Arthritis In Albino Rats Research Articles

Effects of Rauwolfa vomitoria (Akata) and Olax subscorpioidea (Asaja) Roots on Hematology of Chicken Type II Collagen-Freund’s Adjuvant-induced Rheumatoid Arthritis in Albino Rats

This study evaluated the effects of ethanol and aqueous root extracts of Rauwolfia vomitoria and Olax subscorpioidea on Chicken type II collagen in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-induced arthritis in albino rats. A total of 225 albino rats, weighing between 120-200 g, were used and divided into 15 groups of 15 rats each. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) was induced by administering 0.1 ml of Chicken type II-Complete Freund’s Adjuvant into the left hind paw. The study duration was 32 days, during which the arthritic rats were treated with Rauwolfia vomitoria and Olax subscorpioidea root extracts at doses of 400 mg, 600 mg, and 800 mg/kg body weight. The sub-lethal toxicity study revealed significant increases (P<0.05) in WBC, platelet, and differential counts, along with significant reductions (P<0.05) in RBC count, PCV, and HB in the adjuvant induced arthritic rats compared to the negative control group. However, treatment with the plant extracts (groups 4-15) significantly reversed these trends towards normal levels compared to the untreated arthritis group (group 2) within the 32-day period. The ameliorative effects of the extracts were both time- and dose dependent (P<0.05). This study concludes that the ethanol and aqueous root extracts of Rauwolfia vomitoria and Olax subscorpioidea effectively ameliorate arthritis symptoms in albino rats, potentially due to the presence of active chemical constituents. These findings provide scientific evidence supporting the therapeutic use of these plant extracts in managing arthritis.

Evaluation of the anti-arthritic activity of Rhuflex-F - A proprietary Ayurvedic herbomineral formulation in albino rats.

Rhuflex-F is a proprietary Ayurvedic herbo-mineral formulation clinically used to combat and relieve stiffness in joints and muscles, reduce edema, restore mobility, and also effective in relieving the symptoms of other autoimmune illnesses that lead to rheumatism. The aim and objective of the research study is to evaluate the efficacy of Rhuflex-F against in vitro protein denaturation and in vivo Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in albino rats. In vitro inhibition of protein denaturation activity was carried out using bovine serum albumin. For in vivo activity, arthritis was induced by complete Freund's adjuvant in albino rats. Rhuflex-F (135-270 mg/kg, po) was administered for 30th days in arthritic rats, and effects were assessed on primary and secondary paw edema, on pain response, hematological, serum biochemical parameters (serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, urea, uric acid, and orosomucoid), and serum anti-oxidant parameters and adrenal ascorbic acid. Aqueous extract of Rhuflex-F showed in vitro protein denaturation inhibitory activity in a dose-dependent manner. Rhuflex-F showed nonsignificant decrease in primary and secondary paw edema with reduced pain response, some reversal effects on hematological parameters such as white blood cell and red blood cell related parameters and serum orosomucoid and adrenal ascorbic acid in comparison to Fruend's adjuvant control group. Further, Rhuflex-F reversed Freund's adjuvant-induced adverse effects on oxidant status in the serum of albino rats. Result of the present study suggested that Rhuflex-F formulation has anti-inflammatory activity, may be due to the inhibition of protein denaturation in vitro and in vivo anti-arthritic activity against complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in albino rats.

Anti-arthritic effect of methanol extract of leaves of Abies webbiana Lindl. in complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis in albino rats

Aim of the study: To investigate Anti-Arthritic activity of Methanolic Extract of Abies webbiana Lindl. (MEAW) leaves in complete Freund’s adjuvant- induced arthritis in albino rats. Methods: RA was induced in all study groups 2-6 except group 1 by sub-plantar injection of 0.1mlkg-1 of CFA agent in left hind paw of albino rats. Group 1 demonstrates Normal control. Group 2 serves as Arthritic control and Group 3 illustrates Standard control (Methotrexate 0.5mgkg-1). Group 4-6 serves as Test control receiving differing doses of MEAW of 100, 200 & 400mgkg-1. Treatment commences after 8th day of CFA induction in a manner of single dose (p.o.) a day for 20 successive days. Meanwhile, invitro parameters of body weight and paw volume were measured & after day 28th hematological, biochemical, anti-oxidant & histopathological parameters were characterized. Results: MEAW demonstrated dose dependent anti-arthritic activity which was evident with decrease in paw volume & increase in body weight when compared to arthritic control group. MEAW (400 & 200mg/kg) exhibited significant (p<0.001) anti-arthritic activity by surging levels of RBC, Hb & equalizing the levels of WBC, Platelets, ESR, CRP & RF.

