). Subjects with hypomagnesaemia were significantly older (57.4±11.5years) and had higher levels of HbA1c (8.4±1.2%) and serum total cholesterol (248.3±72.0mg/dl). The methods of diabetes control did not have a significant influence on serum magnesium level. Patient’s age (OR: 1.05 (95% CI-1.01–1.09)), poor glycemic control (OR: 6.78 (95% CI-2.56–17.95)) and low eGFRcr (OR: 4.89 (95% CI-1.78–13.40)) were the significant predictors of hypomagnesaemia. ConclusionHalf of type 2 diabetic population under study had hypomagnesaemia without regard to the method of diabetes control. Old age, poor glycemic control, and low eGFRcr were the significant predictors of low serum magnesium in these patients. Besides their regular anti-diabetic treatment, clinicians should also consider dietary supplementation of magnesium to prevent further complications of diabetes in these patients.

Does Hypomagnesemia Impact on the Outcome of Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Hypomagnesemia is commonly seen but frequently overlooked in critically ill patients in intensive care unit (ICU). However, the strength and consistency of the effect of hypomagnesemia on outcomes in critically ill patients remain controversial. In this report, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association of serum magnesium level with prognosis of critically ill patients upon admission to the ICU. A comprehensive search for clinical trials was performed, and 10 studies comprising 1,122 cases and 630 controls were finally selected for analysis. The patients with hypomagnesemia had higher mortality rate (risk ratio [RR] 1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.54-2.00; P <0.00001), more frequently had sepsis (RR 2.04; 95% CI 1.21-3.42; P = 0.0007) and more frequent need for ventilatory support (RR 1.36; 95% CI 1.21 to 1.53; P <0.00001). Length of ICU stay was also higher in the hypomagnesemia group (RR 1.85; 95% CI 0.43- 3.26; P = 0.01). Collectively, our data indicated that hypomagnesemia appears associated with greater risk of mortality, sepsis, mechanical ventilation, and the length of ICU stay in patients admitted to ICU. The role of magnesium therapy for improving outcomes in critically ill patients is needed to further study.