Army Officer Research Articles

Remotely Controlled Armed Surveillance Rover

A remotely operated ground vehicle was designed and developed for use in counter terrorism and counter-insurgency operations by the Indian Army. The Rover can traverse difficult terrain, extreme slopes, inspect suspicious objects (e.g. improvised explosive devices) with a robotic weapon with a camera(even when hidden under a bridge), and give visual feedback to an operator away at a safe distance of certain range. It can be operated using mobile and can be self-triggered when a command is given. Militaries are now equipped with various types of rovers. Rover for assistance and spy purposes are developing. This project represents an application of Rover in the military. This rover is 4-wheeled developed on a rocker-bogie mechanism. According torecent Rover developments, rovers with rocker-bogie mechanismscan glide on rough surfaces, sand, and loose soil easily. Thedegree of freedom for the rover is 4 with the ability to rotate 360°.This rover is equipped with frequency hopping which makes it ananti-hack device. This project is useful for attacking the opponentsin the war without losing our army officers. So by using thisproject we can do war without losing human life on our side.

Psycho-physiological prerequisites of the success of military-professional training of cadets of military institutions of higher education

The article examines in detail the educational process of military- professional training of future army officers, which made it possible to substantiate the structural-systemic approach to the chosen problem. The analysis of the data obtained as a result of testing the morphofunctional and motor indicators of the development of the body of the cadets of military institutions of higher education confirmed the general low physical condition of modern military personnel. Regarding physical capacity, this indicator is in the range from low to satisfactory in most cadets. The results of testing the motor readiness of future military personnel confirm the existing data on the insufficient development of endurance in young men and the insufficient development of endurance and speed in girls. The study of the psycho-emotional state of the cadets of the military institutions of higher education showed that the resistance to stress in extreme situations of the vast majority of future officers is in the range from above average to high levels. In addition, as a result of special studies, the dependence of the success of the formation of professional skills and abilities on the psychophysiological indicators of the development of the cadets' body, depending on gender and military specialization, was established. The results of the correlation analysis of the dependence of the success of the cadets' professional training on the psychophysiological indicators of their organism's development made it possible to determine the structure of the complex psychophysiological preparedness of future officers, taking into account gender and military specialization. Therefore, the differentiation of future officers by specialization and gender determines the selection of means of physical training of the appropriate orientation depending on the structure of complex psychophysiological training.

Fighting Smart: Living Systems Theory in the US Army's Strategic Thought

This article analyzes the relationship between living systems theory (LST) and the army's military doctrine in the 1980s. General Donn Starry, Colonel Mike Malone, and Major James Cary worked with James G. Miller, the founder of LST, to make the army more efficient at fighting a Soviet invasion of Western Europe. LST conceptualized that living organisms organized matter and energy and that its components could function because they worked as a part of the whole to adapt to their environment. The article reveals how these officers employed LST as a framework to model a reciprocal relationship between individual agency and collective unity in the army's hierarchical organization. Situating this doctrinal reform in the years after the end of the draft and the mainstreaming of neoclassical economics in the 1980s, it finds that the army officers were using LST to replace Robert McNamara's mechanical strategic paradigm used in the Vietnam War.

Quantifying Authority: Exploring Embodied Authority Among Indian Army Officers' Wives

Quantifying Authority: Exploring Embodied Authority Among Indian Army Officers' Wives

