Artemisia Judaica Research Articles

Herbicidal potential of desert plants Artemisia judaica L., Asphodelus microcarpus Salzm. and Viv. and Solanum nigrum L. against Portulaca oleracea and Phalaris minor

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the allelopathic effect of different concentrations (25, 50 and 100 µg/ml) of root exudates and aqueous leaf extracts of three desert plants (Artemisia judaica, Asphodelus microcarpus and Solanum nigrum) on two weed plants (Portulaca oleracea and Phalaris minor). In laboratory experiment, the three studied plants possessed herbicidal effects that significantly inhibited germination, seedling growth and chlorophyll content of P. oleracea and P. minor; the inhibitory effect was proportional to the concentrations applied. Artemisia judaica and A. microcarpus were the most effective root exudates against P. oleracea while A. microcarpus was the most effective against P. minor compared to the other examined root exudates. Meanwhile, A. judaica was proved to be the most effective leaf extract against P. oleracea and P. minor followed by A. microcarpus and then S. nigrum. A number of phenols and flavonoids with known allelopathic potential was identified in the leaf extracts of the three studied plants and could explain their inhibitory effect on P. minor and P. oleracea plants. Generally, the aqueous leaf extracts showed greater allelopathic effects than the root exudates. However, both root exudates and aqueous leaf extracts of the three tested plants are attractive to be utilized in bio- herbicidal development program towards active weed management.

THE POSSIBLE AMELIORATIVE EFFECT OF VITAMIN C AND ARTEMISIA JUDAICA EXTRACT AGAINST TOXICITY INDUCED BY ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES IN MALE ALBINO RATS

Recently, many biological fields including medicine, personal care products, sunscreens and food additives, also many industrial domains such as ceramics, rubber, paints and alloys, have been extensively applied by Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), as it has the ability to pass through the cell membrane easily and even pass through blood-brain barrier. They are highly reactive and may cause oxidative stress, which induces serious damages in DNA and protein structures forming mutation. So, the current study was designed to assess the possible mitigating effect of Artemisia judaica (Art. j.), vitamin C (vit. C) or their co-administration against ZnO NPs–induced hepatorenal toxicity in male rats. Eighty adult male rats were divided into 8 groups: the 1st (control group) with distilled water for 45 days; the 2nd (twin 80 group) with twin 80 for 45 days; the 3rd (ZnO NPs group), rats were gavaged daily with 10 mg/kg body weight (b.wt) of ZnO NPs for 15 days; the 4th (vit. C group), rats were gavaged daily with 100 mg/kg b.wt of vit. C for 30 days; the 5th (Art. j. group), rats were gavaged daily with 150 mg/kg b.wt of Art. j. extract for 30 days; the 6th (ZnO NPs + vit. C group), rats were gavaged daily with 10 mg/kg b.wt of ZnO NPs for 15 days then gavaged daily with 100 mg/kg b.wt of vit. C for 30 days; the 7th (ZnO NPs + Art. j. group), rats were gavaged daily with 10 mg/kg b.wt of ZnO NPs for 15 days then gavaged daily with 150 mg/kg b.wt of Art. j. for 30 days; the 8th (ZnO NPs + vit. C and Art. j. group), rats were gavaged daily with 10 mg/kg b.wt of ZnO NPs for 15 days then gavaged daily with Art. j. and vit. C co-administration for 30 days. ZnO NPs group showed a high significant increase in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase enzyme (ALP) and gamma glutamyltransferase(GGT) activities, serum total and direct bilirubin, creatinine, urea and uric acid levels, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and malondialdhyde (MDA) levels. While, it showed a high significant decrease in serum albumin, protein and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) activities, as well as blood hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and packed cell volume (PCV) as compared with control group. ZnO NPs groups that were treated by vit. C or Art. j. showed partial ameliorative effect against ZnO NPs-induced hepatorenal toxicity with convergent degree, but the efficacy of Art.j. was better than vit. C. ZnO NPs group that was treated by vit. C and Art. j. co-administration showed marked significant curative effects against ZnO NPs- induced hepatorenal toxicity.

