Assessment Of Biochemical Changes Research Articles

Assessment of Biochemical Changes of Four Aspergillus Species Grown on the Medium from Agricultural Wastes

Hazardous disposal of agricultural wastes (AW) has adverse environmental consequences, including water and air pollution and the potential for disease outbreaks. On the other hand, the utilization of AW represents a missed opportunity to harness a valuable economic resource. This study was conducted with the objective of utilizing a composite medium comprising agricultural waste to cultivate Aspergillus species and assessing its impact on the species' internal chemical composition compared to malt extract media (ME). Our findings demonstrate that the agricultural waste-based medium is abundant in essential nutrients, including soluble proteins and sugars, and is also enriched with a variety of secondary metabolites. Consequently, this Change in the growth medium induces changes in the physical characteristics of fungal biomass, such as color and texture, along with a high content of biomass proteins and secondary metabolites, including phenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, and antioxidants. The A. avenaceous gave the highest biomass (1.1412 ± 0.4 g), while the A. niger gave the highest value of proteins (16.06 ± 0.4 mg/g), phenols (33.37 ± 0.8 mg/g), flavonoids (4.84 ± 0.4 mg/g), carotenoids (1.131 ± 0.09 mg/g). A. carbonarius gave the highest value of antioxidants (IC50 = 0.28 ± 0.06 mg/mL). In contrast, using malt extract as a growth medium results in high carbohydrate and lipid production; A. flavus showed the highest value for fats (56.6 ± 0.9 mg/g), whereas A. carbonarius showed the highest value for sugars (167.1 ± 6.2 mg/g). Additionally, the malt extract medium contributed to low levels of secondary metabolites, which was offset by an increase in the protein bands of the fungal species. This research recommends the use of agricultural wastes to grow fungi species as an environmentally and economically important microbiological application.

Assessment of Biochemical Changes Among Covid-19 Cases in a Tertiary Hospital of Bangladesh During Early Pandemic

Background: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) involves various organs of the body causing several biochemical changes which plays an essential role in estimating the patients’ condition and prognosis, directing treatment, and even evaluating the curative effects. The present study aimed to assess the biochemical changes among the COVID-19 patients during early pandemic. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Dhaka among purposively selected 237 confirm COVID-19 cases. Data were collected through face to face interview and review of medical records using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. The study was conducted in the Combined Military Hospital Dhaka from 15 April 2020 to 31 May 2020 Results: Highest number of the respondents were in the age group of 31-40 years (37.1%) with male predominance (83.1%). About 95.6% were Muslim and 58.6% were educated up to secondary level. About 87.8% had contact with a confirmed case and having 47.7%, 37.2%, 15.1% cardiovascular, endocrine and respiratory comorbidities respectively. Fever (34.6%) was the most common presenting symptoms followed by cough (22.9%), sore throat (10.6%). Neutrophilia observed in 26.16%, lymphopenia in 20.7%, thrombocytopenia in 14.3% cases, 30.0% with positive D-dimer test, 22.4% either sepsis or systemic infection in procalcitonin estimation, 28.3% with increased ferritin, 28.7% with positive C reactive protein, 21.1% with increased LDH. Chi-square analysis revealed a statistically significant association between cardiovascular and endocrine diseases with several biochemical changes (p<0.05). Conclusion: Early identification of various biochemical changes would help the physician for appropriate assessment and management. JOPSOM 2021; 40(1): 34-42

Ethanolic root extract of Rauwolfia serpentina alleviates copper induced genotoxicity and hepatic impairments in spotted snakehead fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch, 1793)

Aim: The present study was designed to evaluate the plausible efficacy of ethanolic extract of Rauwolfia serpentina to mitigate copper induced toxicity by investigating cytogenetic biomarkers, i.e., chromosome aberrations (CA) and micronucleus (MN) formation; assessment of biochemical changes in liver enzymes (SGOT, SGPT and ALP) and estimation of protein levels in a freshwater spotted snakehead fish(Channa punctatus). Methodology: The experiment was carried out in six groups, each having 15 specimens for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr. Group I served as control. Groups II and III were maintained with 3 mg l-1 of Rauwolfia root extract and 0.4 mg l-1 of Cu2+, respectively. Groups IV, V, and VI were simultaneously co-exposed with 0.4 mg l-1 of Cu2+ and three different concentrations of Rauwolfia root extract 1, 2 and 3 mg l-1, respectively. For the genotoxicity assessment, blood and kidney tissues were used. Hepatic impairments were assessed after each exposure period. Results: A significant increase (p<0.05) in chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei frequency, activity of liver enzymes (SGOT, SGPT and ALP) and a decrease in protein level were recorded in Group III in comparison to the control. Groups co-exposed with Cu2+and Rauwolfia serpentine showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in cytogenetic biomarkers, activity of liver enzymes and an increase in protein levels, as compared to Group III, with respect to control in a dose dependent manner. Interpretation: Thus, result of the present investigation establish the efficacy of R. serpentina root extract against Cu2+ induced toxicity in spotted snakehead (Channa punctatus).

