Asian Girl Research Articles

Diagnosis of Arboleda-Tham syndrome by whole-exome sequencing in an Asian girl with severe developmental delay.

This study aims to report a severe phenotype of Arboleda-Tham syndrome in a 20-month-old girl, characterized by global developmental delay, distinct facial features, intellectual disability. Arboleda-Tham syndrome is known for its wide phenotypic spectrum and is associated with truncating variants in the KAT6A gene. To diagnose this case, a combination of clinical phenotype assessment and whole-exome sequencing technology was employed. The genetic analysis involved whole-exome sequencing, followed by confirmation of the identified variant through Sanger sequencing. The whole-exome sequencing revealed a novel de novo frameshift mutation c.3048del (p.Leu1017Serfs*17) in the KAT6A gene, which is classified as likely pathogenic. This mutation was not found in the ClinVar and HGMD databases and was not present in her parents. The mutation leads to protein truncation or activation of nonsense-mediated mRNA degradation. The mutation is located within exon 16, potentially leading to protein truncation or activation of nonsense-mediated mRNA degradation. Protein modeling suggested that the de novo KAT6A mutation might alter hydrogen bonding and reduce protein stability, potentially damaging the protein structure and function. This study expands the understanding of the genetic basis of Arboleda-Tham syndrome, highlighting the importance of whole-exome sequencing in diagnosing cases with varied clinical presentations. The discovery of the novel KAT6A mutation adds to the spectrum of known pathogenic variants and underscores the significance of this gene in the syndrome's pathology.

디아스포라 작가의 소설에서 호랑이 메타포의 활용 양상 - 태 켈러, 『호랑이를 덫에 가두면』과 김주혜, 『작은 땅의 야수들』을 중심으로

Korean American writer Tae Keller's When You Trap a Tiger and Juhea Kim’s Beasts of a Little Land appropriate or re-appropriate tiger metaphors in tales, such as “The Siblings Who Became the Sun and the Moon,”“Dangun Myth,”and “a tiger of filial devotion.” The results of this study on this metaphor patterns can be summarized into the following five categories: First, the tiger represents the history of the pain experienced by modern and contemporary Koreans and the undivided Korean Peninsula. History, however dark and sad, needs to be told rather than bottled up, and the divided Korean Peninsula is likened to the extinction of tigers.
 Second, the tiger symbolizes the god of death. In When You Trap a Tiger, the grandmother and Lily communicate with the god of death to perform the painful task of moving forward. In Beasts of a Little Land, JungHo dreams of being buried in the sand of time at the back of a tiger reaper before execution.
 Third, a person who communicates spiritually with the tiger's yellow eyes can break the ego’s shell and obtain a third eye to understand the other. In When You Trap a Tiger, Lily accepts the tiger's eyes in her inner self before her grandmother's dying bed and realizes the meaning of life through death. In Beasts of a Little Land, the protagonist, JungHo, and his father practice ultimate benevolence in spiritual communication beyond the fear of death.
 Fourth, the tiger is used figuratively as the destructive energy of a shadow or prototypical anima. In When You Trap a Tiger, Lily needs Shadow power to break through the persona of the "Quiet Asian Girl." In Beasts of a Little Land, the tiger represents a mythical eternal mother to whom JungHo and Jade must approach their individuation process approximately.
 Finally, the tiger gives meaning and purpose to life and provides archetypical motifs for reconstructing self-narratives, moving toward healing and growth. Thanks to the tiger’s guidance, Lily can embrace herself and tame her inner tiger. JungHo lives a life of constantly approaching his archetype of a “Righteous Tiger,” overcoming loneliness and fear.

