Arena Software Research Articles

Stochastic Simulation Optimization for Route Selection Strategy Based on Flight Delay Cost

The continuous and strong growth of the civil aviation in the world combined with the severe adverse weather problem have made necessary the collaboration between the different civil aviation agents to improve the management of the capacity-demand imbalances in the airspace. In this paper, we consider a stochastic simulation optimization problem for air route selection strategy based on flight delay cost. The problem takes consideration of airspace capacity and demand uncertainty, three strategies, including collaborative reroute strategy (CRS), full information reroute strategy (FIRS) and hybrid stated route preference strategy (HSR), are employed to mitigate the flight delay cost. To find the best strategy, a discrete event simulation model is built by Arena Software, and the Monte Carlo method combined with the OCBA simulation optimization technique is employed for assessing a common severe convective weather scenario in the Central and Southern China airspace. Simulation results imply that HSR schemes show better system-wide performance than CRS and FIRS, these benefits are supposed to come from the batch allocations method. Although the airline can receive full information in advance, FIRS does not show obvious advantage in reducing the total airborne waiting time than CRS. For the system-wide performance FIRS is better than CRS, but not as good as HSR.

ANALISIS DAMPAK DELAY YANG TERJADI PADA RUNWAY, APRON DAN RUANG UDARA TERHADAP OPERASIONAL PESAWAT (STUDI KASUS: BANDARA INTERNASIONAL JUANDA)

The Air transport demand still increasing continuously both of number passengers, cargo and aircraft movements will have a direct impact on the capacity of the airport. Juanda International Airport has one runway that serves about 35-40 aircraft per hour. The number of aircraft movements cause the problem of delay and wasting fuel. Delay can reduced the productivity airport services and airlines. This goal of this paper is to analyze the airport capacity, delay and effect of delay on the aircraft's fuel consumption. Calculations using simulation software arena with arrivals and departure modelling. The results showed that in the calculation of the existing runway capacity as much as 44 scheduled aircraft movements during peak hours there are only 33 aircraft for 1 hour with an average delay of 29 minutes. Simulations using the software arena, delay for arrival varied between 0.6 minutes to 4.2 minutes and delay for departure varied between 0.8 minutes to 19 minutes. Aircraft fuel consumption A320 for the queue 1 to 4 of aircraft varied between 67.56 lb to 270.26 lb. While fuel consumption B737-500 for the queue 1 to 4 of aircraft varied between 131.31 lb to 525.26 lb

The Improvement of Overhaul Desalination Plant Pltgu Duration in Pt. Pjb up Gresik Using Approach of Lean-Six Sigma Method

The Desalination Plant is a unit that processes seawater for raw water for electricity generation. This sea water will be converted into fresh water by using evaporation and condensation systems. Routine maintenance is needed for the readiness, reliability and efficiency of the generator equipment. Therefore an overhaul is needed to restore its performance. One of the problems in the overhaul project is the duration of project implementation that is not as planned. The purpose of this study is to identify Non-Value Added activities as well as the presence of waste that causes the overhaul process to not be completed on time. To identify and reduce waste, researchers use the Lean-Six Sigma method approach (Andarnis & Singgih, 2011; Li, Walton, & Apel, 2007). The Lean method is used to identify and reduce waste that arises while the Six Sigma Method is used to determine the research steps by utilizing DMAIC namely Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control. With the Value Stream mapping method, a new work process design is stated in the form of Future State Mapping (FSM) by eliminating the 4 highest wastes, namely Defects, waiting, Extra processing, Non Utilized Talent. Then the FSM design was simulated with ARENA software. Based on the simulation results of the base model and FSM design, it was shown that the proposed activity improvements could reduce the duration of the desalination plant overhaul from 25.64 days to 22.85 days or 10.88%.

