Russian Article Research Articles

O некоторых словах азербайджано-турецкого происхождения

The study of the dialectal features of languages, which are means of communication between people, is very valuable in terms of studying the historical development of the language, its nationality, its relationship with other languages, the historical development of its people. Taking into account these aspects, we tried to study the dialects of the Azerbaijani language, to identify the examples preserved in the dialect lexicon of our language and considered archetypes of modern language units, to talk about their contacts with other languages, etymology of some Turkic words. In this regard, the article in Russian “cups, yogurt, pies, paints, etc.” Opinions were expressed on the etymology of the words, and it was proved that they were of Turkic origin.

New limits for the application of a simplified tax system: innovations of 2021

Article is devoted to the analysis of changes of limit limits of revenues of the organization and number of her workers at which excess the organization loses the right for application of a simplified tax system, the brought Federal law of 31.07.2020 No. 266-FZ “About modification of Chapter 26.2 of Part second of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation and Article 2 of the Federal law “About Modification of a Part the Second Tax Code of the Russian Federation”. Aspects of determination of these limits and their correction for coefficient-deflator are considered. The peculiarities of calculation of tax paid in case of application of simplified system of taxation at increased rates in case of exceeding limit limits are disclosed. Practical examples of determining the calculation of tax both in the object of taxation income and in the object of taxation income reduced by the amount of expenses are considered.

Дискурс российских СМИ о психоневрологических интернатах

Special care (psychoneurological) institutions for people with disabilities have started to draw more public attention in Russia. Some public organizations categorically oppose such asylums and produce TV reports investigating the way people are treated there and picturing these institutions as “prisons” for the innocent. Even though journalists and authorities are now forced to take more progressive ideologies into account, the discourse supporting the system of such institutions continues to be reproduced. The study aims to analyze modern discourses about such institutions and people who are isolated there. The data comprise seventeen video reports from 2012–2020. The main method is critical discourse analysis, with a particular focus on labeling people (229 cases). The main justifications behind the discourse supporting the system of special care institutions are: care about “the disadvantaged” and “the souls suffering from diseases”; “protecting” those who cannot live on their own; their “uniqueness” (which, being seemingly more politically correct, justifies isolation). The discourse opposing the system of asylums is backed and enacted by representatives of nongovernmental organizations and experts arguing that isolated people are often not ill, and shows successful “alumni” who have managed to escape from the “prison.” The role of the “patients” in nearly all analyzed video reports is limited to providing short answers or being in the background, and all reports reproduce the paternalistic ideology toward isolated people, albeit to different extents. The recent years can be described as a transition period when both discourses coexist, along with compromise outlooks on the residential care institutions. Article in Russian

“Sociologists in White”: Constructing Professional Position in Medical Field

This article presents research reflections on the fieldwork conducted in a medical organization in Russia. We emphasize how our professional positioning in the field was changing as a result of the ethnographic immersion into the empirical work. Addressing the insider/outsider dilemma and testing some of the feminist principles of interactions with research participants, we find that we neither become “insiders” nor remain “outsiders” in the organization we study but obtain a temporary position of svoi (literally, ”ours”) for its “inhabitants.” We focus on the construction of our own positioning in the field, which is accomplished through the participants’ perception of and interactions with us: they identify, examine, (un)dress, and trust (or do not trust) us. We believe that the “making” of the feminist sociologist is accomplished through the process of research reflection and care happening in the field. We use the metaphor “a sociologist in white” (as an allusion to the classic 1960s book Boys in White: Student Culture in Medical School) to denote this particular kind of positioning of the researcher. The article is written in an experimental format: In the first (analytical) part we discuss the basic principles that help to analyze the experience of being a researcher in the medical field. In the second, “operational” part we reconstruct conditions in which the research and our professional positions have become the subject of our reflections as well as the reflections of other participants of the study. In the article we reconstruct conditions and situations of the actual fieldwork and, drawing on our individual experiences, show different interpretations of our professional positions. Article in Russian

