Integration In Asia Research Articles

KEBIJAKAN POLITIK LUAR NEGERI INDONESIA DALAM INTEGRASI KERJASAMA DI ASEAN UNTUK MENYIKAPI PERMASALAHAN PEREDARAN NARKOBA

This article seeks to explain the Indonesian foreign policy in the integration of ASEAN cooperation related to the handling of drugs and drug trafficking. Illegal trade in drugs/hazardous materials in the form of narcotics or abbreviated Narcotics, is a challenge for the Indonesian government because it can threaten national security. This threat requires the government to increase regional and international vigilance and cooperation in handling drug problems optimally and effectively. Keywords: transnational crime , foreign policy, ASEAN integration cooperation

Philippine Education System: Are we Moving Forward?

Different countries around the world has different rich history and heritage that surrounds their educational system. As old as history, we can trace the evolution of the Philippine education thru different era of colonialism which transform on what it is today. ASEAN integration, internationalization, K to 12, Philippine qualifications framework, 21st century skills to name a few are the main reasons for its development and change. The foundation of the education system is now competitive more than before and this is true in the case of higher education as the state provide them the necessary financial support and assistance. It is very important that this educational transformation will lead us to nation building and transform our society for a better and sustainable future. The role of government, private sectors, religious groups, NGO’s and other parties involved are needed in order that future will looks promising otherwise it will move backward.

Leveraging SEZs for Regional Integration in ASEAN

This study explores the relationship between special economic zones and regional integration in ASEAN countries, and identifies how to leverage the attributes of SEZs to deepen regional integration for regional development. The key argument is that SEZs can play a vital role in promoting regional integration if ASEAN member nations join hands to craft a visionary strategy.

The Impact of Filipino Muslim Ethnic Migration into Sabah on ASEAN Integration

Migration among ASEAN countries is not new and Sabah is one of the states in Malaysia that faces this phenomenon. Even prior to independence, Sabah had already been receiving immigrants from ASEAN countries. This study aims at analysing Muslim ethnic migration from the Philippines into Sabah and its impact onto ASEAN integration. This study was qualitatively conducted using content analysis instrument and found that the migration has created a multi-ethnic Muslim community in Sabah, making Sabah as an exemplary multi-ethnic state where the different ethnics can live in harmony. Indirectly, Sabah can become a model to other ASEAN countries which have a multiracial population. This is in line with the desirable declaration to form the ASEAN Community. Simultaneously, Sabah can become a link or medium that foster ASEAN inter-member relations, especially between the Philippines and Malaysia in line with the ASEAN community integration agenda.

Production networks under The ASEAN Plus Six. A good deal or a threat?

This study breaks up the gross trade of ASEAN countries into the different components of Value-added trade to analyze the integration of ASEAN into the Global Value Chain (GVC). The study employs a global input-output database using data by the years1997, 2004, and 2012. The research considers the possible effects of expanding ASEAN into an ASEAN Plus Six agreement from the Vertical Specialization point of view. Gross trade is further broken down into nine components of value-added trade which creates a series of indicators of value creation, participation-position in GVC, among others. The study found that ASEAN has made significant gains in enlarging total trade (235%), and thus undergoing a particularly faster growth in production sharing structures. Over the time, ASEAN has assumed a notable function across the GVC as a provider of value-added through parts and components (33%) than as a producer of final goods (30%). Vertical trade accounts for more than 43% of ASEAN gross exports, but it depends on foreign intermediate goods (35%) to produce its exports, most of them are supplied from Asia. ASEAN single production region has gained a little while it has grown with Asian partners and lost market share with NAFTA and Europe. The ASEAN Plus six leads to a broad range of integration and might translate to larger gains than Intra-ASEAN trade. While ASEAN is expanding faster regionally than globally, both in supplies and in demand, the ASEAN internal market might not be large enough to drive growth. Meanwhile the dynamics of ASEAN appear as being part of a strong GVC through Asia.