Plant Layout Optimization in Steel Forging Industry by CORELAP Algorithm

Objectives: The productivity problem encountered by a steel forging industry owing to its capacity enhancement has been bated for this research work. The study focused to identify a solution by optimizing the material flow in between the critical machines through the radical redesign of the plant layout. Methods: The plant layout determines the way in which the materials flow through the operation. Analysis of the layout data has done with relationship chart and closeness rating. The equipment for manufacturing was counted in terms of the direction of material flow and the time taken for the production process. The operation process chart, material flow pattern and activity relationship chart have been used in layout analysis through Computerized Relationship Layout Planning (CORELAP) method. It optimizes the material movement between the equipment and identifies the relative position of the various machineries in the processing area. A new model has been developed by CORELAP and simulation has done using the software Arena. Findings: The performance loss in the material flow pattern has been identified in the forging section of the plant. On the analysis with relationship chart and closeness rating, it is identified and this is happened with the extra time taken for the material flow by the imprecise positions of machines. The work flow pattern in the forging section is quite longer and unnecessary material transportation occurred there. Fifteen machines were relocated and optimized the production flow with CORELAP algorithm. The simulation study has conducted using Arena and the value-added time taken to produce each product in dissimilar machines in the modified layout is identified. Novelty/Improvement: The modified layout delivered a value addition in material flow pattern and shows an estimated improvement in productivity value of 7.98 percentages.

O uso da simulação computacional para melhoria nos processos produtivos: uma aplicação da teoria de filas com o uso de simuladores

A simulação computacional no âmbito dos processos produtivos vem sendo utilizada com maior frequência por oferecerem inúmeras vantagens, sendo uma delas a possibilidade de antever resultados de processos sem que haja uma intervenção física no ambiente produtivo. Este estudo foi feito a partir da necessidade da indústria PREMOLDE em melhorar os seus indicadores de produtividade. Para isso, a pesquisa se propôs simular e analisar os diferentes cenários do processo com o objetivo de demonstrar de que forma a simulação computacional contribui para a melhoria dos processos produtivos, mantendo o foco no setor de fabricação de armaduras, visando sugerir melhorias incrementais com o intuito de obter melhores resultados na produtividade. O método IDEF-SIM foi utilizado para elaborar o modelo conceitual do processo produtivo, com o objetivo de auxiliar o software Arena®. Conclui-se que foi possível demonstrar através da análise dos dados fornecidos pela simulação o alcance de melhoria na produtividade, com alteração do processo produtivo focada nos pontos demonstrados pelo software Arena® comprovando ainda que é possível obter melhorias nos tempos de transporte da matéria-prima, estocagem e tempo de ocupação de operador.

Process improvement for the production of grab bars with lean approach

Purpose- This project aims to analyze and improve the production processes of grab bars which is one of the bill materials of buses that are manufactured in one of the leading automotive companies. Methodology- Value Stream Mapping is used to understand production processes of grab bars for the existing state. Based on this analysis, important parameters such as cycle times, process times are recorded. Then by the help of lean approach, points that can be improved are determined. Due to the these suggestions, a new production process is proposed. To check the validity of the proposed production process, it is run with ARENA Software. As last, Value Stream Mapping is re-designed to display the improvements on the parameters. Findings- Many parameters of production process of current state are improved by applying the lean approaches and validated via ARENA simulation. According to future state ARENA model, the number of completed bars has increased by 24% and the number of defected bars has decreased by %50. Conclusion- The main contribution of this study is in two-folds. Firstly, the production process of grab bars is analyzed in detail and represented by Value Stream Mapping. Secondly, Lean Approach is employed to improve the existing grab production processes.