Bioactive extract of Artemisia judaica causes in vitro inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV and pancreatic/intestinal enzymes of the carbohydrate absorption cascade: implication for anti-diabetic new molecular entities (NMEs)

Artemisia judaica is used in traditional medicine in the Arabian Gulf to treat several ailments including diabetes. The present study evaluated the hydro-methanolic extract obtained from aerial parts of A. judaica (AJ-HA) for its potential to inhibit key blood sugar modulating enzymes in vitro and its antioxidant activity with phytochemical composition. AJ-HA was tested for in vitro hypoglycemic effect by its potential to inhibit pancreatic α-amylase, intestinal α-glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV). Antioxidant activity was determined by assessing the potential of the extract through scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. Quantitative phytochemical evaluation was performed by determining the total content of phenolics, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids. Interestingly the extract showed inhibitory potential for all the three key enzymes that are involved in modulating the blood glucose levels namely: α-amylase, α-glucosidase and DPP IV with IC50s in the range of 758.96–2447.40 µg/mL. AJ-HA also showed significant scavenging activity for DPPH radicals with IC50 of 85.89 µg/mL. Quantitative estimations confirmed the abundance of various phytochemical classes particularly saponins and tannins. As such, this is a proof of concept study wherein our results demonstrate that A. judaica which is used in traditional medicine for anti-diabetic properties contains active metabolites that have the potential to inhibit key blood sugar modulating enzymes. Our findings therefore has implication that warrants further investigation of A. judaica in animal models and further for the identification of lead compounds as new molecular entities for management of diabetes.

Inhibitive effect of Artemisia Judaica Herbs extract on the corrosion of carbon steel in hydrochloric acid solutions

Inhibitive effect of Artemisia Judaica Herbs extract on the corrosion of carbon steel in hydrochloric acid solutions

A review of the most effective medicinal plants for dermatophytosis in traditional medicine

Fungi can evade the immune system via different processes, including recombination, mitosis, and expression of genes involved in oxidative stress responses. These processes can lead to chronic fungal diseases. Despite the growth of health care facilities, the incidence rate of fungal infections is still considerably high. Dermatophytes represent the main cause of cutaneous diseases. Dermatophytes attack keratinized tissues, such as nail, hair, and stratum corneum, due of their gravitation towards keratin, which leads to dermatophytosis. Medicinal plants have long been used to treat different diseases, and in the recent years, use of plant-based products to fight fungal, bacterial, and parasitic infections have attracted extensive attention. This is because the use of medicinal plants has many advantages, such as decreased costs and fewer side effects. This review article was conducted to report medicinal plants with anti-dermatophytosis properties. Seventy-six articles were retrieved from databases Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. After exclusion of duplicate and irrelevant articles, 54 articles were selected. Of the remaining articles, 23 articles were screened and included in this study. According to the findings, Azadirachta indica, Capparis spinosa, Anagallisarvensis, Juglans regia, Inula viscosa, Phagnalon rupestre, Plumbago europaea, Ruscus aculeatus, Ruta chalepensis, Salvia fruticosa, Artemisia judaica, Ballota undulate, Cleome amblyocarpa, Peganum harmala, Teucrium polium, Aegle marmelos, Artemisia sieberi, Cuminum cyminum, Foeniculum vulgare, Heracleum persicum, Mentha spicata, Nigella sativa, and Rosmarinus officinalis are the most effective plants against dermatophytes which have been identified to date.

HiGh-performance thin-layer chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of vulgarin and epivulgarin biomarkers in Artemisia judaica L.

Novel, simple, and sensitive high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) with fluorescence detection method has been successfully established and validated for the simultaneous determination of vulgarin and epivulgarin in different collections of Artemisia judaica. HPTLC method was carried out using glass plates coated with silica gel 60 F254 using petroleum ether‒acetone (7:3, v/v) as the mobile phase. After development, the plates were scanned and quantified densitometrically at 224 nm for both vulgarin and epivulgarin. The two compounds’ peaks from A. judaica were identified by comparing their single spot at RF = 0.30 ± 0.02 and RF = 0.36 ± 0.01, respectively, with those of vulgarin and epivulgarin. Linear regression analysis revealed a good linear relationship between peak area and amount of vulgarin and epivulgarin in the range of 100–700 ng band−1 for both compounds. The method was validated, in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines, for precision, acc...

