Army Officer Research Articles

«И на крымском побережье свой закончили исход»: судьбы офицеров-однополчан в конце «Большой» Гражданской войны

Importance. The life trajectories of the Russian Imperial Army officers group who stayed in the Crimea at the final stage of the “Great” Civil War are considered. The importance of the research lies in the fact that the sample is based on fates of the officers who served in various units in the Tambov governorate on the eve of the World War I and were subsequently plunged into the abyss of the national strife. Materials and Methods. The research is based on the materials of archival sources, Memory Books and electronic databases. The work is based on the prosopographical research method, which allowed to establish the life trajectories of the studied characters. Results and Discussion. It is found that of all the participants of the sample, only the revolution opponents were in Crimea. It is interesting that they were in each of the consideredunits. It is not found any mention of fellow soldiers who enlisted in the Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army and fought on the peninsula. Conclusions. The denouement of the “Crimean Epopoeia” for most of them also looks typical in many respects. Someone was able to leave the peninsula, and for some it became “final residence”. In some cases it is also possible to trace the emigrant path of mentioned characters, which, has a very serious significance.

How to Enhance the Communicative Ability of L2 Learners: A Case of Afghan Cadets

This qualitative study explored the perceived experiences of Afghan English language teachers teaching at the Afghanistan National Army Officers Academy in terms of the student’s communication, motivation, and willingness to communicate. The study also investigated the challenges faced by language teachers when teaching English communication skills to military students and the most effective instructional strategies for enhancing student communication skills and motivation levels. Data was collected through Skype interviews with five Afghan teachers and analyzed through deductive thematic analysis coding. The findings revealed the challenges faced by instructors and the most effective instructional strategies for enhancing communication skills and motivation among students. The study highlights the importance of considering the experiences and challenges faced by language teachers in enhancing the acquisition of English communication skills and motivation levels among students and the need for considering the context and challenges faced by instructors in developing effective pedagogical approaches.

«Награда воинскому мужеству». Военный орден Святого Людовика: предпосылки создания, статут, первые кавалеры (1693–1715 гг.)

Throughout its centuries-old history, France has taken part in many wars. Its expansion was especially active in the XVII-XIX centuries. In the modern era, namely during the reign of King Louis XIV (1643-1715), France pursued an aggressive foreign policy, trying to annex not only the territories of neighboring states, but also to extend its influence throughout Europe. The consequence was the need to improve the system of state awards for the Royal Army officer corps. Based on the analysis of previously published documents, biographical reference books, scientific monographs and articles, this article examines the prerequisites for the creation, statute and pages of biographies of the first cavaliers of the Military Order of St. Louis (1693–1715).

An Experimental Evaluation of Deferred Acceptance: Evidence from Over 100 Army Officer Labor Markets

An Experimental Evaluation of Deferred Acceptance: Evidence from Over 100 Army Officer Labor Markets

Sprawa ppłk. Józefa Biernackiego jako przyczynek do badań nad dwuinstancyjnością Oficerskiego Sądownictwa Honorowego w II Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej

In the Second Polish Republic the Officers’ Courts of Honor was important in shaping the attitudes of Polish army officers. Its role was focused on, among other things, the selection of judges and the processing and imposition of penalties. The court had a two-stage system, which made it possible to verify the legitimacy of an earlier judgment. The paper uses the case of Lt. Col. Józef Biernacki as an example of how the court functioned

