Abstract
In vivo spectroscopic measurements have the proven potential to provide important insight about the changes in tissue during the development of malignancies and thus help to diagnose tissue pathologies. Extraction of intrinsic data in the presence of varying amounts of scatterers and absorbers offers great challenges in the development of such techniques to the clinical level. Fabrication of optical phantoms, tailored to the biochemical as well as morphological features of the target tissue, can help to generate a spectral database for a given optical spectral measurement system. Such databases, along with appropriate pattern matching algorithms, could be integrated with in vivo measurements for any desired quantitative analysis of the target tissue. This paper addresses the fabrication of such soft, photo stable, thin bilayer phantoms, mimicking skin tissue in layer dimensions and optical properties. The performance evaluation of the fabricated set of phantoms is carried out using a portable fluorescence spectral measurement system. The alterations in flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-a tissue fluorophore that provides important information about dysplastic progressions in tissues associated with cancer development based on changes in emission spectra-fluorescence with varied concentrations of absorbers and scatterers present in the phantom are analyzed and the results are presented. Alterations in the emission intensity, shift in emission wavelength and broadening of the emission spectrum were found to be potential markers in the assessment of biochemical changes that occur during the progression of dysplasia.
Highlights
Optical spectroscopic techniques based on fluorescence, have the potential to provide tissue discrimination during disease progression [1,2,3,4]
In such a turbid medium, intrinsic fluorescence extraction of individual fluorophores is hindered by the complex interplay of several factors like absorption and scattering from non-fluorescing agents within different sub layers of tissue [11]
We have investigated the factors affecting the extraction of intrinsic flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) fluorescence from epidermal layer of tissues for diagnosis of dysplasia by creating skin tissue mimicking bilayer, thin, soft, solid phantoms with desired optical properties which closely match with the optical properties of major constituents found in skin tissue
Summary
Optical spectroscopic techniques based on fluorescence, have the potential to provide tissue discrimination during disease progression [1,2,3,4]. Biological tissues are inhomogeneous structures, composed of complex milieu of several absorbers, scatterers and fluorophores that are present in different concentration at different depths [9, 10]. In such a turbid medium, intrinsic fluorescence extraction of individual fluorophores is hindered by the complex interplay of several factors like absorption and scattering from non-fluorescing agents within different sub layers of tissue [11]. In order to quantitatively analyze fluorescence from tissues for diagnosis, it is important to obtain the intrinsic fluorescence independent of these interfering factors
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