Comparative Studies of Chemical Compostion, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil of Some Species from Genus Artemisia

Background and Objective: Some species from genus Artemisia were used in ancient medicine since Pharaonic civilization, most species of this genus are grown in arid or desert zones in Egypt. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the chemical constituents, antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of the essential oils of three species of Artemisia ( Artemisia sieberi , Artemisia judaica and Artemisia monosperma ) grown in Egypt. Materials and Methods: Chemical constituent of the essential oils of these species were analysed by GC-MS, antibacterial activities were carried out using disc-diffusion test and antioxidant properties were investigated with Iron, Fe (III) to Fe (II) reduction and DPPH radical scavenging capacity. Results: The results of chemical analysis revealed similarity between the three species in 20 compounds, the major compounds identified in essential oils were verbenol, (7.5 % and 11.51%) in A. sieberi and A. monosperma , I²-caryophyllene oxide (1.25 % – 0.78%) and Methyl jasmonate (0.9 % and 1.21 %) in A. sieberi and A. judaica , respectively. While the major compound in A. judaica was Lilac alcohol C (9.6%) and camphor (4.5%). The antibacterial investigation exhibited significant and broad-spectrum antibacterial efficacy of A. monosperma and A. judaica against different strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Whereas, A. sieberi showed higher antibacterial efficacy against the gram-positive bacteria but weak or no effect against the Gram-negative bacteria. The results of the antioxidant investigation showed that A. sieberi present the higher reduction capacity with an IC 50 of 0.17 ± 0.03g/L, followed by A. judaica with an IC 50 of 0.58 ± 0.04g/L and A. monosperma with an IC 50 of 6.35 ± 0.41g/L. However, the reducing capacity of ascorbic acid and quercetin were 0.091 ± 0.002g/L and 0.026 ± 0.002g/L respectively. Conclusion: The present study revealed that the essential oils of A. sieberi , A. judaica and A. monosperm a possesses significant antioxidant and antibacterial activity, which attributed to the plenty of varied chemical compounds in these medicinal plants.

In-Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Herbal Extracts From Tabuk Region (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) Against Nosomial Pathogens: A Preliminary Study

AIM: The study aims to investigate the antimicrobial activity of herbal extracts from Tabuk region against nosocomial pathogens.MATERIAL & METHODS: The plants included in this study were collected according to United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The plants were grinded into fine powder using electric grinder, and the powder was transferred into air tight containers. Extracts of this powder was prepared in form of stock solution that was further used for preparing solutions of different concentrations. Antibacterial tests including minimum inhibitory concentration and maximum bactericidal concentration, broth dilution method, and well-diffusion method were performed.RESULTS: The current study has determined the herbs that possess antimicrobial activity against the most common nosocomial pathogens. The sample extracts including Achinella fragrantissima, Artemisia judaica, Caralluma quadrangular, Cleome droserifera, Rhyza stricta, Moringa, and Ochradenus baccatus were tested for organisms including; Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. The results have depicted positive anti-microbial activity of herbal shrubs.CONCLUSION: The results have demonstrated positive and promising anti-microbial activities against the nosocomial pathogens.

Antioxidant Activity of Phenolic and Alkaloid Fractions Accumulated in Artemisia Judaica and Artemisia Herba Alba