Death Penalty in the Lithuanian SSR in 1950–1990: Legal Grounds and Periods

The article reviews execution of death row inmates from the Lithuanian SSR between 1950 and 1990. It describes the procedure, the extension of the legal framework governing the enforcement of the death penalty, and the underlying trends. Four periods in the enforcement of the death penalty are discussed: 1) 1950–1952, when the majority of the death row inmates were shot down at the MGB internal prison in Vilnius; 2) 1952–1956, when the death row inmates were transported for execution to Butyrka prison in Moscow; 3) 1956–1969, when executions were carried out in Vilnius (criminals were shot dead in Lukiškių prison and political prisoners were shot dead in the KGB interrogation cell); 4) 1969–1990, when the death row inmates from the Lithuanian SSR profile were executed in the interrogation cell in Minsk (Byelorussian SSR). Between 1950 and 1990, 590 people in one or other way related to the Lithuanian SSR were shot or hanged; this figure includes 116 death row inmates shot in Moscow in 1952–1956, 87 death row inmates shot in Minsk in 1967–1990, 29 death row inmates convicted by Kaliningrad and Kirov courts and executed in Vilnius, and 8 Soviet Army officers sentenced to death and shot in Vilnius. The analysis of the personal stories of inmates and the dynamics of executions show that there was an essential breakthrough about 1956 when the number of political prisoners dropped considerably while the number of criminals started increasing rapidly. This trend allows us to explain a new role of the death penalty in the overall punishment system after 1956, specifically that it predominantly became a tool for combating crime, rather than for annihilating political opponents.

Former British Army officer named managing director of Vets for Pets.

Former British Army officer named managing director of Vets for Pets.

Unlocking What Makes Military Behavioral Health Interventions Work, Stumble, or Fade Away.

The Office of the Secretary of Defense and each of the services have made an unprecedented commitment to the prevention of sexual assault and related behavioral health phenomena. Indeed, the Department of Air Force has selected, in some cases tailored, and disseminated a wide array of evidence-based preventative programs, policies, and practices (EBPs) over the last few decades. However, many of these efforts seem to follow a predictable life course. EBPs are initially implemented with great enthusiasm, supported for a few years, then fall out of favor, and are replaced by a different effort. This research effort aims to build on the existing civilian implementation science research to (1) offer a military-specific model of sustained, high-quality implementation and (2) test this model in a series of interconnected studies. New York University's Institutional Review Board approved the study protocols, and the Army's Human Research Protection Office provided permission to collect data. We conducted interviews first with prevention leaders in the services and at the Office of the Secretary of Defense level regarding factors that they thought helped or hurt the sustainment of EBPs. We used these interviews to identify EBPs currently implemented in Department of Air Force and selected four EBPs out of the 25 identified for intensive study. We then interviewed implementers of those four EBPs regarding what they thought helped or hurt the sustainment of that EBP. We also gathered information about the 25 currently implemented EBPs themselves and gathered policy and guidance, as well as leadership communication about those EBPs and the target problems they focus on. We coded this information to allow us to test EBP parameters and policy and leader communication that predict sustained high-quality implementation. We conducted over 100 observations of the 4 EBPs we are studying intensively and have collected quantitative data from implementers and participants to help us test factors related to sustained high-quality implementation within each of those 4 EBPs and across the EBPs. Several military-specific factors were nominated for inclusion in the military-specific model of implementation sustainment. The implementation of even highly standardized EBPs varies greatly. Implementers and participants are generally highly engaged, but implementers vary in the extent to which they understand the mechanisms of action for the EBP they are implementing. We recommend training implementers in the mechanisms of action in the EBPs they are expected to implement and including quality assurance as a component of prevention efforts in a manner more similar to how the military addresses aspects of the operational mission. By moving beyond counting classes and attendance, and specifying how to engage participants in the EBPs in the manner that produces the key outcomes, it is likely that EBPs will have more robust implementations that can be better sustained over time.

Examining Retention Sentiments and Attrition Among Active Duty Army Medical Officers.