Eight-year chronic wound caused by Tarlov’s cyst: a case report

BackgroundTarlov’s cyst is often underdiagnosed since it is difficult to identify without imaging assistance. Herein, we report the case of a young girl who presented with an 8-year history of chronic osteomyelitis of bilateral proximal phalanges and metatarsal bones caused by a Tarlov’s cyst that did not contain a nerve root. The chronic wound in the forefoot is an unusual presentation and resulted from the Tarlov’s cyst accompanied with tethered conus syndrome.Case presentationA 10-year-old Asian girl presented with an 8-year history of chronic osteomyelitis of bilateral proximal phalanges and metatarsal bones. She received sequestrectomy five times, however the immune function tests were all normal. A neurological examination revealed diminished sensation and a slapping gait pattern. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a lobulated cyst at the right aspect of the sacrum (S) 1 to sacrum (S) 3 canal near the dorsal root ganglion. Tethered conus syndrome was highly suspected. She received laminectomy of lumbar (L) 5 and S1–S2, which led to the diagnosis of a right S1–S3 epidural cyst. The final diagnosis from the histopathological examination was a right sacral Tarlov’s cyst. The clinical conditions of diminished sensation and slapping gait pattern greatly improved after successful surgical treatment.ConclusionIn children who present with a recalcitrant chronic wound in the forefoot accompanied with a slapping gait pattern and foot hypoesthesia to pain, aggressive imaging examinations such as spine MRI should be arranged for further evaluation, especially in immunocompetent children.

Rare case of refractory mixed autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a 6-year-old child: a case report

BackgroundMixed autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) shows combined clinical and laboratory characteristics of warm and cold AIHA. It is relatively uncommon in children. Consequently, knowledge about mixed AIHA prevalence, clinical presentation, treatment options, and prognosis in children is limited to very few case reports.Case presentationWe describe a six-year-old Asian girl presenting with profound anemia, blood group typing discrepancy and crossmatch incompatibility, post upper respiratory tract infection. Detection of red cell warm and cold reactive autoantibodies, led to the diagnosis of mixed AIHA. Autoantibodies with laboratory evidence of hemolysis persisted despite high dose steroid therapy. Due to the inability to wean further, the patient was subsequently commenced on mycophenolate mofetil to which she seems to be responding.ConclusionsMixed AIHA may be notoriously difficult to diagnose and treat. Detailed clinical and laboratory work-up is essential to establish the diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of mixed AIHA following upper respiratory tract infection. Awareness of this occurrence is important, as similar to warm AIHA, mixed AIHA should be treated immediately by early initiation of steroid therapy. In addition, prompt supportive care as well as long-term clinical follow-up are required to improve outcomes of these cases.

Confronting Anti-Asian Racism in Art and Visual Culture Education

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsRyan ShinRyan Shin, Professor, Art and Visual Culture Education, School of Art, University of Arizona in Tucson. Email: shin@email.arizona.eduJaehan BaeJaehan Bae, Professor of Art Education, Department of Art, University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh in Oshkosh. Email: baej@uwosh.eduBorim SongBorim Song, Associate Professor of Art Education, School of Art & Design, East Carolina University in Greenville, North Carolina. Email: songb@ecu.eduNotes1 A popular trope stereotyping Asian women is the Dragon Lady, featured as cunning and deceitful. The Dragon Lady uses her sexuality as a powerful tool of manipulation but often is emotionally and sexually cold and threatens masculinity. A contemporary example of the Dragon Lady is the Japanese Yakuza leader O-Ren Ishii (played by Lucy Liu) in Kill Bill: Vol. 1 (Tarantino, 2003 Tarantino, Q. (Director). (2003). Kill Bill Vol. 1 [Film]. Miramax. [Google Scholar]). Another popular stereotype is the Lotus of Blossom. Memoirs of a Geisha (Marshall, 2005 Marshall, R. (Director). (2005). Memoirs of a geisha [Film]. Columbia Pictures. [Google Scholar]) epitomizes the Lotus of Blossom (sometimes called the China Doll) trope as feminine, shy, fragile, subservient, and sexually submissive. In Mean Girls (Waters, 2004 Waters, M. (Director). (2004). Mean girls [Film]. Paramount Pictures. [Google Scholar]), the names of two Asian girl students are Trang Pak (played by Ky Pham) and Sun Jin Dinh (played by Danielle Nguyen); both these names are mash-ups of Vietnamese and Korean family names. In this film, the most problematic story of Asian woman stereotypes is that the two Asian high schoolers (Trang Pak and Sun Jin Dinh) are both entangled in a romance with their much older White gym teacher, Coach Carr (played by Dwayne Hill), a joke that underlines the fetishizing of Asian women.2 The series of Asian women portrait posters can be downloaded at https://www.istillbelieve.nyc/downloads.3 Monyee Chau’s poster can be downloaded at https://www.chinesebornamerican.com/weareresilient.4 All student names in this article are pseudonyms.