Genus Artemisia are desert plants spread in the Egypt and Saudi Arabia. The methanol extract of the aerial parts of Artemisia herba alba and Artemisia judaica grown in the arid zones in the Northern regions of Saudi Arabia and North Sinai, in Egypt were subjected to the primary phytochemical analysis which, showed the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins and sterols. The GC-MS analysis of the methanolic extract exhibited numerous compounds, 11 compounds were identified as phenolic compounds, ferulic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid and derivatives of cinnamic acid (ethyl cinnamate). The highest phenolics content in A.herba alba grown in Saudi Arabia was observed for methyl cinnamate, (8.2 %) and the lowest methyl ferulate (0.02 %) for A. judica grown in Egypt. The quantization analysis of GC-MS revealed high amount of phenolic acid in the plant grow in Saudi Arabia than the plant collected from Egypt. The radical scavenging activities of two plant were studied by 1,1-diphenyl -2-pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH), EC (50) values were determined for A.herba alba and A.judaica (0.122, and 0.56 mg/ml) growing in Saudi Arabia and A.herba alba and A. judaica (1.7 and 0. 67 mg/ml ) growing in Egypt. Total alkaloid content was analysed and some alkaloid compounds was identified by GC-MS, viz. dasycarpidan-1-methanol, acetate, pseudosolasodine diacetate and morphinan4,5epoxy3,6-diol. Certain compounds were rich in Saudi plant but not detected in plants grown in Egypt, which reflect the role of environment adaptation of plant by accumulation of only certain compounds.

Inhibitive effect of artemisia judaica extract as green corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in sulfuric acid solution

Inhibitive effect of artemisia judaica extract as green corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in sulfuric acid solution

Genetic differentiation in the medicinal plant Artemisia judaica L. populations in Saint-Catherine area, South Sinai, Egypt

Artemisia judaica is a wild medicinal plant which is exposed to serious threats due to natural drought and human impacts that justify attempts to document its genetic diversity for sustainable conservation. Genetic diversity based on variation in key morphological traits and ISSR fingerprinting was used to differentiate between A. judaica plants collected from seven different populations in South Sinai mountainous area of Saint-Catherine in Egypt. A total polymorphism percent of 64.66% was recorded and Nei's genetic diversity within the seven populations was 0.1574. In addition, the results revealed a low gene flow (Nm=0.8344), which reflects a limited gene exchange between populations and a high degree of genetic differentiation. The principal coordinates analysis (PCA) indicated that the variation is mostly attributed to individuals' variation. The results of multiple regression analysis (MRA) showed a total of eight quantitative morphological traits associated with ISSR markers. Interestingly, the UPGMA cluster analysis of A. judaica individual plants from the seven populations showed a spatial pattern corresponds to the sites from which they were collected. A. judaica populations are found to be separated into two gene poles depending on STRUCTRE and PCA analyses. The significant genetic difference between these two gene poles might be due to possible variate evolutionary events from a single common ancestor, which originated by fragmentation of their common ancestor's range due to mountainous topography of this studied area. The results may recommend the in-situ conservation measures as the most effective and economical approach.

ALLELOPATHIC ACTIVITY OF SOME DESERT PLANTS AGAINST PLANT PATHOGENIC BACTERIA AND NEMATODES

The extensive use of chemicals in plant protection has given rise to concerns about pesticide residues in the environment and to the development of pesticide-resistance by any organisms. Allelopathic plants offer better alternative for this purpose due to being cost-saving, eco-friendly, easy to use, efficient and safe. So, the present work was carried out to evaluate the allelopathic effect of three desert plants (Artemisia judaica, Asphodelus microcarpus, Solanum nigrum) on root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and three gram negative pathogenic bacterial strains (Erwinia carotovora, Xanthomonas campestris and Ralestonia solanacearum) using root exudates and leaf extracts of each plant with different concentrations. Under laboratory conditions, the data indicated that the three plants contain nematicidal compounds; the inhibitory effect was proportional to the concentrations used. Artemisia judaica extract showed the highest level (100%) of nematicidal activity and indicated good antibacterial activities against all the tested bacterial strains also recorded the best result of minimum inhibitory concentration followed by A.microcarpus root exudate. While the root exudate of A.judaica, S. nigrum had no antibacterial activity, leaf extracts of S. nigrum had weak antibacterial activity. Aqueous leaf extracts of A.judaica appears to be attractive for the development of nematicidal and bactericidal bio- pesticides.