Providing quality care and maintaining exceptional medical providers are important priorities for military medicine. The present study examines the association between retention sentiments and voluntary separation from army service among Army Medical Corps and Nurse Corps Officers. Retention sentiments are derived from the Department of the Army Career Engagement Survey, a voluntary survey that Active Duty Soldiers complete annually. The sample included active Army officers in the Medical Corps (n = 1198) and Nurse Corps (n = 1016) who completed the Department of the Army Career Engagement Survey between May 06, 2020 and November 02, 2023, passed the embedded attention check, and said their responses could be used for research purposes. The most frequently cited "Extremely Important" reasons to leave the army were identified within each sample. Binomial logistic regression was used to examine the likelihood of separating from army service based on the top five reasons to leave the Army as identified on the Department of the Army Career Engagement Survey. This study was determined by Exempt Human Subjects Research. An examination of the factors most frequently endorsed as an "Extremely Important" reason to leave the Army revealed that "Effects of deployments on Family or personal relationships" and "Impact of military service on my Family's well-being" were among the five most cited "Extremely Important" reasons to leave the army within both the Medical Corps and the Nurse Corps samples. When examined together (i.e., summed), the Composite Leave Score was associated with a significantly greater odds of separating from army service in each sample. Specifically, each additional top five "Extremely Important" leave reason identified was associated with a 38% greater odds of separating from army service within the Medical Corps and 50% greater odds of separating from army service within the Nurse Corps. The current study highlights unique retention concerns among army medical providers in the Medical Corps and Nurse Corps. Additionally, this study ties medical provider sentiments to subsequent voluntary separation from the army. These findings can help army senior leaders evaluate, draft, and revise policy aimed at increasing retention among army medical providers, and increasing access to quality healthcare for service members and their families.

Relationship between job challenge and job performance in the Korean Army: The mediating effect of learning agility and the moderating effect of job autonomy

ABSTRACT This study aims to identify the relationship among job challenge, learning agility, job autonomy, and job performance based on job demand-resources model. In particular, this study examined the mediating role of learning agility in the relationship between Job challenge and job performance, which has rarely been conducted. Furthermore, the moderating effect of job autonomy as job resource was explored. The data collected were from army officers and noncommissioned officers (NCO) of the Korean Army (N = 425). We hypothesized that there is a positive relationship among Job challenge and learning agility, Job challenge and job performance, the mediating role of learning agility in the relationship between Job challenge and job performance, and the moderating role of job autonomy. As predicted, we found that Job challenge was positively related to learning agility and job performance. We also found a mediating effect of learning agility on the relationship between Job challenge and job performance. Furthermore, job autonomy moderated the positive relationship between Job challenge and learning agility, although the moderating effect of job autonomy between Job challenge and job performance was not significant. Finally, the indirect relationship between Job challenge and job performance, via learning agility, was stronger for the higher job autonomy group than for the lower job autonomy group. The, theoretical and practical contributions and suggestions for future studies on learning agility and job characteristics are discussed.

육군 간부의 조직 촉진조건이 직무만족에 미치는 영향 －군악대를 중심으로

This study was conducted to determine the effect of organizational facilitating conditions on job satisfaction of Army officers. For this purpose, correlation and multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between organizational facilitating conditions and job satisfaction among military band officers and non-commissioned officers of the Army, and independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were conducted to determine the differences in job satisfaction according to demographic and organizational characteristics of the army band. As a result of the analysis, first, among the sub-components of organizational facilitating conditions, only educational facilitating conditions were found to have a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. These results support previous research that the burden of teaching work negatively affects organizational commitment and positive attitudes, and that on-the-job training promotes professional development, which in turn affects job satisfaction. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to provide professional training conditions for band enlisted soldier, as well as to expand the number of officers who can provide training and guidance to band enlisted soldier and share the workload. In addition, if it is difficult to create a separate educational institution within the military due to the very small size of the band department, it is also necessary to create conditions where training can be conducted from time to time by utilizing civilian personnel to solve the educational deficiency. In addition, as the number of active-duty enlisted soldiers has been plummeting in recent years, a policy of expanding the number of officer’s instead of reducing the size of the enlisted soldier will improve the efficiency of their main specialties while sharing the training tasks. Second, while demographic characteristics did not affect job satisfaction, position and status were found to have a significant effect on job satisfaction among band organizational characteristics. This is consistent with previous studies that have shown that job satisfaction is significantly higher for commanders compared to staff officers. Therefore, it is necessary to seriously examine whether the structure of army bands and the division of duties are overly biased toward the staff to improve the work of the staff. In addition, the imbalance in job satisfaction between non-commissioned officers and officers should be carefully diagnosed as a factor, and measures should be taken to increase mutual job satisfaction and eliminate the gap between positions and status. This study is significant in that it is the first study to apply the organizational facilitating conditions to a military organization.