Right-side diaphragmatic eventration with atrial septa defect and cleft palate in an infant: a case report

BackgroundCongenital right-side diaphragmatic eventration with atrial septal defect and cleft palate is a rare congenital anomaly.Case presentationWe present a rare case of congenital right-sided diaphragmatic eventration along with atrial septal defect, cleft palate, pneumonia, and undernutrition in a 3-month-old Asian and Afghan girl. The clinical features were observed in the third month of life, and the diagnosis of these anomalies was established by the patient’s history, physical examination, chest X-ray, thoracic computed tomography, and echocardiography. Her condition was good after supportive treatment. Since the index case of diaphragmatic eventration was associated with congenital heart disease, cleft palate, and parental consanguinity, a genetic basis may have played an important role in the pathogenesis of this anomaly.ConclusionEventration of the diaphragm may be diagnosed in early infancy, and genetic factors may contribute to its pathogenesis.

A Study on the ABG, a Racialized, Gendered Social Label

The Asian Baby Girl (ABG), a racialized and gendered social label, is a recent socialphenomenon occurring within the Asian American community. It is a new Asian Americanarchetype amongst the Dragon Lady, China Doll, and Lotus Blossom that targets and constructsracialized femininity. Hinging on its visual appearance, the ABG is a persona whoseperformance evokes positive and negative connotations due to its ability to subvert AsianAmerican stereotypes and create a hybridized Asian American persona, while also creating newand restraining stereotypes imposed onto Asian American women. This study intends toinvestigate how this new racialized and gendered social label, the ABG persona, impacts theexperiences of Asian American women by focusing on the allure and rejection of the label, andthe operation of this label under the male gaze and within academic and professional settings.

Maladaptive daydreaming in Individuals with Disorganized Attachment Style: A Case Report

Maladaptive daydreaming is an unrecognized clinical syndrome that encompasses an unhealthy use of fantasy. Hereunder we report on the case of a 19-year-old South Asian girl with a disorganized attachment style who adopted Maladaptive daydreaming as a coping mechanism. The patient sought fantastical proximity with a famous personality to compensate for the lack of an inclination to pursue a healthy romantic relationship in real life. Deteriorating relationships with friends and family, social anxiety, and cascades of unimpressive academic performances prompted the patient to browse for answers on the internet. She discovered the 16-item Maladaptive Daydreaming scale (MDS-16) on which she scored above the cut-off score. Subsequent psychotherapy sessions wherein she was encouraged to journal her MD breaks and practice mindfulness meditation led to the patient reporting significant improvements in her professional and personal life and better control over her yearnings to daydream. We report this case to raise awareness for a disorder that shows semblances of behavioral addiction and risks being misdiagnosed or even undetected in some clinical contexts.

A proposed feasible classification of common bile duct duplications based on a newly described variant and review of existing literature

BackgroundDuplication of the common bile duct (CBD) is extremely rare among the anatomical variations in the biliary tract system, which presents a septum within the CBD or an accessory CBD. In our study, we report a rare case of duplication of the common bile duct combined congenital biliary dilatation.we present a rare case of a septum in the dilated biliary tract.Case presentationWe reported a 5-year-old Asian girl who had history of repeated abdominal pain for 4 days and aggravated for 1 day. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) examination revealed duplicated common bile duct (DCBD) malformation with congenital biliary dilatation and distal cholelithiasis. The patient underwent choledochal cyst resection and biliary tract reconstruction and abdominal cavity irrigation and drainage under general anesthesia. A septum was found within the common bile duct during the operation. The septum divided the extrahepatic bile duct into two parts connected to the left and right hepatic ducts respectively and the gallbladder is attached to the repeated right bile duct which was not previously reported in the literature.ConclusionsWe complement and adjust the classification of common bile duct duplication by reviewing the literature.