Dwór i zbiory Michała Pawlikowskiego w Medyce

The manor and collections of Michał Pawlikowski in Medyka In 1809 Józef Benedykt Pawlikowski bought a landed estate in Medyka near Przemyśl from Wincenty Głogowski. Since then until 1939 Medyka remained in the hands of successive members of the Pawlikowski family, who made it their family hearth and main administrative centre of their large estate. Under the Pawlikowskis Medyka was not only a prosperous estate but also an important culture centre. The Medyka manor played an exceptional role between the wars, when it was a renowned literary centre and a painter’s atelier. Michał Pawlikowski (1887–1970), the last owner of Medyka, built a new manor between 1920 and 1927, where he ran a private publishing house called “Biblioteka Medycka” (The Medyka Library). The atmosphere of the place attracted representatives of the cultural elite of the period, famous politicians, outstanding scholars, army officers and clergy. The invaluable archival material and works of art accumulated in the manor reflected his archivist and collector’s passions. This paper presents Michał Pawlikowski as the last owner of the Medyka manor and also as an art collector and patron of the arts. The text discusses the development of the manor in Medyka with special attention paid to architectural achievements of particular members of the Pawlikowski family. The paper also describes at length the residence erected by Michał after the First World War, its architecture and the invaluable collections accumulated inside it, including the legacy of artist Artur Grottger and manuscripts of eminent Polish poets.

Количественный анализ сводной базы данных, извлеченных из книг «Память. Санл»: время, место рождения и призыва

Introduction. The article examines the four volumes of The Memory. Sanl from a quantitative perspective. The edition publishes an annotated list of ca. 34,500 Red Army soldiers and officers largely conscripted in the Kalmyk ASSR — and subsequently classified as KIAs and MIAs between 1941 and 1945. Goals. The paper attempts a quantitative analysis of somewhat consolidated database compiled from Kalmykia’s natives conscripted into the Soviet military forces in 1941–1945 — and contained in the four volumes of The Memory. Sanl. Materials and methods. The wide range of research methods employed includes both general scientific (synthesis, comparison, analysis, etc.) and statistical ones. Results. The insights into the database show the edition comprises quite a number of repetitions, mistakes and inaccuracies — mainly in spellings of personal names — which has required that corresponding corrections and revisions be introduced. The volumes mention a total of 26,458 KIAs and MIAs conscripted in the Kalmyk ASSR, at least half of them having been natives of Kalmykia. Furthermore, the consolidated list includes natives of other regions, primarily the bordering ones — Rostov Oblast, Stalingrad Oblast, and Ordzhonikidze Krai. The analysis by age shows the bulk of KIAs and MIAs from Kalmykia had been born between 1910 and 1924, since the latter were conscripted either prior to the war or during the earliest period when the Red Army was experiencing the severest casualties.

육군 초임장교의 그릿, 사회적 지지, 감염병 위험지각이 직무만족에 미치는 영향

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of grit, social support, and infectious disease risk perception on job satisfaction among newly commissioned ROK army officers. Methods: The study design was a descriptive correlational study. 169 officers participated in this study. Data were collected on grit, social support, infectious disease risk perception, and job satisfaction using an online survey. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and multiple regression using SPSS. Results: The job satisfaction was 3.73±0.92. The factors affecting on job satisfaction were social support, service plan: uncertain, grit, perceived health condition, and service plan: short-term. Conclusion: Promoting grit and social support should be recommended to improve the job satisfaction of Newly commissioned ROK army officers. Strategies to enhance grit for ROK army officers in their training period and programs to maintain the level of social support during their service term are suggested.

Армия и полиция в царской России: проблемы взаимоотношений

The paper is devoted to a problem of interaction of two major departments of imperial Russia – the military ministry and the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The author marks, that it was carried out in many directions, the main of which, in his opinion, was the cooperation in the sphere of police activity. The military men initially carried out police functions. Transition of military men in police was easier, than transition of police officers to the army service. Full submission of police to the military ministry in the Russian territories of Central Asia (Russian Turkestan) was especially significant. If in other regions of the country, the district police was separated from administrative authority, in Turkestan it was connected with it. The chief of administration of district was simultaneously the chapter of police administration, where there were army officers, and even civil officials in Russian Turkestan were obliged to wear the military uniform. As a result of research, the author comes to conclusion that neither army, nor police could rescue the Russian autocracy from historically inevitable crash.