AsiFood and its output and prospects: An Erasmus+ project on capacity building in food safety and quality for South-East Asia

The Asifood project is a capacity building project in the field of higher education involving collaboration among thirteen partners from Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam, Austria, Belgium, Italy and France. This project aimed to support the universities in Vietnam, Thailand and Cambodia in building their capacities and their link with professionals in food safety and food quality, in the context of ASEAN integration. Further, training for trainers around a key theme, ‘food safety and quality’ for partner countries was set up involving students and teachers, professional stakeholders, political decision-makers and association leaders. During the first year of the project, study and diagnostic phase were carried out to properly assess the training as per each university needs. In the second year, the training paths around three axes: courses, quality and laboratory analysis were conducted. Finally, a test phase was carried out with the partners by inserting the modules created in the bachelor's and master's degree courses offered by the universities as well as short term trainings on innovations in food safety and quality.

50 years of regional integration in ASEAN

ABSTRACTThis article offers a brief overview of the development of ASEAN in its 50 years of existence. It covers the early motivations and developments since the late 1960s, the acceleration of integration and creation of the ASEAN Free Trade Area in the 1990s, and – more recently – the development of the ASEAN Economic Community, the ASEAN Political-Security Community, and the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community.

ASEAN between globalization and regionalization

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article is to test the hypothesis that the ‘ASEAN way’ is different from other regional integration schemes, as measured by the relative importance of its de facto regionalization patterns, the importance of its ASEAN+ frameworks, and its globalization-regionalization nexus. A set of indicators using intra- and extra-regional flow data of various sorts are explored and used to compare the ASEAN integration experience with some benchmark cases worldwide. Four aspects are thereby considered: (1) globalization and economic openness, (2) trade liberalization, (3) regional production sharing, and (4) foreign investment promotion.

Perspectives on outcome-based education among faculty members teaching business courses at a Philippine university

The implementation of outcome-based education (OBE) is often controversial especially among faculty members who are tasked with implementing the requisite changes that come with the new system. The study aimed to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and perspectives of faculty members teaching undergraduate Accountancy, Office Administration, and Business Administration courses at a state university in the Philippines regarding OBE. A descriptive qualitative study design was used. A focus group discussion was conducted with all faculty members with at least one-year experience teaching undergraduate accountancy- or management-related courses at a state university in the Philippines. From the FGD, an anonymized transcript was generated, which was analyzed thematically. Most faculty members satisfactorily defined what OBE is. However, when asked what their role is in an OBE learning environment, they were not able to provide conclusive answers. They think that OBE is a necessary upgrade to the traditional system, and is needed to keep education competitive in the face of ASEAN integration. Most participants claimed that they are ready to embrace OBE, but a few expressed reservations towards it. Furthermore, they suggested various improvements for the faculty, the learning infrastructure, and ways to ensure that OBE is implemented well. These findings underscore the need for trainings and dissemination of best practices for OBE implementation, as well as systemic changes in the college to which the faculty members belong to ensure optimal implementation of OBE.

The Cambodian problem in Vietnam - ASEAN relation (1979 - 1995)

The Cambodian conflict (1979 - 1991) became the dominant issue in international relations of Southeast Asia after the end of Vietnam War. The paper aims to clarify how the Cambodian problem impacted on changes of Vietnam - ASEAN relations in the last decades of the 20th century. These countries accused Vietnam of invading Cambodia, causing regional instability, therefore stagnating the rapprochement with Vietnam. However, two sides’ proactiveness in successfully dealing with Cambodia’s political conflicts contributed to recover regional relations and to rapidly promote Vietnam’s integration in ASEAN in 1995.

The Lancang–Mekong Cooperation Mechanism: A New Platform for China's Neighbourhood Diplomacy

The Lancang–Mekong Cooperation (LMC) mechanism, in which China plays a leading role, was officially launched in March 2016 as a result of China's need for an enhanced neighbourhood diplomacy, and the development needs of the five ASEAN Mekong countries and ASEAN integration. China makes great efforts to promote LMC in order to nurture it into a "golden brand" for building a community of a shared future with the neighbouring countries and for the whole of Asia. However, in the face of challenges from within and outside of the cooperation mechanism, China has much to accomplish in building LMC as the platform to achieve its neighbourhood diplomacy goal.