The Construction of the Concepts of “Tauride” and “Tavria” in Ukraine and Russia

This article discusses the geographical, economic, and political connotations of the concepts of “Tauride” and “Tavria,” as well as the role of different actors in the process of their construction. Using conceptual history, critical toponymic, and the constructivist methodology, I analyze current public discourses on “Tauride” and “Tavria” and demonstrate that an original geographical region that had be interchangeably called Tavria/Tauride has been divided into two geographically different regions with the separate names, Tauride and Tavria. Nowadays Tauride corresponds to the Crimean Peninsula, while Tavria indicates a region of mainland southern Ukraine. Furthermore, the economic and political connotations of the usage of both of these names—“Tavria” and “Tauride”—have changed significantly. The development of the concept of “Tauride” is closely linked to the ideas of the Russian Empire. However, currently its use is common mostly among high-level politicians and government agencies, as well as experts working on or related to large-scale state projects. At the same time, the formation of the “Tavria” concept takes place in a spontaneous manner, mainly influenced by commercial and marketing strategies. The main users of the concept of “Tavria” are small and medium entrepreneurs, local authorities, and local historians. After the Crimean events of 2014, the use of both Tavria and Tauride toponyms started to assume strong geopolitical connotations. Today, for Ukrainians “Tavria” signifies a region of the independent Ukrainian state, while “Tauride” represents an important part of the Russian statehood, even if it does include part of Ukraine’s territory. Article in Russian

Правила принятия терапевтических решений хроническими больными

The article presents the results of a study of the patients’ medical choice in a situation of chronic illness. The empirical analysis is based on 25 in-depth interviews and focus group interviews with patients with chronic medical conditions. The study was conducted within the framework of cognitive medical anthropology developed by Linda Garro. Of particular interest is the analysis of the relationship between cultural knowledge and personal experience, the role of interiorized and non-interiorized cultural patterns in the patients’ medical choice. This article describes the rules of making two therapeutic decisions for chronic patients: the choice of medical system (conventional and/or nonconventional medicine) and the choice between selftreatment and professional medical care. The study shows which cultural beliefs are the basis for mono-choice in favor of biomedicine or nonconventional medicine, as well as for a combined choice of different medical systems. Special attention is paid to strategies for combining conventional and nonconventional medicine (based on divergent rationality). One of the most common strategies is the use of unconventional medical practices and folk remedies as exclusively complementary to the main treatment. Another strategy is to use biomedical technologies only for specific diseases (usually, diseases that are identified as life threatening). In a situation of deciding between self-treatment and professional medical treatment, in addition to cultural knowledge about diseases and treatments, other circumstances, such as personal experience of treatment, institutional (non)trust, or availability of alternatives, become increasingly important. Article in Russian

Reception of Osip Mandelstam’s Creativity in Interwar Lithuania

The presented materials on the reception of Osip Mandelstam’s work were revealed in memoir testimonies, published epistolaries, works on the biography of the writer and scientist Vincas Krėvė and his colleague at the University of Lithuania in Kaunas (Vytautas Magnus University since 1930) Mykolas Banevičius (Mikchail Podshibyakin), and periodicals in Lithuanian and Russian languages. The study showed that among the Lithuanian poets and translators there were connoisseurs of poetry and prose by Mandelstam, but translations into Lithuanian language did not appear during the interwar years. A possible explanation for this is the lack of a demand for this kind of creativity, as the materials of the reception of contemporary Russian literature show. The only text by Mandelstam published in Lithuania in Russian is a translation of the story by Henri Barbusse, reprinted in 1926 by a Kaunas newspaper from a Soviet edition. The only characteristic of his poetry is presented in an article in Russian about the latest Russian poetry, published in 1931 in an academic journal under a pseudonym; its most likely author could be M. Podshibyakin.

Вопросы разграничения административной ответственности, предусмотренной ч. 2 ст. 6.3, ст. 20.6.1 КоАП РФ и ст. 3.18.1 КоАП Москвы, в связи с распространением новой коронавирусной инфекции (часть)

Вопросы разграничения административной ответственности, предусмотренной ч. 2 ст. 6.3, ст. 20.6.1 КоАП РФ и ст. 3.18.1 КоАП Москвы, в связи с распространением новой коронавирусной инфекции (часть)

Components of Speaker’s Rhetoric in Terms of Interpretation of the Text of Public Speaking (based on the Speech of W. Churchill “Their Finest Hour”)

