Arithmetic Mean Deviation Research Articles

The effect of the quality of external auditing on the relationship between the rules of professional conduct and the quality of financial reporting

This study aimed to identify the effect of the quality of external auditing on the relationship between the rules of professional conduct and the quality of financial reporting by Jordanian industrial shareholding companies (Abu Afifa, Alsufy, & Abdallah, 2020; Haloush, Alshurafat, & Alhusban, 2021). The research data that composed this study originated from legal auditors and practitioners in the audit profession in Jordan (according to the Jordanian Association of Certified Public Accountants, JACPA, https://jacpa.org.jo/, there was a total of 402 auditors in Jordan at that time). After identifying the study community, a random sample was executed. An online questionnaire was carried out. The study relied upon both descriptive and inferential approaches. In addition to using statistical methods in the descriptive approach, other methods included; frequencies, percentages, arithmetic mean, and standard deviation, while in the inferential approach, simple linear regression and hierarchical regression were implemented. The results of the study showed a strong relationship between the application of the rules of professional conduct and the quality of external auditing from the point of view of external auditors in Jordanian industrial shareholding companie

Curriculum Management Practices by Head of Schools: Empirical Evidence from Secondary Schools in the Nnewi Education Zone

The curriculum management strategies of highly experienced and less experienced secondary school principals were compared in this study. The study was guided by a single research topic, and a null hypothesis was tested at the 0.05 level of significance. The study was conducted using a descriptive survey research approach. The participants in this study were 106 secondary school principals and vice principals from 44 public secondary schools in the Nnewi Education Zone. Because the research population was manageable, no sampling was done. As a result, the study’s population size was made up of 106 secondary school principals and vice principals. Data was collected using a questionnaire produced by a researcher called the Curriculum Management Practice Scale. Two professionals independently verified the tool. Cronbach alpha was employed to examine the instrument’s internal consistency, and reliability values of 0.75 were obtained. The researcher and five research assistants used direct administration to collect data for the study. There was a 100% return rate. The study question was answered using arithmetic mean and standard deviation scores, and the null hypothesis was tested using a t-test at the 0.05 level of significance. The study’s findings indicated that there is no discernible difference in the curriculum management techniques of highly experienced and less experienced secondary school principals. Most school heads do a review of all course curricula and hold meetings to establish what type of extra-curricular activities are required. The study’s implications and findings were drawn.

SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCES OF SOCIAL WORK AND NURSING STUDENTS WITH REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE AT THE VYŠNÉ NEMECKÉ BORDER AND AT THE HOT SPOT IN MICHALOVCE

The purpose of the research was to find out how studentsof nursing and social work subjectively experienced the services they provided at the Vyšné Nemecké border crossing and in the Hot spot in Michalovce with refugees from Ukraine.Methods. Statistical processing was carried out in the SPSS 28.0 program. We used descriptive statistics (number, arithmetic mean and standard deviation) for the characteristics of the set as well as the description of individual questionnaire items. To verify individual hypotheses, we used non-parametric statistics, the Mann Whitney test for two independent samples.Results. The results of this research show that students worked a total of 157 day and night services in the months of March–June 2022. Students performed activities that correspond to their study program. The students' experience with expatriates from Ukraine is positive, the only barrier was language.Conclusions. The results of this research showed that the students were internally motivated to help, the service to refugees helped them to see the fate of people who fled from the war. The results of the research showed that the twelve-hour services were difficult for them and about 20% of the students had a problem understanding the refugees.