The cattle-ranching economy in the Bolivian Chaco during the 1800s

The Bolivian Chaco on the margins of Pilcomayo River was a contested area during the 1800s. Tobas and other Indigenous Peoples boldly resisted the state’s occupation of their territories, keeping the frontier unstable for decades. I argue that Bolivian settlers gradually occupied the pastures along the river using violence, encouraged by state policies, and supported by army officers stationed in forts. Local merchants, Franciscan missionaries, and Avá-Guaraní neófitos played important roles in this process. I sought to better understand the viewpoints of state administrators and settlers. The views of Toba people remained opaque, beyond their actions to protect their lands from the ranchers’ encroachment. My approach combined ethnographic and historical methods to shed light on the expansion of the cattle-ranching economy from a perspective inspired in settler colonial studies.

Interpreting Empire: English, U.S. Advisors, and Interpreters in the Korean War

Abstract The Korean Military Advisory Group (kmag) – a relatively small unit of U.S. Army officers – developed, advised, and exerted influence over the Republic of Korea (rok) Army from its inception in 1946 through the signing of the Korean War armistice in July 1953. kmag advisors served down to the battalion level, working alongside South Korean counterparts in rok Army units, causing language to be a crucial battlefield that animated American anxieties and negative racial assumptions. In a moment when few, if any, American military officers had Korean language proficiency, South Koreans with English-language capability became essential to the U.S. foreign policy project in South Korea. South Korean interpreters, too, amplified racialized concerns about the trustworthiness of rok soldiers. This article places American understandings of language in kmag affairs into critical focus, highlighting the cultural assumptions that came to effect material change in U.S. Army policy towards the rok Army before and during the Korean War. It shows how language was a means of U.S. penetration into the fabric of Korean state and society, but also a target of imaginations that disturbed the U.S. military because of its consistent reminder of how language could resist American suggestion.

Officers from Central Russia — Participants in the Civil War on the Eastern Front: Combat Path from West to East

The paper considers the problem of relocation of the Russian Imperial Army officers from the western military actions theater of World War I to the eastern front of the Civil War. The work is based on the fates of officers from the central provinces of the Russian Empire (Voronezh, Kursk and Tambov), who were moved to the East by the maelstrom of "Great Troubles" events, having scattered them on different sides of the barricades. The author concludes that the channels of entry into the White Armies in the East were different. Some officers ended up behind the Urals during the so-called Great War, having been transferred there on duty. During the great changes that were brewing during the revolutionary period of February-October 1917 and the beginning of the Civil War, some officers reached out to their families in the east, wanting to ensure the safety of their kin. Others, having no direct ties to eastern Russia, rushed there with fellow officers from Siberia and the Far East, drawn by the principles of military brotherhood. For officers who sided with the revolution, the path was determined by a direct order, to which some were faithful to the end, and some were ready for treason. On the basis of the studied materials the author draws conclusions about the typical character of the time, reflected in the variety of fates of former officers of the imperial army, who fought in the East of the country during the era of great upheaval.

Factors Determining Attitude among Non-Malays to Join the Army in Malaysia

Desirably the defense of any nation should encompass citizens from the different ethnic groups as this marks greater patriotism and diversity in the armed forces. Malaysia is targeting to achieve a higher number of non-Malays as army recruits to overcome the low number of non-Malays in this sector. The main aim of this study is to determine the level of attitude among non-Malays to enlist in the Malaysian Armed Forces and its’ influencing factors. This is a quantitative study involving a sample size of 1,033 non-Malay students studying in secondary schools in Malaysia. The instrument was developed based on the previous literature. SPSS was used for the purpose of descriptive and inferential analysis. The study found that the attitude among non-Malays to join the armed forces is at a moderate level. Based on the findings, the study recommends more awareness programs conducted by successful non-Malay army officers to be held at the community level that will further expose and entice young non-Malays to join the army.