The results of an analysis of the rhetoric of Winston Churchill’s public speaking “Their Finest Hour” are presented in the article. The novelty of the study is in the attempt made to interpret the archival documents by comparing the facsimile draft and final texts of the speech of the British Prime Minister. It is emphasized that the authenticity of the sources studied not only determines the correctness of citation, but also is a unique confirmation of the author’s understanding of the components of W. Churchill’s oratory. It is noted that the politician embodies his concept in his own rhetorical practice. It is argued that the text of the speech, according to the theory of the “vertical dimension” of the hermeneutic circle, representing the author’s version of the event, can be interpreted by the reader / listener / researcher. An algorithm for the interpretation analysis of the Prime Minister’s speech is proposed, which is defined by the content of the article “The Scaffolding of Rhetoric”. Attention is paid to the fact that in an incomplete and not translated into Russian language article by young W. Churchill, he defines a number of terms in the rhetoric of successful public speaking: the correct choice of words and phrases in speech; the rhythm of utterance; the presence of convincing argumentation; use of analogy and expressiveness of the speaker’s language. The author of this publication dwells on such a sequence of analysis of the identified rhetorical components of the speaker’s famous speech.

The right to life: A comparative analysis of the relevant norms of the Constitutions of the Republic of Azerbaijan and Russian Federation

The relevance of the work is determined by the fact that the right to life belongs to the basic constitutional human rights, therefore, its observance and protection is the duty of the state. Despite its undeniable importance, today the right to life anywhere in the world is not really ensured in sufficient quantities. The constitutional consolidation of the right to life raises a number of issues related to the concept, nature, legislative and practical implementation of this right. It should be noted that various aspects of the human right to life were considered in the scientific works of G.B. Romanovsky, O.G. Selikhova, T.M. Fomichenko, A.B. Borisova, V.A. Ershov and other Russian authors. The aim of the study is to study and comparative analysis of the legal content of the constitutional norm that defines the right to life, to comprehend and identify possible problems of the implementation of this right. To achieve this goal, this article discusses relevant issues of ensuring the right to life, proclaimed by Article 20 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and Article 27 of the Constitution of Azerbaijan Republic. The results of a comparative analysis of these constitutional norms and the relevant norms of industry law allow us to determine, that there is no contradiction between Article 20 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the norms of the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation, which imply the death penalty as an exceptional measure of punishment, because a moratorium has been imposed on the death penalty in the Russian Federation since April 16, 1997. However, after the abolition of the death penalty in the criminal legislation of the Republic of Azerbaijan in 1998, there was a discrepancy between parts II and III of Article 27 of the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the criminal legislation of Azerbaijan Republic that requires the introduction of the necessary changes in the content of the analyzed constitutional norm. The value of the work is determined by the fact that the introduction of appropriate changes will contribute to the further improvement of the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the effective implementation of the right to life of everyone.

Evaluation of the Sanctions Impact on Sanctioning Countries’ Trade with Russia

The aim of this paper was to present some results of the study of the impact of the sanctions, imposed on the Russian Federation in 2014 and consistently expanded and deepened, not on Russia, but on those who use these sanctions — the countries that imposed the sanctions (the sanctioners). External trade, that is one of the objects of the sanctions, was chosen as the subject of the study. The author’s task was to estimate the role of the Russian Federation in the external trade of the countries, which use the sanctions against Russia, before and after the sanctions, and to evaluate the harm caused to these countries by their sanctions and by Russia’s counter-sanctions. To solve these problems, the author proposed a mathematical tool for the damage quantitative assessment. The World Trade Organization statistics for 2012–2017 formed a database for the study, and economic-mathematical and statistical methods were taken as research instruments. One may summarize the results of the study as follows. First, Russia plays an insignificant role in foreign trade of most countries that imposed sanctions against the Russian Federation. However, the damage from the sanctions and counter-sanctions for some of them turns out to be quite significant. Second, the negative impact of the sanctions on their initiators in the sphere of external trade is the stronger, the more important for the sanctioning country its trade relations with the Russian Federation are. Third, the burden of the sanctions was less heavy for their main initiator — the united States of America, than for their less economically strong partners that imposed the sanctions. The author’s main conclusion is that eventually the economic interests of some of these countries win up over the political goals that go against these interests, and the volume of the foreign trade, that dropped down after the sanctions were imposed on Russia, tends to recover. Russia, shifting from the overseas markets to the domestic one and changing the geographical structure of its international trade, does continue to develop. To present the results of the study to the Russian readers, the version of the article in Russian is submitted to the journal “The World of New Economy”. Its title is “Anti-Russian Sanctions: Damage to the Countries that Declared them”. The version gives the results of the analysis of the impact of sanctions on technology trade and the content of the study of foreign trade in goods, detailed in this paper.