Cartilage Matrix Changes in Hindfoot Joints in Chronic Ankle Instability Patients After Anatomic Repair Using T2-Mapping: Initial Experience With 3-Year Follow-Up.

Anatomic repair is widely accepted as the primary surgical treatment for chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI). T2-mapping is a powerful tool for quantitative assessment of biochemical changes in cartilage matrix. To longitudinally evaluate cartilage matrix changes in the hindfoot joints of CLAI patients before and after anatomic repair by using T2-mapping with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Prospective. Thirty-two CLAI patients (males/females=20/12) and 21 healthy controls (males/females=13/7). 3 T; sagittal multi-echo spin-echo technique (T2-mapping), coronal, sagittal, and axial spin-echo PD-FS, and sagittal T1WI sequences. MRI examinations were performed in CLAI patients at baseline (prior to surgery) and 3 years after anatomic repair and in healthy controls. On T2-maps, the hindfoot joints were segmented into 16 cartilage subregions. The T2 value of each subregion was measured. All patients were evaluated with the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scale at baseline and after surgery. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student's t-test were used. The differences corresponding to P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. At baseline, the T2 values in most cartilage subregions of talar dome and medial posterior subtalar joint (pSTJ) were higher in CLAI patients than in healthy controls. After surgery, only the T2 value of anteriomedial talar dome decreased from that at baseline (31.11 ± 3.88 msec vs. 34.27 ± 5.30 msec). The T2 values of other subregions with elevated T2 values remained higher than healthy controls. There were no significant differences in T2 values in the midtarsal joints between CLAI patients and healthy controls (P=0.262, 0.104, 0.169, 0.103). Postoperatively, the patients' AOFAS scores improved significantly from 67.81 to 89.13. CLAI patients exhibited elevated T2 values in most subregions of talar dome and medial pSTJ. After anatomic repair, although the patients exhibited good clinical outcomes, the elevated T2 values could not be fully recovered. 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 4.

Assessment of biochemical changes in normal and diabetic rats treated by phenolic enriched extracts of Juglans regia L. barks.

Juglans regia L. is largely used by diabetic population, but its bark is scarcely investigated. The major aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the hydro-methanolic extract and fractions of J.regia L. barks on normoglycemic and diabetic rats through the evaluation of some biochemical parameters. Phenolic enriched extracts were investigated for their effect on normoglycemic and diabetic rats through the determination of fasting blood glucose levels in short- and long-term. As well as plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, urea, creatinine, alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) levels were measured after 28days of treatment. Furthermore, the phytochemical composition was assessed by standard methods. Among the different extracts tested, the n-Butanol fraction presented the highest amounts of total phenolic, total flavonoids and flavonol contents (745±0.6mgGAEg-1, 162±0.78mgCEg-1 and 56.02±0.92mgQEg-1, respectively) and it found to be themost effective to decrease plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides and FGLs in treated diabetic rats in both short- and long-term treatment, mainly the dose 200mg/kg after 28days of treatment which found to be more effective than glibenclamide. This fraction also revealed pronounced improvement in liver and renal profiles. J.regia L. barks had an important antidiabetic role similar to the reference glibenclamide. This may be related to the high contents of phenolic compounds.

Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: Can MR Spectroscopy Be Helpful?

AbstractBackground: Spinal cord myelopathy can happen due to cord compression in variable situations. Understanding bio-chemical and metabolic changes in myelopathy are needed to expect treatment outcomes. The non-invasive technique of 1H-MRS can provide data about chemical microenvironment related to tissue metabolic changes by measuring of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), and creatine (Cr) [1-8].Aim of Study: The aim of current study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of 1H-MRS in the assessment of biochemical changes in cervical spondylotic myelopathy.Subjects and Methods: 26 subjects with cervical myelop-athy and 12 volunteers who were age-matched with no neu-rological problems were considered as control group. MR spectroscopy was done and analysis of MRS to detect NAA (2.0ppm), Cho (3.25ppm), Cr (3.03ppm) and Lactate (Lac) (1.32ppm). Recording of NAA/Cr as well as Cho/Cr were done.Results: Detection of peak of lactate was possible in 10 patients; however no lactate peak was noted in the members of control group.The NAA/Cr ratio was recorded and comparison was done between patient and control group and showed significant difference as the mean NAA/Cr in control subjects equaled 1.87±0.05 versus 1.33±0.057 for patient group (p<0.0001) Figs. (2-6).Furthermore mean NAA/Cr ratio in subjects with lactate peak was lower than that in patients without such peak (1.268±0.028 versus 1.365±0.034) with significant difference (p<0.0001).There was no significant difference between the mean Cho/Cr ratio in patient group and control group (mean= 0.783±0.065 versus 0.764±0.049, p=0.38).Also the mean ratio of Cho/Cr of lactate peak patients was not significantly different from those without lactate (0.79±0.074 versus 0.77±0.061, p=0.44).Conclusion: MRS can provide good data about the meta-bolic changes in patients with Cervical Spondylotic Myelop-athy (CSM).