Chemical composition and bilogical effects of essential oil of Artemisia judaica an endemic plant from central Sahara of Algeria Hoggar

Chemical composition and bilogical effects of essential oil of Artemisia judaica an endemic plant from central Sahara of Algeria Hoggar

Protective Effect of Artemisia judaica against Doxorubicin-Induced Toxicity in Mice

Protective Effect of Artemisia judaica against Doxorubicin-Induced Toxicity in Mice

Morphological Characterization and Biological Activity of Some ethno-medicinal Plants of Sinai-Egypt

Multiple approaches of taxonomic analyses (e.g., documentation of the biological origin and morphological characteristics) are important for characterizing herbal drugs in a systematic manner to reach authentication, and thus maintaining herbal drug efficacy. Sixteen ethno-medicinal plant species belonging to sixteen genera and ten families collected from Wadi Alarbaeen of Saint Catherine, Sinai, Egypt were investigated macro- and micromorphologically. 70% ethanolic extracts of these plants also were investigated for their biological activity versus different microorganisms. Results showed that powerfull activity was recorded for some studied taxa viz. Achillea fragrantissima, Alkanna orientalis, Artemisia judaica, Asclepias sinaica, Capparis spinosa, Fagonia glutinosa, Matthiola arabica, Nitraria retusa, Origanum syriacum, Peganum harmala, Phlomis aurea, Pyrethrum santolinoides, Retama raetam, Teucrium polium and Verbascum sinaiticum. These plants of medicinal importance were fully described macro- and micromorphologically for easier and more accurate identification. The conclusion of the obtained results was that morpho-anatomical characters and biological activity not only provide characters for their correct taxonomic authentication, but also serve as standard data for the quality assessment of the pharmaceutical preparation of herbal drugs.

Physico-Chemical Study and Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Artemisia judaica L. Essential Oil, Growing in Illizi, Algeria

Physico-Chemical Study and Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Artemisia judaica L. Essential Oil, Growing in Illizi, Algeria

Adulticidal, larvicidal and biochemical properties of essential oils against Culex pipiens L

In this study, the insecticidal properties of sixteen essential oils isolated from Egyptian plants were evaluated against the fourth instar larvae and adults of Culex pipiens L. The inhibitory effects of most active essential oils on the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases) were also tested. In larvicidal assay against Cx. pipiens, the oils of Artemisia monosperma, S. terebinthifolius and Origanum vulgare showed the highest insecticidal activity with LC50 values of 7.73, 8.14 and 8.40mg/l after 24h of treatment and 2.63, 3.46 and 6.74mg/l after 48h of treatment. On the contrary, the oils of Schinus molle and Rosmarinus officinalis were the less effective. The results of fumigant toxicity assay against the adults of Cx. pipiens revealed that the tested oils had remarkable toxicity based on their LC50 values which ranged between 0.06 and 12.84mg/l. The oil of Artemisia judaica was the most active with an estimated LC50 value of 0.06mg/l air after 24h of treatment, while the oil of Citrus paradisi was less active. The essential oils of A. monosperma, O. vulgare, S. terebinthifolius and C. paradisi elicited marked enzymatic inhibition towards AChE and ATPases isolated from Cx. pipiens larvae. These results indicated that the essential oils have potential for the development of natural larvicides and fumigants for Cx. pipiens control.

The genus Artemisia L. in the northern region of Saudi Arabia: essential oil variability and antibacterial activities

Four species of the genus Artemisia L. (Artemisia monosperma, Artemisia scoparia, Artemisia judaica and Artemisia sieberi) growing in the northern region of Saudi Arabia were investigated with respect to their volatile oil contents. The yield of oil varied between 0.30 and 0.41%, % (w/w). A. monosperma showed the highest number of compounds with 30 components representing 93.78% of oil composition. However, A. judaica showed the lowest number of compounds with only 16 components representing 87.47% of essential oil. A. scoparia and A. sieberi are both composed of 17 components, representing 97.14 and 94.2% of total oil composition. A. sieberi and A. judaica were dominated by spathulenol (30.42 and 28.41%, respectively). For A. monosperma, butanoic acid (17.87%) was a major component. However, A. scoparia was a chemotype of acenaphthene. (83.23%). Essential oil of studied species showed high antibacterial activities against common human pathogens.