The world of Polish Army officers’ values

Values are a very complex subject of research not only from an individual but also from a collective perspective. The first approach places them in the culture of the individual and refers to primary and secondary socialisation and cultural participation. The second approach deals with the culture of the organisation and its axiological specificity. The article attempts to identify value systems in a specific organisation such as the army. On the basis of qualitative research (triangulation, source analysis and interviews with former officers), fixed and variable elements of the organisational culture canon and values recognised by representatives of the officer community were exemplified. The analysis of the content of the literature on the subject and the results of author’s own research indicate that the systems of individual values among officers, although differing significantly, have sets of constant universal values that are acquired under the influence of time in service and experience and the culture of the organisation. The variable differentiating values among officers are individual aspirations and environmental factors shaping the worldview and attitude towards the reality around them. The article attempts to identify the factors shaping the axionormative order of Polish Army officers and to define the values shaping their social pattern.

Psychological aspects of the longest, solo, unsupported one-way polar ski expedition in Antarctica by a female adventurer

IntroductionAntarctic expeditions present exceptional physiological and mental challenges. Research data are lacking on psychological aspects of such endeavours. The aim of our study is to provide data on changes in...

Measuring the effectiveness of counter-disinformation strategies in the Czech security forces

ABSTRACT Increasingly, misinformation is a pressing security problem. Different types of counter-disinformation strategies have been proposed and tested in a growing number of studies. The findings from these studies, however, are limited to predominantly North American and Western European contexts where ordinary people are recipients of mis- or disinformation. There is a considerable gap in our understanding of the susceptibility to false information in closed communities like state security forces. To remedy this problem, the aim of this study is twofold: (1) examine the susceptibility of Czech members of armed security forces to misinformation and (2) in this context, test the effectiveness of two types of counter-disinformation strategies: prebunking and persuasive communication. We present a survey experiment of 618 officers from the Czech police and army. While we do not find support for the effect of persuasion or prebunking on perceived information accuracy, we show that the use of positive persuasion creates a gap in how police and army officers evaluate false and biased statements. The results offer an evaluation of the resilience of the Czech security forces to mis- and disinformation and suggest developing tailored approaches to counter disinformation in Czechia and elsewhere.

“The Jim Crow Army Must Have a Scapegoat”: Justice, Cowardice, and the Court Martial of Lieutenant Leon Gilbert (Korea, 1950)

The story of Lieutenant Leon Gilbert—a Black United States Army officer court-martialed during the Korean War—challenged the United States’ self-declared postwar mission to free oppressed peoples across the world, while continuing to subjugate African Americans at home. Although many critics judged Gilbert’s refusal to return to battle as an act of cowardice, others viewed him as a victim, and even a hero. The Gilbert case revealed that although African Americans were ostensibly making progress in the newly desegregated United States military, the fight for racial justice continued to be impeded by white Americans’ perceptions of Black inadequacy. Amidst a war purportedly being fought for principles of democracy and freedom, Gilbert’s court martial highlighted the connection between American racism and United States foreign policy, as Black military personnel became scapegoats for their nation’s military failures. The prosecution and persecution of Gilbert thus exposed the tension between American rhetoric and American racism.