К вопросу о юридической ответственности за информационную и психическую ятрогении и их соотношении

We consider various approaches to understanding and classifying such phenomenon as “iatrogenesis”. Taking into account the specifics of the stated theme, we highlight informational and mental manifestations of iatrogenesis, we identify approaches where these types differ, as well as approaches where they are identical. Due to this, we analyze informational and mental iatrogenesis from the juridical science point of view. We define the reasons for the criminal liability of a medical worker for “classical” mental iatrogenesis as highly controversial. At the same time there is a civil liability, namely, the issue of causing moral harm. In the context of the consideration of informational iatrogenesis, we propose to pay attention to the provisions of Article 137 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and Article 732 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, as well as the provisions of criminal legislation on offenses to which medical workers may be subject, and the provisions of civil legislation on redress for the non-pecuniary damage as a civil liability. The conducted research led to the conclusion that it is impossible to identify informational and mental iatrogenesis from a legal point of view. We substantiate the necessity of conducting work at the legislative level on a clear classification of iatrogenesis as a basis for further research on its individual differentiations, which have legal significance both in doctrinal and practical terms.

Class Action as the Method of Managing a Multi - Party Civil Procedure

[full article in Russian; abstract in English]
 The article is devoted to the definition of the legal nature of class action. The construction of class action is analyzed in the context of a multi-party civil procedure. Having considered the legal regulation of certain types of class action, the author came to the conclusion that the class action is the modified multi-party civil litigation.

СРЕДСТВА ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ СОХРАННОСТИ АДВОКАТСКОЙ ТАЙНЫ ПО ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВУ УКРАИНЫ

[full article in Russian; abstract in English] Article is devoted to the definition of the essence of means of securing the preservation of the lawyer’s secret. Particular attention is paid to the legal regulation of guarantees that indicate the existence of the witness immunity of a lawyer and guarantees during the search or inspection of the home, other possession of the lawyer, the premises where he/she performs advocacy.

СТАТУС КНИЖНЫХ ПАМЯТНИКОВ В НАЦИОНАЛЬНОМ И МЕЖДУНАРОДНОМ ПРАВЕ

[full article in Russian; summary in Lithuanian] Libraries play an important role in the formation of personality, patriotism and a sense of national pride, strengthening the country’s authority in the international arena. The public mission of libraries is to collect and keep the national memoryof states, depositaries of treasures of knowledge and to provide access to this information to new generations. Among thetasks solved by libraries, the principles of their activities are to ensure the availability of cultural goods, to promote the protection of historical, cultural and archaeological heritage. The article analyzes the current situation of legislation on the protection of historical and cultural heritage. The author for the first time proposes a new approach in the science of international law: to adopt the UNESCO Convention «On the protection of book monuments».

Анализ уголовно-правовых норм, предусматривающих ответственность за незаконный оборот наркотиков без цели сбыта в Республике Казахстан и Российской Федерации (ст. 296 УК РК и ст. 228 УК РФ)

Анализ уголовно-правовых норм, предусматривающих ответственность за незаконный оборот наркотиков без цели сбыта в Республике Казахстан и Российской Федерации (ст. 296 УК РК и ст. 228 УК РФ)

Анализ культуры стартап-предпринимателей в России: кейс-стади московского хакерспейса