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT LAW IN ASEAN COUNTRIES: PROSPECT FOR ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY

<p>The development of ASEAN towards the establishment of ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) at the end of 2015 has brought into sharp focus on the issue of economic and financial integration in the region. The ASEAN region has been the largest recipient of FDI, relative to GDP in Asia Pacific. Between 1952 and 2012, Singapore accounts for more than half of total FDI to the whole region. Thailand ranks the second with a 13 percent share, followed by Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam and the Philippines which account between 13 to 8 percent. Foreign direct investment into ASEAN recovered from the world economic crisis and regained its 2007 level of USD 76 thousand million in 2010. ASEAN Dialogue Partners comprising EU, USA and Japan accounted USD 64 thousand million, while the share of Intra-ASEAN in this total was 16% which indicates the progress of ASEAN integration. Theories of economic integration and market liberalization have been used to explain the role of foreign direct investment in developing countries. This paper aims to examine ASEAN’s financial integration prospects. ASEAN integration could accelerate in the years ahead with enhancing financial infrastructure and reliable flexible policy frameworks. On the long term closer engagement among member countries could potentially increase real incomes and accelerate real convergence.</p>

Energy Market Integration in ASEAN: Locational Marginal Pricing and Welfare Implications

Energy market integration (EMI) in the ASEAN through the ASEAN Power Grid (APG) is considered to improve the welfare of the economy. In the simulation analyses of cross-border power trading, charging only a tariff as a function of the distance transmitted as access costs appears to ignore the effect of a marginal change in demand or supply from consumers and generators, respectively, on the transmission grid. This, in turn, leads to a poor signal to the market, making suboptimal decisions by economic agents. This study aims to analyse how the locational marginal pricing (LMP) of transmission losses influences an optimal energy mix and energy trading in the ASEAN and derive policy implications for completing the APG. Energy trading with the LMP mechanism of transmission losses appears to provide benefits to the countries under the APG as the total cost of electricity generation declines when power trade increases among ASEAN countries. The underpinnings of positive results strongly suggest that ASEAN member countries seriously consider enhancing grid interconnection to realise the efficiency of power trading infrastructure. JEL Codes: F15, O13, Q49

Competition and Bank Integration in ASEAN

This paper is aimed at investigating how bank integration is in response to the impact of financial liberalization on bank competition. In this paper we develop tools to assess whether bank integration occurs in several economies in ASEAN. This study uses financial data from 2006 - 2017 published by 72 banks in ASEAN member countries, including Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. We use the 3-step method to estimate our competition model. The approach includes production function model, static discrete choice games procedure, and Impulse Response Function. We find that development and openness in the financial sector are conducive to the economic performance of the observed ASEAN countries. We also conclude that financial liberalization along with financial development will stimulate banking productivity in the economies.

Does the Financial Integration in ASEAN+3 Respond to Financial Cooperation Agreement and Influence the Real Sectors?

This paper aims to investigate the degree of financial integration by employing Markov Switching (MS) technique. It further examines the influence of financial integration on the real sectors by employing GMM approach. The finding indicates following outcomes; (1) the financial markets of ASEAN[Formula: see text]3 economies are weakly integrated during pre-agreement periods; (2) the degree of financial integration improves during post-agreement period in which financial integration has positive influence on the real economy; (3) higher degree of financial integration indicates a positive influence on the real economies. Finally, this study offers policy implication for stabilizing the real economy.

Questioning the Regional Integration of Higher Education in ASEAN: Equality for All?

Regional integration in ASEAN, within the framework of ASEAN Community has three pillars. ASEAN Socio-Culture Community as one of the pillars brought the vision of equality of access toward education aligned with the United Nation Sustainable Development Goals. Specifically, integration higher education is institutionally spearheaded by the ASEAN University Network (AUN) established in 1995, which currently is still the only legitimate HEI’s platform under the ASEAN Secretariat. This paper discusses the question on the exclusivity of AUN membership that had created the narratives of doubt among the non-member universities of AUN. The research is conducted with the qualitative methods in triangulation design based on the primary data taken from in-depth interview and structured focus group discussion (FGD), supplemented by the desk study on current research on the area of regional integration and higher education management. The result presented the positive view on the question posed in the research. AUN is adapting to change, with several universities are now holding the status of associate membership. AUN also stated that they are under the preparation of making scheme and procedure of new membership application. As a unique space of integration in ASEAN, AUN is continuously adjusting to accommodate the needs of the greater audience.Keywords—higher education, ASEAN University Network, inclusive, regional integration, ASEAN