The Effect of Stress on Psychological Well being of Army Officer's Wives

The Effect of Stress on Psychological Well being of Army Officer's Wives

The architecture and archaeology of War Office records

ABSTRACT This article explores ways of understanding archival material through collection-based research. Using War Office records held in the UK’s National Archives, particularly those relating to Army officers in the period 1790-1820, it provides a methodological framework through worked examples that draws upon documentary analysis and archival material culture, as well as offering a new approach of archival experimental archaeology to reconstruct processes and practices that led to the creation of records. This research shows that the history of documents is critical — though often under appreciated — to historical knowledge. Our approach stresses the importance of examining historically the creation, form, and storage of archival material. Additionally, it demonstrates the value of archivists and historians reconnecting for good practice and research insights and agendas.

The principles of physical training organisation of US Army officers

The article is devoted to the analysis of the principles of physical training organization of commissioned officers of the US Army, their implementation and effectiveness in the context of ensuring a high level of combat readiness. The US Armed Forces uses advanced technologies and scientific researches to continuously improve the physical training system, which includes the use of special training programs, monitoring of physical indicators and the development of new training methods based on scientific researches. The importance of an individual approach in training process training, as well as the integration of officers' physical training, is considered. The main goal is to understand and define the most effective and modern principles that ensure the optimal physical readiness of officers to perform their combat tasks. The article contains recommendations on optimizing the process of physical training, with the aim of increasing the functional capabilities of officers and ensuring their readiness to perform combat and training tasks in various conditions. The considerable attention is paid to the individual needs and capabilities of the US Armed Forces officers. The training programs can be adapted to specific needs and capabilities of officers, ensuring an efficient and safe physical fitness process. Physical training in the US Army is based on a high level of professionalism and motivation. This is stimulated by a system of recognition and awards, career development and provision of optimal conditions for training.

Who was the first to visualize the malaria parasite?

Human malaria, an ancient tropical disease, is caused by infection with protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium and is transmitted by female mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles. Our understanding of human malaria parasites began officially in 1880 with their discovery in the blood of malaria patients by Charles Louis Alphonse Lavéran (1845–1922), a French army officer working in Algeria. A claim for priority was made by Philipp Friedrich Hermann Klencke (1813–1881) in 1843, who wrote a chapter entitled: “Marvellous parallelism between the manifestations of vertigo and the presence of animalcule vacuoles in living blood.” We should not lose sight of this old controversy, which is rarely mentioned in historical reviews on malaria.Graphical

Becoming a Leader

Having been a British army officer and a business consultant, the author came to academia with a personal understanding of what he believed leadership to be. Yet, in formulating ideas for research, he realized that he had never reflected on how he came to that understanding, how it shaped his approach, and how it might have constrained it. Given his wish to research leadership through the experiences of others, it seemed sensible to first investigate his own. What emerges is a journey from leadership understood primarily as a linear, leader-follower dynamic, to a more indirect and fluid understanding of influence and collective action, mirroring a broader cultural shift from heroic to post-heroic formulations of leadership, which was anticipated in the first half of the last century by Mary Parker Follett and whose ideas provide a framework for this exploration.

Reconversion of the personnel of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland in the opinion of the retired officers of the Polish Army

Reconversion is a set of projects aimed at soldiers who are discharged or have already been discharged from military service being. These actions also apply to family members of soldiers who died while performing the duties of their service. These projects are associated with retraining, career counselling, employment agency services and work placement. They are intended to assist people eligible for help in finding employment. Thanks to the results analysed, recommendations were presented regarding the reconversion of the personnel of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland, allowing the competence potential of soldiers at retirement age to be used. In order to be able to use the competence potential of retired officers on the civilian labour market, there is a need to improve solutions for developing their potential. This is justified by the aim of the work, which is as follows: the analysis of activities undertaken within the framework of the reconversion of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland and the presentation of the personnel of proposals for the development and use of the competence potential of Polish Army officers in the context of employment at retirement age. The research question was formulated in the form of a question: What measures should be taken in the course of reconverting the Armed Forces personnel in order to use the competence potential of officers after reaching retirement age? The research was carried out primarily with the method of analysis and criticism of the literature. Heuristic and comparative methods were also used, as well as equally important quantitative method – a questionnaire addressed to retired officers of the Polish Army was employed.