The influence of storage area design on maritime container terminal capacity

The storage areas from maritime container terminals have the role to allow the transfer of containers from maritime ships to inland transport and vice versa or from a maritime ship to another. The number of slots in storage area must be higher enough to not restrict the activity in terminal. In the case of containers loaded with dangerous goods, specifically rules must be applied in accordance with international maritime laws. Applying the security policies will enforce special conditions for storage of containers along with other containers or in a dedicated area for containers loaded with dangerous goods. All these measures lead to a limitation of the storage capacity inside the terminal. In the paper, the authors studying the influence of storage area design, in accordance with handling and storage restrictions of containers loaded with dangerous goods, on container terminal capacity. Taking into consideration the multi-flows interaction and the non-uniform arrivals of vessels and inland vehicles, discrete event simulation stands as a feasible technique for investigate terminal capacity for different organizational schemes of the storage area. The activities conducted inside of container terminal are represented using a logical model and implemented in ARENA software. A simulation model is developed and used to evaluate the variation of terminal activity’s parameters. A set of input scenarios are developed to analyse and identify how to organize the activity in the terminal, namely how to segregate the containers within the storage area. The estimation of the general parameters of activity performance obtained through computer simulation helps the container terminal administration to choose an optimal use of storage area.

Change in Strain Echocardiography Predicts Mortality in Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy

IntroductionTakotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) is an acute heart failure syndrome. Although left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) often improves, TC leads to significant morbidity and mortality in select patients. Two-dimensional speckle tracking strain echocardiography measures myocardial deformation, a sensitive marker for myocardial dysfunction. We sought to evaluate the utility of changes in myocardial strain to predict mortality in TC.HypothesisWe hypothesized that temporal changes in strain values will predict mortality in TC better than change in LVEF.MethodsWe retrospectively identified patients with TC based on ICD9/10 codes at a single center between 2006-2017. Two-dimensional echocardiography was used to measure LVEF and speckle tracking strain echocardiography was used to measure global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS), and global radial strain (GRS) with TomTec Arena software version 2.21. Measurements from presentation and follow-up echocardiograms were obtained. Absolute differences in values between echocardiograms was also determined. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model evaluated association with time to all-cause mortality within 1 year.ResultsWe identified 192 patients with mean age 66.4 +/− 14.8 years, 78% women, and 62% white. Within 1 year, 33 (17%) deaths occurred. A multivariate analysis showed LVEF, GLS, GCS, and GRS at presentation were not significantly associated with time to all-cause mortality (Table 1). A subgroup analysis of 102 patients with a follow-up echocardiogram (median 16.5 days later) assessed change in LVEF and strain. There were 14 deaths (14%) in the subgroup. A multivariate analysis showed absolute change in GLS and GCS values were significantly associated with time to all-cause mortality, whereas LVEF and GRS were not (Table 2).ConclusionIn this single-center, retrospective study, LVEF and strain at presentation were not associated with mortality. However, lack of improvement in GLS and GCS was associated with increased risk of mortality. This finding demonstrates the utility of strain echocardiography in TC, as changes in strain were a better predictor of adverse outcomes than LVEF at presentation, changes in LVEF, and strain measurements at baseline. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) is an acute heart failure syndrome. Although left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) often improves, TC leads to significant morbidity and mortality in select patients. Two-dimensional speckle tracking strain echocardiography measures myocardial deformation, a sensitive marker for myocardial dysfunction. We sought to evaluate the utility of changes in myocardial strain to predict mortality in TC. We hypothesized that temporal changes in strain values will predict mortality in TC better than change in LVEF. We retrospectively identified patients with TC based on ICD9/10 codes at a single center between 2006-2017. Two-dimensional echocardiography was used to measure LVEF and speckle tracking strain echocardiography was used to measure global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS), and global radial strain (GRS) with TomTec Arena software version 2.21. Measurements from presentation and follow-up echocardiograms were obtained. Absolute differences in values between echocardiograms was also determined. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model evaluated association with time to all-cause mortality within 1 year. We identified 192 patients with mean age 66.4 +/− 14.8 years, 78% women, and 62% white. Within 1 year, 33 (17%) deaths occurred. A multivariate analysis showed LVEF, GLS, GCS, and GRS at presentation were not significantly associated with time to all-cause mortality (Table 1). A subgroup analysis of 102 patients with a follow-up echocardiogram (median 16.5 days later) assessed change in LVEF and strain. There were 14 deaths (14%) in the subgroup. A multivariate analysis showed absolute change in GLS and GCS values were significantly associated with time to all-cause mortality, whereas LVEF and GRS were not (Table 2). In this single-center, retrospective study, LVEF and strain at presentation were not associated with mortality. However, lack of improvement in GLS and GCS was associated with increased risk of mortality. This finding demonstrates the utility of strain echocardiography in TC, as changes in strain were a better predictor of adverse outcomes than LVEF at presentation, changes in LVEF, and strain measurements at baseline.