Коренева система рослин і характеристики стебел льону-довгунця

The aim of the article was to study the characteristics of long flax stalks depending on the mass of roots of one plant and its share in the total mass of plants. The characteristics of the stems are the height of plants, seed weight per plant, curvature of stems, number of plants with flat stems (%), wood content in a 10-centimeter segment of the stem at a distance of cotyledons up to 10 cm, 10-20 and 20 -30 cm, as well as the output of the fiber from the technical part of the stem. The range of variation of the mass of absolutely dry roots of one plant ranged from 89 to 192 mg for arithmetic mean and standard deviation of 138 and 29.3 mg, respectively, and the coefficient of variation of the empirical distribution of root mass of one plant of the analyzed long flax varieties 21.2%. The share of root mass in the total mass of plants ranged from 19.5 to 32.9%. The main statistical indicators of empirical distributions of the found out characteristics of stalks of flax plants have been determined. Based on correlation-regression analysis of experimental data on the mass of roots of one long flax plant and the studied characteristics of stems, which are given in the literature, it was found that the change in plant height, seed weight per plant, number of plants with flat stems (%) , wood content in a 10-cm segment of the stem at a distance of 10 cm from the cotyledons depending on the proportion of root mass in the total mass of plants, stem curvature depending on the weight of seeds from one plant and stem curvature, wood content in a 10-cm stem segment at a distance of 10–20 and 20–30 cm from the cotyledons, the fiber output from the technical part of the stem, depending on the height of the plants, is described by rectilinear regression equations with positive angular coefficients. Change in the number of plants with flat stems (%) depending on the weight of seeds per plant and plant height, as well as the number of plants with flat stems (%) and wood content in a 10-cm section of stem at a distance of 10 cm from cotyledons depending on from the height of plants is described by the equations of rectilinear regression with negative angular coefficients. The change in the curvature of stems depending on the mass of the roots of one plant and the share of this mass in the total mass of plants is described by the equations of decreasing power functions. The change in the number of plants with a flat stem (%) depending on the root mass of one plant is described by the equation of slow-growing hyperbola. The closest correlation between studies was found between stem curvature and root mass of one plant (negative correlation) with a correlation coefficient of minus 0.706, between stem curvature and the share of root mass in total plant mass (negative correlation) with a correlation coefficient of minus 0.713, between the number of plants with a flat stem (%) and the share of root mass in the total mass of plants and the mass of roots of one plant (in both cases a positive correlation) with correlation coefficients of 0.759 and 0.779, respectively. In the studied relationships, the correlation ratios slightly exceeded the values of the correlation coefficients. A less close positive correlation was found between the wood content in a 10 cm section of the stem at a distance of 10 cm from the cotyledons and the share of root mass in the total mass of plants (correlation coefficient 0.444) and between fiber yield from the technical part of the stem and plant height (correlation coefficient 0.327). A negative correlation with a correlation coefficient of minus 0.336 was found between seed weight per plant and plant height. In these studied relationships, the correlation coefficients slightly exceeded the values of the correlation relations of the performance factors by factorial ones. A positive correlation with a correlation coefficient of 0.114 with a correlation ratio of 0.141 was found between the mass of seeds from one plant and the share of root mass in the total mass of plants. In the rest of the correlations studied, the correlation coefficients ranged from 0.013 to 0.102 and were even smaller. The results of the research can be used in designing the technological process of growing flax, choosing tools for basic tillage and elaboration of technological and operational regulations for the use of mechanization in the preparation and harvesting of Roshen flaxseed.

Uticaj gastronomske ponude i usluga na brendiranje hotela Divčibare

The gastronomic offer and restaurant service have always played a very important role in the branding of hotel facilities. The subject of the research refers to the Divčibare hotel (Maljen mountain, R. Serbia). The goal and task of this study is to examine the attitudes and opinions of hotel guests how service and culinary choices can affect respondents' satisfaction and guest loyalty. The survey was conducted in September 2022 on a sample of 250 respondents. Methods used in paper to obtain research answers are: descriptive statistical analysis, Mann Whitney test, arithmetic mean and standard deviation, reliability analysis, Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, Correlation analysis and Pearson's coefficient. Based on conducted research, respondents indicated that hotel gastronomic offer, loyalty, satisfaction and services provided, can greatly affect the branding of the Divčibare hotel.