Structural and Ultrastructural Examination of Anti-Arthritic Effect of Bee Venom in Temporomandibular Joint with Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis in Albino Rats

Structural and Ultrastructural Examination of Anti-Arthritic Effect of Bee Venom in Temporomandibular Joint with Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis in Albino Rats

Experimental evidence in support of the biological effects and physical basis of homeopathic potencies

Background: Homeopathic potencies 12 cH and above cross the Avogadro number and, for this, do not contain any original drug molecules. Two major problems involved in the scientific study of potencies are (1) understanding the physical basis of potencies and (2) demonstrating the biological effects of potencies. The present study aims to address these questions.
 Methods and Results: In course of our experimental studies spanned over more than 30 years we have demonstrated significant effects of homeopathic potencies on man, animals and plants. We have also showed that potencies could be differentiated through their electronic spectra, and this difference in spectra can be attributed to the electron transfer interaction. In a molecular complex, electron of one molecule absorbs a quantum of visible radiation and is excited, not to a higher energy level of this molecule, but to one of the vacant high energy levels of the neighboring molecules. This process is known as electron or charge transfer interaction. This has been demonstrated in Iodine ө in two different solvents of CCl4 and aqueous ethanol (Sukul N C, Environ Ecol 17,866-872, 1999). We have further demonstrated that the effect of a homeopathic potency can be transmitted from one part of a plant to another, and also from one plant to another through water. I am presenting here a few selected cases of our experimental studies. Potentized Nux vomica significantly reduced ethanol consumption in rats by 73.7%and ethanol-induced sleep time in albino mice by 44.4%. Causticum 30 C and Rhus tox 30 C produced anti-inflamatory and anti-nocicptive effect on adjuvant arthritis in albino rats. Potentized homeopathic drugs reduced microfilaraemia by 28 to 100% and filariasis in two villages of West Bengal endemic for Bancroftian filaiasis. Potentized Cina and Thuja ameliorated trichinellosis in mice reducing larval population in muscles by 84% and 68%, respectively.
 Potencies of Agaricus and Nux vomica, produced excitatory effect on the isolated rat ileum. Potentized drugs altered firing rate of hypothalamic neurons in rats and cats. Nux vom 30 c and Merc cor 30c facilitated water permeability in erythrocytes of catfish in a test tube. Potencies of Merc cor and Merc iod enhanced α-amylase activity in vitro ,by 44 and 21%,respectively.
 Drugs ,that inhibit photosynthesis and plant growth in high doses, promote the same phenomena when applied on plants at ultra low doses. Potentized Cantharis, a homeopathic drug used for burn injuries, counter the effect of heat shock in Adhatoda vasica plants in terms of modulating the expression of heat-shock proteins in the plants. The effect of heat shock and of Cantharis treatment could be transmitted from one plant to another through water. The global network of surface water in a closed system is thought to be responsible for producing this effect. Several potentized homeopathic drugs show distinct variation from each other in their absorption spectra in ultra violet region of light. These drugs when mixed with sucrose solution, also show marked differences from each other at temperatures as low as 4 0 C and as high as 70 0 C. Electron transfer interaction may contribute to the characteristic spectral properties of a homeopathic potency.
 Conclusions: Homeopathic potencies could be detected and differentiated by their electronic spectra. Potencies show marked effect on animals, plants, ex vivo effect on isolated organs and in vitro effect on enzymes.
 Keywords: Homeopathic potencies, electronic spectra, ethanol intake, adjuvant arthritis, filariasis, Cantharis, Nux vomica

Dual inhibition of arachidonic acid pathway by mulberry leaf extract

The present work investigates the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity of methanolic extract of mulberry leaves of variety S-1, S-13 and S-146. The S-146 extract was further evaluated for its efficacy against adjuvant arthritis in albino rats followed by inhibitory potential for COX 1, COX 2 and 5 LOX. The HPLC analysis enumerated the presence of morin, reversterol, scopoletin and 7-hydroxy coumarin as the major constituents. The anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic activity observed in the present experiment could be accredited to the dual inhibition in the AA pathway. The inhibition of COX and LOX enzymes could be imparted to the presence of resveraterol, morin, scopoletin and 7-hydroxy coumarin.