Chemical composition and biological activities of Artemisia judaica essential oil from southern desert of Jordan

Ethnopharmacologic relevanceArtemisia judaica L. (Arabic name: Beithran), is a medicinal and aromatic plant growing in the valley bottoms of desert areas, particularly in the southern desert of Jordan nearest to the Jordan-Saudi Arabia borders and in Wadi Araba in the Southern Badia. In Jordan, A. judaica is widely used in traditional medicine being recommended by aboriginal Bedouins in the North Badia region of Jordan as calmative. Furthermore, it is used for the treatment of stomach ache, heart diseases, sexual weakness, diabetes, gastro-intestinal disorders and external wounding. Additionally, other folk medicines of the Arabic region commonly use this aromatic plant for the treatment of inflammatory-related diseases, for instance fungal infections, diabetes, atherosclerosis, cancer and arthritis. Aim of the studyConsidering the traditional medicinal uses and the lack of scientific studies addressing the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind A. judaica claimed activities, the present study was designed to validate some of the traditional uses ascribed to this species, specifically the antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities of A. judaica essential oil at doses devoid of cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. Materials and methodsChemical analysis of A. judaica essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation from aerial parts was carried out by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The antifungal activity (minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal lethal concentrations) was evaluated against yeasts, dermatophyte and Aspergillus strains. In order to deeply explore the mechanisms behind the anti-fungal effect of the essential oil, the germ tube inhibition assay and the biofilms formation assay were evaluated using Candida albicans. The assessment of cell viability was accomplished using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in both hepatocytes and macrophages. Furthermore, the in vitro anti-inflammatory potential of A. judaica oil was evaluated by measuring nitric oxide (NO) production using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophages. ResultsOxygen containing monoterpenes are a representative group of constituents (68.7%) with piperitone (30.4%), camphor (16.1%) and ethyl cinnamate (11.0%) as main compounds. The highest antifungal activity of the oil was observed against Cryptococcus neoformans, with a MIC value of 0.16µL/mL. The oil revealed an important inhibitory effect on germ tube formation in C. albicans with 80% inhibition of filamentation at a concentration of 0.16µL/mL. Importantly, the oil also interfered with pre-formed biofilms by reducing the amount of the attached biomass. Furthermore, the essential oil significantly inhibited NO production evoked by LPS on macrophages at concentrations with very low toxicity (0.32µL/mL) or without toxicity (0.16µL/mL) to both macrophages and hepatocytes. ConclusionsThe present study revealed that A. judaica essential oil from Jordan significantly inhibited germ tube formation and disrupted preformed biofilms of C. albicans, emphasizing the therapeutic potential for the treatment of disseminated candidiasis. Additionally, safe concentrations of this essential oil significantly inhibited NO production elicited by LPS in macrophages, highlighting its potential anti-inflammatory activity. Overall, A. judaica bears promising therapeutic potential for further drug development. Importantly, this work also validates some of the traditional uses of A. judaica.

Impact of varying elevations on growth and activities of antioxidant enzymes of some medicinal plants of Saudi Arabia

Tabuk is the northwestern province of Saudi Arabia which is characterized by highly variable climatic conditions that ranges from extreme cold to extreme hot which not only supports the growth of a huge variety of medicinally important plants but also modulates the inherent medicinal potential of these plants. Keeping these points in view, the present work was designed to evaluate the effect of climatic conditions on growth physiological and biochemical attributes of five medicinal plants namely, Artemisia judaica, Achillea fragrantissima, Teucrium polium, Lavandula pubescens and Retama raetam. We collected each plant species from four different elevations of Tabuk region namely Jabal Al-Lawz (2580m asl: higher elevation), Jabal Al-Harrah (1370m asl; medium elevation), Jordan Road (760m asl; lower elevation) and Tabuk City (760m asl; lower elevation). The plants growing at medium elevation of 1370m exhibited better growth and physiological performance than the others that may be ascribed to enhanced leaf water, Chl and protein content as we recorded for these plants. Maximum and minimum accumulation of secondary metabolites corresponded to the plants grown at the higher and lower altitude, respectively. The antioxidant enzyme activities were highest at 1370m asl that might have contributed to the improved growth and physiological attributes. Consequently, the results obtained in this study strongly suggest that plants grown at medium elevation of 1370m asl possess higher activity of antioxidant enzymes, whereas, plants at higher elevation of 2580m are best for medicinal use because they accumulated higher level of secondary metabolites.