Case report: Curriculum management practices by headof schools: empirical evidence from secondary schoolsin the Nnewi Education Zone

The curriculum management strategies of highly experienced and less experienced secondary school principalswere compared in this study. The study was guided by a single research topic, and a null hypothesis was testedat the 0.05 level of significance. The study was conducted using a descriptive survey research approach. Theparticipants in this study were 106 secondary school principals and vice principals from 44 public secondaryschools in the Nnewi Education Zone. Because the research population was manageable, no sampling was done.As a result, the study’s population size was made up of 106 secondary school principals and vice principals. Datawas collected using a questionnaire produced by a researcher called the Curriculum Management Practice Scale.Two professionals independently verified the tool. Cronbach alpha was employed to examine the instrument’sinternal consistency, and reliability values of 0.75 were obtained. The researcher and five research assistants useddirect administration to collect data for the study. There was a 100% return rate. The study question was answeredusing arithmetic mean and standard deviation scores, and the null hypothesis was tested using at-test at the0.05 level of significance. The study’s findings indicated that there is no discernible difference in the curriculummanagement techniques of highly experienced and less experienced secondary school principals. Most schoolheads do a review of all course curricula and hold meetings to establish what type of extra-curricular activities arerequired. The study’s implications and findings were drawn.

Palmer Dermatoglyphics in Essential Hypertensive Patients: An Analytical Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Dermatoglyphics deal with the study of papillary ridge patterns on the skin of fingers, palms, toes and soles. Each pattern is a unique anatomical marker, and their development is strongly affected by genetic and environmental factors. Aim: To determine whether essential hypertensive patients have significant dermatoglyphic pattern association as compared to non hypertensive participants in the study population. Materials and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in 228 patients (114 diagnosed essential hypertensive patients and 114 non hypertensive patients) attending the Department of Medicine at Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences, Kulasekharam, Tamil Nadu, India, of both the sexes and belonging to different age groups. Informed consent was obtained from each individual. Palmar and fingertip prints of the patients and the controls were taken on the white crystal bond paper by modified Purvis-Smith method and the following parameters were analysed: i) Fingertip pattern frequency; ii) Total and Absolute Finger Ridge Count (AFRC); iii) a-b ridge count; and iv) ‘atd’ angle. The statistical contents like arithmetic mean and standard deviation were calculated and the t-test and chi-square test were applied wherever necessary. Results: There were more loop pattern in digit 2 of left hand of female hypertensives than controls. There was increased Total Finger Ridge Counts (TFRC) in both males (134.14±19.560; p-value=0.038) and females (131.42±27.777; p-value=0.001) hypertensives and significantly higher AFRC (187.65±67.806; p-value=0.001) in female hypertensives, There was decreased ‘a-b’ ridge count in both hands of male (Right: 24.19±4.36; p-value=0.001left:24.54±3.586;p-value=0.001)andfemale(right: 23.65±3.43; p-value=0.001 left:24.16±3.321; p-value=0.001) patients and decreased ‘atd’ angle in both hands of male (right: 38.86±4.001; P=0.003 left: 38.51±4.428; p-value=0.001) and right hand of female (40.70±4.476; p-value=0.009) hypertensive patients, as compared to that of controls. Conclusion: As the parameters showed significant association, they can be used as dermatoglyphic markers for early detection of essential hypertension.