Anti-inflammatory Potential of Alpha-Linolenic Acid Mediated Through Selective COX Inhibition: Computational and Experimental Data

The present work investigates the anti-inflammatory activity of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA) using computational and experimental analysis. The binding affinity of ALA and LA was appraised for cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) using AutoDock 4.2 and AutoDock Vina 1.1.2. Anti-inflammatory activity of ALA (2 and 4ml/kg, i.p.) (55.65% v/v) and LA (2 and 4ml/kg, i.p.) (55% v/v) was further assayed using the rat paw edema test against a variety of phlogistic agents including carrageenan, arachidonic acid, prostaglandin, and leukotriene, respectively. ALA (2 and 4ml/kg, i.p.) and LA (2 and 4ml/kg, i.p.) were further tested for their efficacy against complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced (0.05ml) arthritis in albino rats. Following CFA-induced arthritis, ALA and LA were tested for their inhibitory proficiency against COX-1, COX-2, and 5-LOX in vitro. The present study commends that the anti-inflammatory potential of ALA could be attributed to COX inhibition, in particular, COX-2.

Preparation and Characterization of Tripterygium wilfordii Multi-Glycoside Nanoparticle Using Supercritical Anti-Solvent Process

The aim of this study was to prepare nanosized Tripterygium wilfordii multi-glycoside (GTW) powders by the supercritical antisolvent precipitation process (SAS), and to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects. Ethanol was used as solvent and carbon dioxide was used as an antisolvent. The effects of process parameters such as precipitation pressure (15–35 MPa), precipitation temperature (45–65 °C), drug solution flow rates (3–7 mL/min) and drug concentrations (10–30 mg/mL) were investigated. The nanospheres obtained with mean diameters ranged from 77.5 to 131.8 nm. The processed and unprocessed GTW were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis. The present study was designed to investigate the beneficial effect of the GTW nanoparticles on adjuvant-induced arthritis in albino rats. The processed and unprocessed GTW were tested against Freund’s complete adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Blood samples were collected for the estimation of interleukins (IL-1α, IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). It was concluded that physicochemical properties and anti-inflammatory activity of GTW nanoparticles could be improved by physical modification, such as particle size reduction using supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process. Further, SAS process was a powerful methodology for improving the physicochemical properties and anti-inflammatory activity of GTW.

Effect of Ethanol Extract of Trigonella foenum graecum (Fenugreek) Seeds on Freund's Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Albino Rats

Trigonella foenum graecum is an Iranian medicinal plant used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and inflammation. The present study was designed to investigate the beneficial outcome of the plant T. foenum graecum on adjuvant-induced arthritis in albino rats. Ethanol extract of T. foenum graecum was tested against Freund's complete adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. In the present study, paw volume was measured on the 4th, 8th, 14th and 21st day. On day 22, animals were anaesthetized, and blood samples were collected for the estimation of haemoglobin, white blood cells (WBC), differential white blood cells, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), red blood cells (RBC), interleukins (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The animals were sacrificed, and the cartilage tissue was isolated for estimation of lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). Administration with both doses of T. foenum graecum (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the paw oedema and restored body weight. T. foenum graecum significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the differential WBC count, ESR and WBC (5.833 ± 0.703, 6.989 ± 58.5) content and also showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in RBC and Hb (4.783 ± 0.46, 15.46 ± 0.158) content. T. foenum graecum significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α levels. It also significantly decreased the levels of LPO and increased the SOD and GSH levels in cartilage tissue. In this study, T. foenum graecum 400-mg/kg dose showed more prominent results compared to the 200-mg/kg dose of T. foenum graecum. The results obtained in this study suggest that anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of T. foenum graecum may be the possible reason behind the observed anti-arthritic activity.