Conrad Seabaugh & Company: An Inside Look at an Illinois Hinterland Merchant

Conrad Seabaugh & Company: An Inside Look at an Illinois Hinterland Merchant

The Greek Revolution, 1821 and the Making of Modern Europe, by Mark Mazower

Anglophone readers have the good fortune of turning to the work of David Brewer and Roderick Beaton for learned histories of Greece’s rocky path to independence (the first nation-state to emerge after 1815). Mark Mazower is an eminent historian of Europe’s dark twentieth century and Greece’s troubled past. He is a household name among undergraduates across the world who devour his books. It must have been something of a gamble for him to stray outside familiar territory and enter post-Napoleonic Europe. The result is not merely felicitous but a page-turning tour de force. Few could hope to rival Mazower’s command of the languages needed to understand the Greek revolution … and what a revolution it was! Most revolutions have begun in urban centres and were led by intellectuals, lawyers and army officers in a bid to replace arbitrary rule with constitutional government. Greece’s casting-off of the Ottoman yoke could not have been more different. This revolution is best described as amphibious. The Aegean was to be a vital conduit for the spread of ideas, funds, supplies and weapons. It all started with a secret society (akin to the carbonari) known as filiki eteria (friendly society). Its adherents were Greek merchants whose networks stretched from the Black Sea to the Aegean and Adriatic. Their mission was not merely to instil ethnic solidarity among their diaspora; they also wanted to raise an armed rebellion against the Sultan. This was planned to take place not just in Greece, but was supposed to destroy the Ottoman navy in dock in Istanbul, at the very heart of the Empire (this plan was a dismal failure in the end). To the north, Prince Alexandros Ypsilantis ignited a shambolic rebellion in the Danubian principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia. This was quickly suppressed, and the Sultan then turned his attention to his quarrelsome governor of Albania, Ali Pasha, the Lion of Janina. With his troops deployed in besieging Ali’s stronghold in southern Albania, the Greeks of the Morea rose in rebellion under false promises from the eteria that Russia would intervene militarily.

An Officer and a Spy: Roman Polanski in the Benjaminian Interior

Roman Polanski’s An Officer and a Spy (2019) represents France of La Belle Époque not through cafés, cabarets, and literary salons but as a military state of dilapidated army offices filled with half-asleep soldiers, dust, stink, and clouds of suspicion. The Third Republic seems suspended between its revolutionary past and the bleak present: the lost war with Germany and constant governmental scandals. The country recedes into the interior to try less grandeur methods like plotting, spying and surveillance. Polanski recounts the era through the Dreyfus Affair (1894-1906), treated not as a designed plot but as a logical outcome of the bureaucratic system of the state. I analyse An Officer and a Spy historically alongside Walter Benjamin’s writing on the interior. Benjamin’s interior is a complex space that can function as a protective space, a space of death or inertia, a space of history and action as well as a colonising space that brings together the far and the near through colonial objects and customs.

Why Do Senior Officers Sometimes Fail in Character? The Leaky Character Reservoir

This article argues senior officers may fail in character because their rate of character development throughout their careers typically decreases as environmental stressors rise. It conceptualizes character as an open system with both gains and leaks over time and integrates existing scholarship on personality and ethical development to create the Leaky Character Reservoir framework, which it then applies to Army officers’ careers. Military leaders will gain a new understanding of character and find specific actions officers, units, and the US Army can undertake to strengthen the character of its senior officers.