Prolonged Neonatal Jaundice with umbilical hernia: A cause not to be missed.

A 5-week-old Chinese–Southeast Asian girl presented to the clinic for a routine follow-up. She is the second child of nonconsanguineous parents and was born at 37 weeks gestation weighing 2.6 kg. During the follow-up visit, she weighed 3.7 kg (10th percentile) and measured 51.0 cm (10th percentile) in length. Her head circumference was 34.6 cm (3rd–10th percentile). She had a satisfactory weight gain of 40 g daily after the first week of life. Her physical examination was normal except for significant jaundice and an umbilical hernia (Fig. 1).

Jazz Feminism is to Soul as Purple is to Lavender

Jazz Feminism is to <i>Soul</i> as Purple is to Lavender

코로나19 팬데믹과 아시아라는 스타일

The anti-Asian racism that has manifested during the coronavirus pandemic recalls the long history of Asian racialization. It recalls the ways in which Asians have been imagined as a doubled figure to bear both racial otherness and historical transformation. The anti-Asian racism also hearkens back to the liminal space inhabited by the Asian body, a precarious position between human and inhuman. The Asian body exists as a sign, not an entity, on which a series of epidermal racial markers appear and onto which all the anxieties around the virus are projected in the displaced form of hate. As an anthropomorphized form for this pandemic’s complex relation to human life, the Asiatic figure becomes a synecdoche for the unprecedented crisis in its retention of these old racial markers. Chang-rae Lee’s On Such a Full Sea (2014) stages this blurred line in the category of race between discrimination (difference) and indiscrimination (identity) through the adventure of a “tiny” Asian girl, Fan. Analyzing the way in which Lee delves into Fan’s unique animacy, this paper argues that On Such a Full Sea stylizes the figure of Asia in two ways. First, the writer coordinates, both in the text’s form and content, the unique feature of Asian racialization in which the Asiatic figure is imagined as an emblem of crisis. Second, through Fan’s movement and its impact upon other characters, Lee also renders the style as a mode of response to affective disturbances of the present and thereby shapes Fan as an embodiment of the crisis style.

Review: Crying in H Mart: A Memoir, by Michelle Zauner

Review: <i>Crying in H Mart: A Memoir</i>, by Michelle Zauner

A giant juvenile fibroadenoma in a 12-year-old girl: Case report and brief literature review

Juvenile fibroadenoma is the most common breast mass in adolescents accounting for 0.5–4% of all cases of fibroadenomas. Giant fibroadenomas are rare variants and represent only 0.5% of all fibroadenomas, usually occurring in girls between the ages of 10 and 18. They are characterized by massive and rapid enlargement of a rubbery, mobile, and non-tender mass and defined as being larger than 5 cm or weighing more than 500 g. The aetiology is not well understood and is believed to be an increased sensitivity to normal oestrogen level. We present a 12-year-old Asian girl treated at the age of 8 for idiopathic precocious puberty, without known family history of breast masses or cancers, who developed spontaneous giant fibro-adenoma measuring 15cm X 17 cm. The patient was further evaluated via ultrasonography showing a sole large lesion of 15 X 17 cm in the left breast. Surgical excision with conservation of the developing breast parenchyma and nipple-areolar complex under general anaesthesia was performed. Histopathological findings after the surgical excision were suggestive of juvenile fibroadenoma. The patient has a normal breast development throughout 4 years follow-up. The rapid growth of a breast mass in such young patients can be of great concern causing a considerable impact on these patients’ psychological and emotional condition. One of the most important concerns is the impact on potential future mammary gland development. Therefore, it is crucial to promptly rule out malignant processes or phyllodes tumors and educate young patients and their families on treatment options that fit their concerns. In addition, the final cosmetic result is essential after the surgical excision; although the primary cause of asymmetrical breast enlargement is a benign mass, early surgical excision is efficient concerning the best possible cosmetic outcome. Keywords: Breast mass; juvenile fibroadenoma; giant fibroadenoma.