Antiarthritic effects of Ajuga bracteosa Wall ex Benth. in acute and chronic models of arthritis in albino rats

ObjectiveTo evaluate the antiarthritic activity of Ajuga bracteosa using albino rats. MethodsThe antiarthritic activity of 70% ethanolic extract of Ajuga bracteosa (EEAB) was evaluated against turpentine oil- and formaldehyde–induced acute non immunological and complete freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced chronic immunological arthritis in albino rats. ResultsEEAB showed a significant (P<0.05) and dose dependent inhibitory effect against acute and chronic models of arthritis. EEAB exhibited better antiarthritic activity than the standard aspirin. ConclusionsEEAB exhibits a significant and promising antiarthritic activity against acute and chronic arthritis and supports the traditional use of Ajuga bracteosa for rheumatism and other inflammatory diseases.

Anti-inflammatory activity of natural products (I) triterpenoids

The anti-inflammatory activity of a number of triterpenoids and a nor-triterpenoid isolated from Indian plants has been tested against carrageenin-induced oedema and formaldehyde-induced arthritis in albino rats. The triterpenoids of the oleanene and ursene series and filicene were found to be active in both the tests. The nor-triterpenoid, nimbin was also active. The other triterpenoids such as lupeol acetate, ursolic acid, taraxerol and cucurbitacin were devoid of anti-inflammatory activity. The structure-activity relationship of these triterpenoids is discussed.

Anti-inflammatory activity of imipramine and congeners

Imipramine was found to possess potent anti-inflammatory property similar to hydrocortisone on formalin-induced arthritis in albino rats. Desmethyl imipramine and amitriptyline, the two congeners of imipramine, were devoid of such an activity. Imipramine was shown to give significant protection against 5-HT and histamine aerosol-induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs, although it was a weaker antagonist of 5-HT and histamine than BOL-148 and mepyramine, respectively. Imipramine, like hydrocortisone, prevented the elevation of S-GOT and S-GPT levels during inflammation. It reduced the S-GPT but not the S-GOT level in normal rats. ATPase activity was significantly increased by imipramine in liver and brain homogenates during the inflammatory state although inflammation did not alter the ATPase activity in tissue homogenates.

Biochemical study of anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic properties of glycyrrhetic acid

The anti-inflammatory activity of glycyrrhetic acid, methyl glycyrrhetic acid and glycyrrhetic acid diacetate was found to be similar to hydrocortisone on the formalininduced arthritis in albino rats. Methyl glycyrrhetic acid and glycyrrhetic acid diacetete were more potent anti-inflammatory agents when compared with glycyrrhetic acid. Glycyrrhetic acid, methyl glycyrrhetic acid and hydrocortisone prevented the elevation of S-GOT and S-GPT during inflammation. These agents reduced the S-GPT level and not the S-GOT level in normal rats. ATPase activity in brain and liver homogenates remained unaltered during inflammation but was significantly elevated by these agents. The significance of these biochemical changes is discussed.

Experimental arthritis in albino rats and mice produced by alpha type streptococci.

Journal Article Experimental Arthritis in Albino Rats and Mice Produced by Alpha Type Streptococci Get access Harold Friedlander, Harold Friedlander Experimental Biology and Medicine Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 14, Maryland, and The School of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, D. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert T. Habermann, Robert T. Habermann Experimental Biology and Medicine Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 14, Maryland, and The School of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, D. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Leland W. Parr Leland W. Parr Experimental Biology and Medicine Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 14, Maryland, and The School of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, D. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 88, Issue 3, May 1951, Pages 298–304, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/88.3.298 Published: 01 May 1951 Article history Received: 17 November 1950 Published: 01 May 1951

Experimental Arthritis in Albino Rats Produced by a Strain of Corynebacterium

The organism is a Gram positive, nonmotile bacillus three-tenths to six-tenths of a micron in diameter and one to three microns in length. The cells are straight or slightly curved and often club-shaped. Alternate bands of stained and unstained material appear when the cells are treated with Gram or methylene blue stains. Metachromatic granules may be demonstrated by Neisser's stain. Angular and palisade arrangement of the cells is frequent. On blood agar plates the organism produces round, convex colonies about one mm in diameter after 48 hours of incubation at 37 C. There is a slight greening of the medium. The colonies are white, opaque, and glistening with an even margin and smooth surface. Growth on unenriched nutrient agar is less abundant. In nutrient broth a granular turbidity and heavy sediment appear. No pellicle is formed. Gelatine is not liquefied. There is no visible growth on potato. On Loeffler slants there is moderate colorless growth, no peptonization. There is no change in litmus milk, and indol is not formed from tryptophane. Nitrite is produced from nitrate. The organism is aerobic. It grows anaerobically in the presence, but not in