Assessment of Biochemical Changes in Spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) Subjected to Varying Water Regimes

It is known that leafy vegetables including spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) contain relatively high amount of water, therefore, their water requirement during the life cycle is comparatively more than the other vegetables. In addition, there is an association between osmoprotection and antioxidants with reference to drought stress tolerance. Keeping in mind these facts, the present study was conducted to assess the changes in plant growth, osmoprotectants, chlorophyll pigments and activities/levels of antioxidative system in spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) grown under varying water deficit regimes with 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% field capacity (FC). Imposition of varying water regimes significantly decreased shoot and root fresh and dry weights, shoot plus root lengths, and chlorophyll b contents of spinach plants. Increase in proline, glycinebetaine (GB), total phenolics, ascorbic acid and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase were observed in the spinach plants particularly at 40% FC. The most effective level of water stress for elevating the proline, GB and antioxidant levels/activities was observed at 40% FC followed by 60% FC. Hence, the results of this study suggested that upregulation of antioxidants and osmoprotectants is positively associated with the drought tolerance of spinach which depends on the severity of water stress level. These results can be used to narrow the gap between selection of plant species and requirement of irrigated water for the crops grown on dry land areas.

CLINICO-BIOCHEMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE IN INDIVIDUALS OF THE CONTROL GROUP

Periodontal diseases are widespread all over the world. In this connection, the questions relating to the prevalence of these diseases, and the subtle mechanisms occurring in tissues in norm at the subcellular level it is important to investigate for a correct assessment of biochemical changes occurring in the pathology ofperiodontitis. The article analyzes the biochemical changes in the periodontal tissues with intact tooth rows and periodontium. Material for biochemical analysis obtained from 36 patients, while removing the first premolars with the aim of orthodontic treatment.

Development of thin skin mimicking bilayer solid tissue phantoms for optical spectroscopic studies.

In vivo spectroscopic measurements have the proven potential to provide important insight about the changes in tissue during the development of malignancies and thus help to diagnose tissue pathologies. Extraction of intrinsic data in the presence of varying amounts of scatterers and absorbers offers great challenges in the development of such techniques to the clinical level. Fabrication of optical phantoms, tailored to the biochemical as well as morphological features of the target tissue, can help to generate a spectral database for a given optical spectral measurement system. Such databases, along with appropriate pattern matching algorithms, could be integrated with in vivo measurements for any desired quantitative analysis of the target tissue. This paper addresses the fabrication of such soft, photo stable, thin bilayer phantoms, mimicking skin tissue in layer dimensions and optical properties. The performance evaluation of the fabricated set of phantoms is carried out using a portable fluorescence spectral measurement system. The alterations in flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-a tissue fluorophore that provides important information about dysplastic progressions in tissues associated with cancer development based on changes in emission spectra-fluorescence with varied concentrations of absorbers and scatterers present in the phantom are analyzed and the results are presented. Alterations in the emission intensity, shift in emission wavelength and broadening of the emission spectrum were found to be potential markers in the assessment of biochemical changes that occur during the progression of dysplasia.