An Interesting Case of Takayasu’s Arteritis with an Atypical Presentation in an Adolescent Asian Girl

Introduction: Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a chronic non-specific inflammatory disease mainly affecting the medium and large arteries and is a common cause of renovascular hypertension among young Asian females. The initial symptoms and signs vary due to the heterogeneity of affected vessels. Case Presentation: Here we reporting a case of a rare disease in a 15 years old female presenting with abdominal distension, swelling over feet, facial puffiness lasting 1 month after which she was transferred to our hospital for further treatment. Blood Pressure showed significant discrepancy in upper limb and lower limb. Her laboratory results showed an elevated C-reactive protein and D-dimer. Also Color Doppler ultrasound and Computed Tomography Aortography (CTA) leading to diagnosis of TA, after which we started the patient on medical treatment and cardiological intervention. Vasculitis-induced renovascular secondary hypertension resulted in myocardial dysfunction, which recovered with treatment of hypertension and TA. Delayed diagnosis and lack of specific treatment could explain the extent and the clinical severity of the disease at time of hospital admission. Conclusion: Takayasu arteritis is a relatively rare disease with various clinical manifestations, such as ascities, anasarca as in our case. Currently, there are multiple diagnostic tools and treatment options available, and more under investigation. Early, appropriate diagnosis and initiation of proper therapy could avoid further progression and reduce complications of the disease. Hence early diagnosis and treatment is warranted

WITNESSING, GRIEVING, AND REMEMBERING: LETTERS OF RESISTANCE, LOVE, AND RECLAMATION FROM DAUGHTERS OF IZZAT

This article challenges public and private constructions of honourrelated violence as they impact second-generation South Asian women and girls in Canada. While much has been written about the victims of honour killings, including high profile cases of young women killed by their families in Canada, considerably less attention and space has been given to second-generation South Asian Canadian women and girl’s stories of survivance and resistance against honour-based violence (HBV). This paper moves towards storying processes of grieving and of witnessing public stories of HBV, and documents a collective writing process I undertook in collaboration with survivors of HBV. We shared narratives of grief and pain, and the power of collective storywork. The paper includes two letters that speak to the context in which second generation South Asian women are embodying resistance and reclamation, and witnessing stories of grief, loss, love, and acceptance.

Hypermagnesemia in a 20-month-old healthy girl caused by the use of a laxative: a case report

BackgroundHypermagnesemia can be a fatal condition and should be diagnosed early on. Most reports of hypermagnesemia have been of adults with impaired renal function. We describe the case of a pediatric patient without renal dysfunction who developed severe hypermagnesemia.Case presentationA healthy 20-month-old Asian girl presented to our emergency department with episodes of vomiting and a reduced level of consciousness. The neurological examination showed a symmetric decrease in muscle tone, and the deep tendon reflexes were decreased. On admission, her magnesium (Mg) level was 11.0 mg/dL after receiving magnesium oxide for 4 days because of constipation. She was immediately administered calcium gluconate infusion (3.9 mEq), and then was continuously infused with it (0.23 mEq/h) as a Mg antagonist to cardiac side effects. She was kept hydrated with 0.9% sodium chloride to maintain good urine output to excrete the Mg. The level of the serum Mg decreased to 2.4 mg/dL, enabling her to regain consciousness. During 5 years of follow-up, she was neurologically well, without the recurrence of hypermagnesemia.ConclusionsEven in the absence of significant renal dysfunction, the prescription of a laxative containing Mg for constipation can result in severe hypermagnesemia. In addition, the symptoms of hypermagnesemia are nonspecific, and early diagnosis is difficult unless it is actively suspected.