Strategies for Effective Integration of Management Information System in Secondary Schools: Teachers’ Perspective from Awka Education Zone in Anambra State

This study looked into effective integration of management information system (MIS) in secondary schools in Awka Education Zone in Anambra State. The study was guided by three research questions and two hypotheses tested at the 0.05 level of significance based on a descriptive survey research approach. The sampling technique adopted was purposive type in order to focus on a determined specialized number of respondents. The study’s sample size was 130 secondary school teachers. A researcher-created questionnaire was used to gather the data. The tool was rigorously evaluated by two experts. When the instrument’s internal consistency was examined using Cronbach’s alpha, a reliability value of 0.88 was found. A t-test was used to assess the hypotheses after arithmetic mean and standard deviation scores were used to analyze the data. The findings demonstrated that the MIS assists the school in managing tests, enrolments, and fees by providing different people with password protection. The findings further revealed that MIS opportunities and needs should be identified and prioritized according to educational objectives rather than technical criteria. In addition, there is no significant difference in the male and female teachers’ knowledge about MIS in secondary schools. The implications of the study were drawn and recommendations proffered.

Determination of Competencies Needed in Patternmaking by Clothing and Textile Students for Large-Scale Garment Production in Anambra State

This study looked into competencies needed in patternmaking by clothing and textile students for largescale garment production in Anambra State. Based on a descriptive survey research methodology, the study was guided by three research questions and three hypotheses that were significant at the level of 0.05. To concentrate on a determined specialized number, purposive sampling was used as the sampling approach. Twenty-five Home Economics Education students constituted the sample size for the study. Data were collected using a questionnaire produced by the researcher. Two professionals independently validated the instrument. Cronbach’s alpha was employed to examine the internal consistency of the instrument, and reliability value of 0.79 was obtained. A ttest was used to evaluate the hypotheses after the responses were analyzed using the arithmetic mean and standard deviation scores. The results showed that there is no significant difference in the mean ratings of state and federal college of education students in sloper/block patternmaking, flat pattern drafting and fashion draping for largescale garment production in Anambra State. Recommendations and conclusions were drawn based on the findings.

Determination of Competencies Needed in Patternmaking by Clothing and Textile Students for Large-Scale Garment Production in Anambra State

This study looked into competencies needed in patternmaking by clothing and textile students for large-scale garment production in Anambra State. Based on a descriptive survey research methodology, the study was guided by three research questions and three hypotheses that were significant at the level of 0.05. To concentrate on a determined specialized number, purposive sampling was used as the sampling approach. Twenty-five Home Economics Education students constituted the sample size for the study. Data were collected using a questionnaire produced by the researcher. Two professionals independently validated the instrument. Cronbach’s alpha was employed to examine the internal consistency of the instrument, and reliability value of 0.79 was obtained. A totes was used to evaluate the hypotheses after the responses were analyzed using the arithmetic mean and standard deviation scores. The results showed that there is no significant difference in the mean ratings of state and federal college of education students in slope/block patternmaking, flat pattern drafting and fashion draping for large-scale garment production in Anambra State. Recommendations and conclusions were drawn based on the findings.

Influence of accelerated electrons on the structure, crystallite size and surface of a TlIn1-xCrxS2 crystal with x = 0.01

In this work, we studied the effect of electron irradiation on the structure and morphology of the surface of a single crystal and polycrystal TlIn1-xCrxS2 (x=0.01). Irradiation of a TlIn1-xCrxS2 single crystal with electrons with an energy of 2 MeV and a fluence of 2×1017 electron/cm2 leads to an increase in the maximum value of the mean arithmetic deviation of the profile from Ra=5.4 nm to Ra=25.2 nm, and also leads to an increase in the height of the average roughness from Rz=72.0 nm to Rz=152.9 nm. Irradiation of powder TlIn1-xCrxS2 with electrons with a fluence of 2×1017 electron/cm2 promotes an increase in the crystallite size from 36.87 nm to 41.76 nm, which is most likely associated with a decrease in size of the interface.