English

English

Biochemical changes on the repair of surgical bone defects grafted with biphasic synthetic micro-granular HA + β-tricalcium phosphate induced by laser and LED phototherapies and assessed by Raman spectroscopy

This work aimed the assessment of biochemical changes induced by laser or LED irradiation during mineralization of a bone defect in an animal model using a spectral model based on Raman spectroscopy. Six groups were studied: clot, laser (λ = 780nm; 70mW), LED (λ = 850 ± 10nm; 150mW), biomaterial (biphasic synthetic micro-granular hydroxyapatite (HA) + β-tricalcium phosphate), biomaterial + laser, and biomaterial + LED. When indicated, defects were further irradiated at a 48-h interval during 2weeks (20J/cm2 per session). At the 15th and 30th days, femurs were dissected and spectra of the defects were collected. Raman spectra were submitted to a model to estimate the relative amount of collagen, phosphate HA, and carbonate HA by using the spectra of pure collagen and biomaterials composed of phosphate and carbonate HA, respectively. The use of the biomaterial associated to phototherapy did not change the collagen formation at both 15 and 30days. The amount of carbonate HA was not different in all groups at the 15th day. However, at the 30th day, there was a significant difference (ANOVA, p = 0.01), with lower carbonate HA for the group biomaterial + LED compared to biomaterial (p < 0.05). The phosphate HA was higher in the groups that received biomaterial grafts at the 15th day compared to clot (significant for the biomaterial; p < 0.01). At the 30th day, the phosphate HA was higher for the group biomaterial + laser, while this was lower for all the other groups. These results indicated that the use of laser phototherapy improved the repair of bone defects grafted with the biomaterial by increasing the deposition of phosphate HA.

Assessment of biochemical changes of elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) pickles during storage

Assessment of biochemical changes of elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) pickles during storage

Assessment of Biochemical Changes in Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) among Saudi Population at KAMC-Riyadh

Assessment of Biochemical Changes in Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) among Saudi Population at KAMC-Riyadh

Biochemical Changes in Orange Fruit Due to Plant – &lt;i&gt;Penicillium italicum&lt;/i&gt; – Antagonism Interactions

One of the most important orange fruit diseases is blue mold which cause by Penicillium italicum that is responsible for important economic losses. This study investigated biochemical changes in exo-mesocarp layers of orange fruits related to host- pathogen- yeast interactions. Initial result showed that among eight strains isolated, the most effective antagonist were belonged to two species of Pichia kluyveri (M45) and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (M61). These isolates were selected for biochemical evaluation. In order to assessment of biochemical changes, the orange fruits were inoculated with 40 µl of yeast cell suspension and after 24 h, the wounds were inoculated with 20 µl of conidial suspension of P. italicum. The analysis of variance showed that all of the measured biochemical characterises were significant in both layers by treatments (yeast isolates; pathogen; yeast isolates + pathogen and control) (P ≤ 0.01), including POD, CAT and β-1, 3-glucanase activities and total phenolic compounds. Also result showed that when the yeast isolates (M45 or M54) were inoculated into wounds with the pathogen, it stimulated the orange to increase produce of total phenol and enzymes activity (POD, CAT and β-1, 3-glucanase) and these changes were related to incubation time. The result showed that understanding biochemical mechanism derived from plant-pathogen-antagonist interactions is essential for investigating the dynamics of infectious processes.

Biochemical Changes in Orange Fruit Due to Plant – &lt;i&gt;Penicillium italicum&lt;/i&gt; – Antagonism Interactions

One of the most important orange fruit diseases is blue mold which cause by Penicillium italicum that is responsible for important economic losses. This study investigated biochemical changes in exo-mesocarp layers of orange fruits related to host - pathogen - yeast interactions. Initial result showed that among eight strains isolated, the most effective antagonist were belonged to two species of Pichia kluyveri (M45) and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (M61). These isolates were selected for biochemical evaluation. In order to assessment of biochemical changes, the orange fruits were inoculated with 40 µl of yeast cell suspension and after 24 h, the wounds were inoculated with 20 µl of conidial suspension of P. italicum. The analysis of variance showed that all of the measured biochemical characterises were significant in both layers by treatments (yeast isolates; pathogen; yeast isolates + pathogen and control) (P ≤ 0.01), including POD, CAT and β-1, 3-glucanase activities and total phenolic compounds. Also result showed that when the yeast isolates (M45 or M54) were inoculated into wounds with the pathogen, it stimulated the orange to increase produce of total phenol and enzymes activity (POD, CAT and β-1, 3-glucanase) and these changes were related to incubation time. The result showed that understanding biochemical mechanism derived from plant-pathogen-antagonist interactions is essential for investigating the dynamics of infectious processes.