Spontaneous resolution of atopic dermatitis incidental to participation in benralizumab clinical trial for severe, uncontrolled asthma: a case report

BackgroundT cell-mediated eosinophilia is associated with numerous conditions—including atopic dermatitis, food allergies, and asthma—collectively known as the “atopic march.” Benralizumab is a recombinant, humanized, afucosylated monoclonal antibody directed against the ⍺ chain of the eosinophil cell surface receptor IL-5R. Benralizumab treatment causes near-complete depletion of circulating eosinophils and was approved in 2017 for add-on, maintenance treatment of severe asthma with an eosinophilic phenotype, based on the results of the CALIMA and SIROCCO pivotal trials. Benralizumab is not currently approved for the treatment of eosinophilic conditions besides asthma; however, during the CALIMA trial, spontaneous resolution of atopic dermatitis was observed in a patient, concurrent with reduction in her asthma symptoms.Case presentationIn January 2015, a 14-year-old Asian girl with severe, uncontrolled asthma was enrolled in CALIMA. The patient’s baseline eosinophil blood count was 1200 cells/μL, her pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was 1.9 L and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio was 71.4%, and her post-bronchodilator FEV1 was 3.2 L (FEV1/FVC of 115.9%). Her overall baseline asthma symptom score was 3.9 and her asthma exacerbation rate in the prior year was 4. She also displayed a pronounced, pruritic, chronic, inflammatory rash consistent with atopic dermatitis across her face. The investigator was blinded to the patient’s treatment group during treatment; however, her asthma symptoms diminished over the course of the study (FEV1 at 56 weeks, 3.01 L/110.5% (pre) and 3.25 L/119.3% (post); overall asthma symptom score 2.1; one influenza-associated exacerbation). Furthermore, her atopic dermatitis symptoms resolved spontaneously within the first 5 months of the study. After unblinding, the patient was confirmed to have been randomized to an active treatment arm, and her blood eosinophil count had dropped below the limit of detection after the first study dose.ConclusionsGiven the potential shared mechanisms between eosinophilic asthma and atopic dermatitis, it is plausible that benralizumab-induced eosinopenia factored into the resolution of the patient’s atopic dermatitis. Further clinical studies are warranted to determine whether benralizumab or other drugs targeted against IL-5/IL-5R may be useful in managing multiple conditions associated with eosinophilia.

Vancomycin induced cardiac arrest: a case report

BackgroundRapid intravenous administration of vancomycin may manifest with histaminergic responses with clinical features ranging from mild rashes, pruritus and even shock. This case reports of a child, who was accidentally given intravenous vancomycin within minutes and had a cardiac arrest.Case presentationA 9-year-old Asian girl who was scheduled for a limb salvage surgery, received vancomycin preoperatively. As a result of rapid infusion of the drug, the patient developed flushing, pruritus and had respiratory distress with hypotension leading to asystole. However, prompt detection and immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation revived the patient in time following which sound recovery ensued. We recognised inadvertent brisk infusion of vancomycin as the culprit with strong suspicion of Red Man Syndrome.ConclusionRed Man Syndrome, though rarely encountered, can always be life threatening. With a surge in the use of vancomycin, adverse effects associated with its use also rises. So a comprehensive knowledge regarding its rationale use, adverse effects and its prompt management in personnel prescribing it, can be life saving.

“Mother-Warriors”: Queer Motherhood as Resistance in Arundhati Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happiness

This article examines the motifs of queer motherhood and womanhood in Arundhati Roy’s novel The Ministry of Utmost Happiness as strategies of resistance against an increasingly totalitarian Indian state, particularly in light of the resurgence of Hindutva extremism and state-sanctioned repression of sexual, gender, caste, and religion-based minorities. Drawing on scholarship from queer theory, South Asian, and motherhood studies, and their underemphasized intersections, I interpret the novel’s recalibration of adoptive adult-female/female-child relationships as a legitimate queer feminist praxis that, in turn, signals ahead to a utopian future that will pose an ideological challenge to the heteropatriarchal institutions of a nation currently experiencing the detrimental impacts of global capitalism and neoliberalism. I go on to contend that Roy’s portrayal of the two female protagonists and their queered relationship to two abandoned girl children, whom they adopt and care for without the sanction of social and legal systems, is a direct critique of the devaluation of the lives of South Asian girl children and a violation of the norms of compulsory heteronormativity. Lastly, I supplement my reading of queer motherhood in the novel with analysis of both mainstream and academic discourses on real hijra mother-adoptive daughter relationships.