Student experiences and attitudes towards the school subject Visual Arts

In modern school, students become active subjects in their education. The aim of this research was to determine the status of the school subject of Visual Arts in the eyes of students, therefore we studied student opinion, perception and experience related to Visual Arts classes. A total of 192 students participated in the research, including 78 fourth-grade students (40.6%) and 114 eighth-grade students (59.4%). The research was conducted in several Croatian villages and smaller towns in Split-Dalmatia County and Šibenik-Knin County. We used a survey questionnaire containing six hypotheses and research questions: results processing was done by the use of percentages, arithmetic mean, and standard deviation, as well as a t-test for independent samples. The research results show that more than half of the surveyed students would like to have the weekly number of lessons of Visual Arts increased. Although they love to participate in classes, unfortunately as many as 70% of them never visit museums and exhibitions to communicate with the contents of Visual Arts, and when they do go to cultural institutions, they are mostly taken there by their parents. The research proved that fourth-grade students of primary school perceive the subject better than eighth-grade students and assess different aspects of Visual Arts classes with higher grades. No gender differences were observed in the perception of the subject of Visual Arts. Finally, we notice that most students consider Visual Arts an important and useful subject in their education, and most students are happy to attend Visual Arts classes as this makes them feel relaxed.

Evaluating Maps and Illustrations in Geography Books for the Middle Stage

This research aims to (evaluating maps and illustrations in geography books for the preparatory stage). In order to answer the research questions, the researchers prepared two tools, the first tool represented the quality standard of maps, while the second tool represented the standard of photographers, and the map tool in its final form consisted of (51) fifty-one indicators distributed on (13) thirteen basic elements of the map and a visual variable, either The graphic tool included (39) thirty-nine indicators distributed over (12) twelve criteria, and the validity was confirmed by presenting them to the arbitrators. Stability through time, stability between two analysts, so the reliability coefficient reached: for the researcher over time for the maps criterion (91%) and for the graphics criterion (93%), and the reliability coefficient between the researcher and the other analysts for the maps criterion (88%) and for the graphics criterion (90%). To analyze the data, the researcher used the statistical methods and means represented by: Cooper's equation to calculate the reliability coefficient, frequencies, arithmetic mean and standard deviation to find out the degree of availability of each indicator and each criterion. Most of them were low for these books. As for the pictorial ones (pictures and drawings), the percentage of verification in the fourth and fifth grade book was higher than what was achieved in the sixth grade book.

The Impact of Social Responsibility on the Market Value for Services Corporations, Service Type as a Marketing Variable

The study aims to know the impact of social responsibility as a cost and also to show the market value of the Jordanian services corporations listed on the Amman Stock Exchange. “Services type” was used as a variable for the relationship rate in this study. The descriptive approach was used and applied to the data of 37 companies during the period from 2012-2019. The researcher also used statistical methods such as the arithmetic mean and standard deviation to describe the study data, and the test of linear regression and correlation analysis, in order to test the study hypotheses. Among the most important results that have been reached, there is an impact of social responsibility as costs and the disclosure of the market value of services companies. The study also showed a modified effect of services type on the relationship between social responsibility disclosure and market value.Based on the preceding, the study recommended expanding the social responsibility disclosure, which helps the company build a strong name as a desirable institution, which enhances the image of the company and the name of the product in the services market and among customers.

Characterization of Close Electric Field Waveforms From Triggered Lightning

In this article, we analyzed the characteristic parameters of close vertical electric field waveforms from triggered lightning at 58 and 90 m obtained at Conghua, Guangzhou, in the summer of 2019. A total of 11 characteristic parameters were defined, including leader electric field peak [kV/m] (E $_L$ ), return stroke electric field change [kV/m] (E $_RS$ ), zero-to-peak rise time [μs] (T $_1$ ), 10-to-90% rise time [μs] (T $_2$ ), half-peak width [μs] (T $_3$ ), zero-crossing time [μs] (T $_4$ ), slow-front duration [μs] (T $_5$ ), opposite polarity overshoot duration [μs] (T $_6$ ), fast-transition 10-to-90% rise time [μs] (T $_7$ ), opposite polarity overshoot ratio [%] (E $_OS$ /E $_L$ ), and slow-front magnitude relative to peak [%] (E $_S$ /E $_L$ ). The arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and standard deviation of each parameter were counted. Data comparison results at 58 and 90 m show that T $_1$ –T $_7$ at 90 m were larger than those at 58 m. E $_L$ and E $_RS$ at 90 m were both positively correlated with the peak current [kA] (I $_P$ ). The influence of distance on this correlation was also analyzed. The half-peak width of the current waveform was inversely proportional to that of the electric field waveform.