ATR-FTIR spectroscopy for the assessment of biochemical changes in skin due to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Nonmelanoma skin cancers represent 95% of cutaneous neoplasms. Among them, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the more aggressive form and shows a pattern of possible metastatic profile. In this work, we used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy to assess the biochemical changes in normal skin caused by squamous cell carcinoma induced by multi-stage chemical carcinogenesis in mice. Changes in the absorption intensities and shifts were observed in the vibrational modes associated to proteins, indicating changes in secondary conformation in the neoplastic tissue. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to evaluate the potential of the technique to differentiate the spectra of neoplastic and normal skin tissue, so that the accuracy obtained for this classification was 86.4%. In this sense, attenuated total reflection (ATR)-FTIR spectroscopy provides a useful tool to complement histopathological analysis in the clinical routine for the diagnosis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Effect of decahedron silver nanoparticles on the state of system of pro- and antioxidant protection in rats

There was carried out the assessment of biochemical changes of blood and liver tissue of experimental rats as a result of subacute effect of silver nanoparticles (SNP), which were received by photostimulated method. Following intraperitoneal injections of 45 nm decahedron-shape silver nanoparticles in dosages 5 and 10 mg/kg it was observed the doserelated increasing of malonic aldehyde and multidirectional changes of catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity of rat’s blood and liver. We found changes of catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity and malonic aldehyde level testifying about the unbalance of adaptational organism’s mechanisms. They may be connected with an increase of oxidative stress. Besides that, intraperitoneal injections of 45 nm decahedron-shape silver nanoparticles in different dosages led to a significant doserelated increasing of alkaline phosphatase and cholesterol.

Serial assessment of biochemical changes in irradiated red blood cells

Transfusion associated graft vs host disease (TA-GVHD) is delayed effect of blood component therapy with a very high mortality rate. The use of irradiated blood components is the only proven method to prevent TA-GVHD in susceptible patients. Our study was designed to analyze the quality of irradiated PRBCs in terms of their biochemical parameters during a storage period up to 28 days post irradiation. A total of 80 PRBC units were analyzed, 40 units each stored in CPDA-1 and additive solution-SAGM. The units were evaluated serially for the following biochemical parameters, plasma/ supernatant potassium, sodium, pH, glucose, lactate, plasma/supernatant hemoglobin and red cell ATP. We further evaluated the differences in these parameters between units irradiated on day 1 and day 7 of storage and stored these units up to 28 days and 35 days respectively. Ten units in each group were used as control. The assessment was done at weekly intervals from the day of irradiation. Within each group of red cells, there was a rise in mean concentration of plasma potassium (K(+)) from day 1 to last day of storage. There was a highly significant difference (P<0.01) between irradiated and control units after first week of storage in both types of PRBCs. Irradiated CPDA-1 PRBC had significantly higher (K(+)) than irradiated SAGM PRBC. Intergroup comparison revealed significantly higher (P<0.05) mean hemoglobin in irradiated CPDA-1 PRBC as compared to SAGM PRBC. The mean pH was significantly higher (P<0.05) in irradiated CPDA-1 PRBC as compared to irradiated SAGM PRBC only on day 7 of storage. ATP levels significantly decreased in irradiated units as compared to control units. SAGM PRBCs had significantly higher (P<0.05) mean ATP concentration than CPDA-1PRBCs. Our study demonstrates that SAGM-PRBCs show better stability after irradiation compared to CPDA-1 PRBCs. The limits of safety for CPDA-1 PRBCs appear to be two weeks after irradiation. SAGM-PRBCs on the other hand show acceptable limits of safety up to three weeks of irradiation. The shelf life of irradiated PRBCs may vary depending upon the storage solution and day of irradiation.

Assessment of biochemical changes among Egyptian women with increased body weight

Background: Obesity is a condition that results from chronic disruption of energy balance where energy intake continuously exceeds energy expenditure and accumulation of body fat results Objective: We evaluated the relationships between ghrelin and leptin with the metabolic state of normal weight, overweight, and obese Egyptian women. Methods: We studied 82 subjects with ages from 43 to 65. They were free of endocrine-related disease and divided into three groups according to their body mass index (BMI), group 1 with BMI less than 25 kg/m2, group 2 with BMI between 25 to 30 kg/m2, and group 3 with BMI more than 30 kg/m2. Ghrelin and leptin were determined by ELISA technique. Insulin resistance was measured by homeostasis model assessment. Lipid profile was determined in all groups. Results: Fasting plasma levels of ghrelin were lower in overweight and obese groups compared to normal weight control group. There was statistically significant negative correlation of ghrelin levels with leptin, BMI and HOMA. Results showed that higher concentrations of fasting leptin were found in overweight and obese groups compared with the normal weight control group. There was statistically significant positive correlation between leptin and other biochemical parameters, insulin, BMI, and HOMA. Conclusion: Ghrelin and leptin may be associated with obesity. These markers can be of value when assessing management. Keywords: Ghrelin, HOMA, leptin, obesity

Original article. Assessment of biochemical changes among Egyptian women with increased body weight

Original article. Assessment of biochemical changes among Egyptian women with increased body weight