This article offers a critical anthropological analysis of Neuron, a Moscow-based “hackerspace”that attempts to provide an alternative, self-organized space for the creativeIT industry and startup entrepreneurship. The study addresses the question of how theimage, dynamics, and cultural practices of the global hackerspace movement emergedand developed in Russia.The article is based on ethnographic work conducted from 2013 to 2015. I invoke acritical analysis of the discourses and practices of the hackerspace community and Moscowstartups in general. The metaphor of family was often invoked in the narratives ofhackerspace members about their organization, and this metaphor is employed in thisarticle as a lens for a critical analysis of the discourses and practices of the hackerspacecommunity.Since the 2010s the Russian state has made efforts to promote the ideas of innovativebusiness and startup entrepreneurship. Innopolis Skolkovo became a symbol ofthe Russian state-led modernization program that was launched in order to transformthe Russian economy and overcome its dependence on natural resources. The Moscowhackerspace emerged in 2011 as part of a wave of increased interest in innovativeprojects. However, it employed a very different bottom-up strategy for developing aplace for high-tech projects. Neuron emerged as an alternative community to the majorstartup scene in Moscow that also provided infrastructure for startup companiesthat had been struggling to develop new technologies without a sufficient startupbusiness environment.The problems faced in the course of this ambitious task are traced in this article. Onthe one hand, the Neuron hackerspace promotes trust, knowledge, and the exchange ofskills, as well as common strategies for technology and business development among itsmembers. On the other hand, Neuron has not succeeded in building a horizontal community,gender equality, and an organizational structure that is supportive but at thesame time driven by competition and a profit-oriented market economy. Article in Russian. DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2018-10-1-51-78

Strategies of Environmental NGOs in the Context of the Law on Foreign Agents: Games with Formality

This article analyzes how the law on foreign agents has been interpreted and implemented by the Russian authorities and examines NGOs’ diverse strategies of adaptation in response to the foreign agent label. We offer a typology of NGO responses to the law, illustrating how NGOs adjust to this new organizational environment. We have identified four major strategies among environmental NGOs designated as foreign agents. First, an NGO may attempt to follow the law formally, often returning foreign funding. Second, an NGO may simulate formal compliance, using informal practices to bypass the law and continue its work. Third, an NGO may adopt an exit strategy by abandoning its legal registration to operate informally. Fourth, an NGO can operate from abroad, using access to international institutions. The choice of strategy depends on the available resources, the level of involvement in international networks, the specialization of NGOs, and the configuration of forces at the regional level. Pressures from the new national laws have led NGOs to embrace informality over formal structures and rules. Informal strategies include receiving only in-kind support from abroad, not registering the organization, using nonregistered associations of NGOs to make public statements, or sharing resources between a registered NGO and a nonregistered NGO if one is in jeopardy of being declared a foreign agent. Thus, the foreign agent law can stimulate the paradoxical situation in which the state’s efforts to formalize its relationship to NGOs results the deinstitutionalization of the NGO sector, as groups increasingly use informal strategies to achieve their goals. The study is based on a combination of qualitative methods. We collected 19 interviews with experts from NGOs dealing with environmental protection. We also analyzed websites of environmental NGOs and mass-media publications concerning the problem of foreign agents. All collected materials were transcribed and analyzed using thematic and axial coding. Data triangulation was carried out by correlating information from different sources. Article in Russian. DOI:  10.25285/2078-1938-2017-9-3-18-43

Expression and signification: the logicist trend in modern linguistics [1927

The present text is a translation of Sor's original Russian article, Vyraženie i znacenie ( Logisticeskoe napravlenie vsovremennoj lingvistike ), published in 1927 in the first volume ofthe Ucenye zapiski instituta jazyka i literatury RANION [ Scholarly Journal of the Institute of Language and Literature of the Russian Association of Research Institutes in Social Sciences ]. An implicit commentary of Edmund Husserl's First Logical Investigation ,Sor's text not only casts light on the particularities of the reception of Husserl's phenomenology and philosophy of language in Russia, it also underlines the theoretical diversity of the influential Russian contributions to the epistemological re-foundation of linguistics and the language sciences in the early 20th Century. In particular by bringing to the fore instructive divergences between Husserl, Spet and Jakobson, it offers clear insights into the entangled relationship between phenomenology, the still nascent paradigm of structural linguistics and the psychologistic German traditions of the 19th Century.

RETRACTED: Modeling of interval thermal processes in electronic systems at the interval uncertainty of the determinative parameters

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor. After publication of this manuscript, the Editors of the journal were made aware of the existence of an essentially duplicate article in Russian in Computer Research and Modeling, Vol. 8, no 3, 2016, pp. 501-520. http://crm-en.ics.org.ru/journal/article/2468/ After discussion between our editorial board, the authors and the editors of Computer Research and Modeling, the decision of the Editor in Chief is that this article must be retracted since the Computer Research and Modeling article is the earliest published version.