THE REPRESENTATION OF SOCIAL ACTOR STRATEGIES ENFOLDED IN AUSTRALIAN NEWSPAPER

The purposes of this research are to explain how and why Sydney Morning Herald communicates its ideologies in such a way through the social actors represented in news reports. The data collected were analyzed by using Fairclough’s and Van Dijk’s model of Critical Discourse analysis (CDA) and Theo Van Leeuwen’s framework of the representation of social actors. The findings show that the newspaper viewed the Out group social actors which were Indonesian government, Indonesian army and Indonesian military officers and In Group social actors which were Australian, Papuan activists and those who support Papuan conflict, in terms of assimilation, nomination and categorization, functionalization and identification, Impersonalization. These categorizations serve different purposes. Those which are related to the Out groups express a purpose to emphasize their brutality, superiority and dominance towards the indigenous Papuans. However, In Groups social actors were indicated as peace makers. These findings illustrate Australia’s political ideologies and hidden agenda for Indonesia. Australia is liberal country which respects individual freedom; therefore, government must protect and get justice. That is why, it is also became Australia’s responsibility to give aids to Papuans who is seeking better place as stated in the international law. Furthermore, Australia’s attitudes in trying to interference the conflict by providing a place for the Papuan asylum seekers is a picture of how this country is concerned towards Indonesia

THE REPRESENTATION OF SOCIAL ACTOR STRATEGIES ENFOLDED IN AUSTRALIAN NEWSPAPER

The purposes of this research are to explain how and why Sydney Morning Herald communicates its ideologies in such a way through the social actors represented in news reports. The data collected were analyzed by using Fairclough’s and Van Dijk’s model of Critical Discourse analysis (CDA) and Theo Van Leeuwen’s framework of the representation of social actors. The findings show that the newspaper viewed the Out group social actors which were Indonesian government, Indonesian army and Indonesian military officers and In Group social actors which were Australian, Papuan activists and those who support Papuan conflict, in terms of assimilation, nomination and categorization, functionalization and identification, Impersonalization. These categorizations serve different purposes. Those which are related to the Out groups express a purpose to emphasize their brutality, superiority and dominance towards the indigenous Papuans. However, In Groups social actors were indicated as peace makers. These findings illustrate Australia’s political ideologies and hidden agenda for Indonesia. Australia is liberal country which respects individual freedom; therefore, government must protect and get justice. That is why, it is also became Australia’s responsibility to give aids to Papuans who is seeking better place as stated in the international law. Furthermore, Australia’s attitudes in trying to interference the conflict by providing a place for the Papuan asylum seekers is a picture of how this country is concerned towards Indonesia

The influence of job burnout on the attention ability of army soldiers and officers: Evidence from ERP.

Job burnout is one of the most widespread mental problems in today's society and seriously affects the mental health and combat effectiveness of soldiers and officers. Herein, the effect of burnout on individual attention is studied from the perspective of neuroelectrophysiology. A total of 1,155 army soldiers and officers were included in this investigation and completed the Job Burnout Scale for Military Personnel. A total of 42 soldiers and officers were randomly selected from those with and without burnout to participate in an event-related potential (ERP) study using a visual oddball task. The characteristics of visual P3a and P3b at Fz, FCz, Cz, CPz, and Pz were recorded and analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). P < 0.05 was the criterion for a significant difference. The total average score on the Job Burnout Scale for Military Personnel among the participants was 0.74 ± 0.46, and the detection rate of job burnout was 29.85%. In the Oddball task, the average number of target stimuli counted in the burnout group was lower than that in the control group, but no significant difference was found. For P3a, the Fz, FCz, Cz, CPz, and Pz amplitudes in the burnout group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The average amplitude of P3a evoked in the central parietal area was larger than that in the prefrontal area. For P3b, the amplitudes of the five electrodes in the burnout group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The average amplitude of P3b evoked in the parietal region was larger than those in the prefrontal and central parietal regions. A certain degree of job burnout is evident in army soldiers and officers. The voluntary attention and involuntary attention of individuals with burnout are both affected to some extent, as reflected by the lower amplitudes of P3a and P3b. The results suggest that P3a and P3b can be used as indicators to monitor cognitive neural function in soldiers and officers with burnout and can also be used as references for evaluating the effects of cognitive training and screening methods. In this study, ERP was used to research the attention ability of soldiers and officers with job burnout, and related issues were discussed from the aspects of the burnout results, behavioral results, ERP results, compensation effect of cognitive resources, application in the military field, limitations, and prospects.