Asean Integration In Improving Indonesian Women Education: A Literature Review

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is an organization of countries in Southeast Asia established in Bangkok, Thailand, on August 8, 1967 under the Bangkok Declaration by Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. For more th an five decades ASEAN has experienced many positive and significant developments towards a more integrative and forward - looking stage with the establishment of an ASEAN Community by 2015. The ASEAN Community not only affects the economic sector, but also other sectors, including "education" as an effort to build competitive human resources. The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) challenges in education that will be faced are the proliferation o f foreign educational institutions, standardization of orientation in education, which is pro - market, and markets labor that will be flooded by foreign workers. Therefore, the era of ASEAN free trade should be welcomed by the world of education quickly, so that the human resources (HR) of Indonesia, especially by women who still have low resource. They should be prepared for facing an intense competition with other countries. ASEAN countries have considered synchronizing the certification standards, streng thening, and improving the skills and knowledge of ASEAN youth and women in the regional integration process. Therefore, ASEAN countries have always been active in encouraging cooperative relations in various levels of education and training, at the same t ime encouraging all organizations and schools in each country to seek cooperation partners in other countries of the ASEAN region.

ASEAN’s Preventive Diplomacy: What Roles for ASEAN in the South China Sea and the Rakhine State Issues?

The ASEAN’s preventive diplomacy is the new phenomenon in the regional architecture concerning with the living and breathing modern miracle in ASEAN. It has been one of the most substantial scenarios for all nation states to utilize and benefit form in term of common national interest and to divert major conflicts in the area of peaceful cooperation. The challenging issue in ASEAN is triggering political and security regional become tremendous problem, so ASEAN wouldn’t be ignorable and has to narrowly compromise those rising major issues, immediately. The South China Sea and the Rakhine State issues are the two common aspects undertaking and discussing urgently, and it will be an obstacle for ASEAN to move forward in ASEAN integration. The rises of China in Southeast Asia is also an area of concern for ASEAN’s efforts at preventing conflict because the confidence building has illustrated little progress in last a few years—after the signed DOC in 2002 but the progressing negotiation on the COC is now difficult to be finalized. Whereas the Rakhine State issue in Myanmar is better understanding as the human rights concerns and ASEAN would appreciate the hard efforts between Myanmar and Bangladesh Governments. However, Rohingyas crisis is uncompromisingly facing crackdown by both parties on other matters. In this regard, ASEAN diplomacy is applied by its roles and encourages powerful actors to take action with regards to the signatory MoU between Myanmar Government, UNDP and UNHCR in 2018. Facilitating the process of the repatriation of the displaced persons, is a positive measure to achieve solution for the people in Rakhine State. These sensitive issues are struggling ASEAN to quickly move on to the sustainable development, and also concern to all ASEAN partners especially the United Nations and the United States of America.

ASEAN の経済統合の拡大と 日本の海外市場戦略

ASEAN の経済統合の拡大と 日本の海外市場戦略

Predilections of Allied Healthcare Professionals toward an Ideal Interprofessional Education Program via Conjoint Analysis

To shape competent healthcare professionals, a working educational system that facilitates multiprofessional and interprofessional partnership should be in place to foster and deliver better outcomes efficiently, enhancing the quality of healthcare education. Interprofessional Education (IPE) is learning and teaching approach where two or more healthcare professions learn with, from, and about each other. To meet the objective, academic reform that encompasses silos and profession centrism has to be instituted. This study delved into the proclivity of medical and paramedical professionals towards a curricular program that concretizes and strengthens interprofessional collaboration in practice via Conjoint Analysis. Orthogonal Array was employed to elucidate validity and applicability of the five attributes namely Content, Participants, Setting, Teaching Methods, and Format. One hundred allied healthcare professionals representing 25 countries from three international universities participated in the study. Results revealed that setting was the major factor considered when choosing an IPE program with a relative importance of 43.7%. It was followed by content with a relative importance of 15.8%. Trailing behind were teaching methods (14.5%) and participants (13.1%), respectively. The stakeholders’ perspectives will serve as a benchmark for a program to be implemented on the Philippine context in line with the ASEAN integration which is currently being embraced.