THE EFFECT OF FLIPPED CLASSROOM STRATEGY IN LEARNING SOME BASIC ‎FOOTBALL SKILLS FOR JONIOR INTERMEDIATE SCHOOL STUDENTS

The search aims to: ‎ ‎- Recognize the effect of the inverted grade strategy in learning some ‎of the basic skills of football for second graders. ‎ ‎- Identify the differences between the past and subsequent tests of ‎the two groups of research in learning some of the basic skills of ‎football for second grade students.‎ ‎- Identify the differences between the subsequent tests of the two ‎groups of research in learning some of the basic skills of football for ‎students of the second grade literary.‎ The researchers used the experimental approach to suitability and the ‎nature of the research. The research society consisted of students of ‎the second grade intermediate school in Al-Malwia for boys in the ‎district of Baqubeh in the province of Diyala. The total number of ‎students was (43) and (30) students were randomly chosen to be the ‎sample of the research and divided into two experimental and ‎experimental groups (15), And the two experimental design ‎researchers، called (equal group design، random selection with pre-‎test and post-test) were used to achieve parity between them.‎ and then the main experiment was applied by two units a week for six ‎weeks. After that the post tests were applied. After the data collection ‎and unloading) And test (t) for associated and independent samples، ‎arithmetic mean and standard deviation. After the statistical treatment ‎and the appearance of the results, the researchers concluded the ‎following: ‎- The flipped classroom strategy has the effect of learning some basic ‎football skills for a sample search.‎ ‎- The advantage of strategic inverted grade on the traditional style of ‎the article teacher in learning some basic football skills for sample ‎research. ‎ Therefor, the researchers recommended using this strategy in ‎learning other skills for other. activities.‎

Multifractal analysis of ultrasonically machined surfaces of cylindrical quartz crystals: the effect of the abrasive grits

Since synthetic quartz is essential to produce 3D resonators for numerous applications in precision electronics, in this work the surface topography of cylindrical quartz bars is investigated using the multifractal technique. The cylindrical bars were manufactured with ultrasonic machining using five SiC grits ranging from 6 to 50 μm. The machined surfaces were initially characterized by contact profilometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The multifractality of the machined surfaces was scrutinized using a box-counting method applied to the images obtained with 500X magnification. The multifractal spectrum indicated that the fractal dimension f(α) and the width of the fractal spectrum Δα are dependent on the grit size, but this dependence is not monotonic. The lowest (negative) value for Δf(α) was found for 25 μm grits indicating that for these grits the lower frequency events (grooves with tens μm width occurring along the USM direction) control the surface topography much more than high-frequency events related to brittle microcracking. The abrasive wear due to the continuous slurry recycling in lateral tool-workpiece interfaces contributed to smooth the groove texture as well as the sharpness of microscopic indentations, which remained observed on the surfaces machined with 50 μm grits. The opposite paths observed for the arithmetical mean deviation of the measured profile (Ra) and Δf(α) parameters with the cutting rate measured for each grit size were valuable to differentiate flat-rough and unlevelled-rough topographies in quartz bars.

The Innovative Polygon Trend Analysis (IPTA) as a Simple Qualitative Method to Detect Changes in Environment—Example Detecting Trends of the Total Monthly Precipitation in Semiarid Area

Precipitation is a crucial component of the water cycle, and its unpredictability may dramatically influence agriculture, ecosystems, and water resource management. On the other hand, climate variability has caused water scarcity in many countries in recent years. Therefore, it is extremely important to analyze future changes of precipitation data in countries facing climate change. In this study, the Innovative Polygon Trend Analysis (IPTA) method was applied for precipitation trend detection at seven stations located in the Wadi Sly basin, in Algeria, during a 50-year period (1968–2018). In particular, the IPTA method was applied separately for both arithmetic mean and standard deviation. Additionally, results from the IPTA method were compared to the results of trend analysis based on the Mann–Kendall test and the Sen’s slope estimator. For the different stations, the first results showed that there is no regular polygon in the IPTA graphics, thus indicating that precipitation data varies by years. As an example, IPTA result plots of both the arithmetic mean and standard deviation data for the Saadia station consist of many polygons. This result means that the monthly total precipitation data is not constant and the data is unstable. In any case, the application of the IPTA method showed different trend behaviors, with a precipitation increase in some stations and decrease in others. This increasing and decreasing variability emerges from climate change. IPTA results point to a greater focus on flood risk management in severe seasons and drought risk management in transitional seasons across the Wadi Sly basin. When comparing the results of trend analysis from the IPTA method and the rest of the analyzed tests, good agreement was shown between all methods. This shows that the IPTA method can be used for preliminary analysis trends of monthly precipitation.

Assessment of Students Nutritional Consumer Preferences and Behavior

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is an important risk factor for the development of many diseases. Medical examinations reveal that 80–85% of students have health disorders. The incidence of sickness among students has increased by 35% over the past 10 years, which is due to the malnutrition of students of higher educational institutions. AIM: The objective of the study was to study the peculiarities and socio-organizational aspects of students’ nutritional consumer preferences. MATERIALS AND RESEARCH METHODS: The assessment of the characteristics of students’ eating behavior was carried out on the base of the questionnaire survey data among students (n = 333) at the age of 18–24 years. Data were presented as arithmetic mean and standard deviation (M ± SD). The distribution normality was determined by the Kolmogorov – Smirnov test. The Mann – Whitney test was used to compare the groups (p < 0.05). RESULTS: About 77% of students save money on food. Only about 22% of students receive the desired food, 64% of men have to save money on food, while the share of women was 78%. 67% of the surveyed group regularly and at least 1–2 times a week visit catering establishments. Assessed by type of food service, 24% of students gave their marks to a fast-food establishment, while only 12% of students gave marks to a traditional canteen. Men consume fast food per day 1.6 times more than women. The relationship between material well-being and nutritional quality was analyzed (r = 0.72). Evaluation of nutritional status showed that 25% of girls and 17% of boys were underweight, overweight and obesity – in 10 and 18% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: More than 50% of the participants do not have an idea of a rational and balanced diet; do not have the skills of preliminary planning and organization of meals. Therefore, we propose to improve the organizational and economic mechanisms of the public catering system of universities to solve the problem of nutrition improving in students.

Methodology for Measurement of Ammonia Emissions from Intensive Pig Farming

Determination of ammonia (NH3) emissions for intensive livestock facilities (pork, poultry) is important from both a regulatory and a research point of view. Buildings housing livestock are a large source of ammonia emissions from the agriculture sector. However, measurements to determine emissions can be time-consuming and costly. Therefore, it is essential to find a suitable methodology for monitoring NH3. The methodology for determining NH3 emissions is legislatively unified in terms of sampling methodology, including sampling time (24 h), sampling points (input/output), number of sampling days, and their distribution during the year, and to determine only a general calculation of the annual average NH3 emissions. For this reason, the researchers chose different approaches for the calculation of NH3 emissions, and these approaches are not unified. Based on accurate monitoring and created models, the authors proposed a methodology for calculation of NH3 emissions, which divides the 24 h measurement into time windows (30 min), from which the arithmetic mean and standard deviation are determined, and the total emissions for one year is determined. The chosen time windows for the partial calculation are important from the point of view of reflecting the microclimatic conditions inside the stable and the device limits for sampling the NH3 concentration and airflow.