Determination of Criticality Indexes in the Remanufacturing Process: A GERT-based Simulation Approach

In this paper one of the important “end of life options” (remanufacturing) has been analysed. Among the related studies surveyed the various remanufacturing aspects, less attention has been paid to the stochastic process routing. In this regard, a remanufacturing process routing with stochastic activities is modelled as a GERT network. One of the efficient ways to analyse a remanufacturing process is the identification of most effective activities based on the cost and time of the process during the process implementation. Criticality indexes are suitable scales for this purpose. Therefore, to analyse the important aspects of the remanufacturing process, four criticality indexes are developed in this paper. These indexes measure the cost and time of the process and its activities to identify the activities with high importance in terms of cost and time. On the other hand, simulation is an efficient tool to cope with the uncertainties in the production problems. Hence a Monte Carlo approach (which is developed using Arena software) has been adopted to analyse the GERT based model and to calculate the criticality indexes. In addition, a mathematical approach using Moment Generation Functions has been adopted to calculate the expected value of the criticality indexes. In addition, a numerical example (lathe spindle remanufacturing) has been solved using both proposed approaches. Results show the acceptable performance of the proposed GERT based simulation approach.

SIMULAÇÃO NA MOVIMENTAÇÃO DE FRUTAS - EXPORTAÇÃO NO TERMINAL DE CARGA AÉREA

O objetivo do estudo é demonstrar a viabilidade da simulação para ilustrar uma proposta de melhoria, auxiliando as tomadas de decisão. Como ferramenta para simulação foi utilizado o software Arena versão acadêmica, onde alguns recursos são limitados. Nosso estudo engloba uma situação no processo de exportação de frutas em um terminal de carga aérea, que foi observada a partir de um cenário real, porém adaptado a um cenário fictício de tempo e variedade/quantidade de carga. Mesmo neste cenário, foi possível ilustrar e analisar com clareza os níveis de utilização dos recursos envolvidos, chegando à conclusão que é possível simular diversas situações e apresentar diferentes propostas. Sabendo que quanto mais próximo o modelo chegar da realidade, mais viáveis podem ser as melhorias propostas e mais confiáveis serão as tomadas de decisão baseadas em modelos simulados.

Simulation-based Research on the Allocation of Low-carbon Container Terminal Handling Equipment

At present considerable attention is being given to climate change and global warming. In an increasing globalized world, international transportation produces considerable CO2, which is an essential cause for global warming. As important nodes in international logistics, seaports discharge massive CO2, especially for the handling equipment and vessels. In order to reduce the port carbon emissions influenced by handling facilities, a microscopic handling simulation model is built in this paper for a container terminal with four types of quay cranes and two types of vehicles by using Arena software. Firstly, by changing the type of quay crane and the number of vehicles, the carbon emissions from each facilities are analyzed. Secondly, the carbon emissions of system with five common combinations of quay crane and vehicles are contrasted, and two recommended combinations are provided.

Fleet Sizing of Automated Material Handling Using Simulation Approach

Automated material handling tends to be chosen rather than using human power in material handling activity for production floor in manufacturing company. One critical issue in implementing automated material handling is designing phase to ensure that material handling activity more efficient in term of cost spending. Fleet sizing become one of the topic in designing phase. In this research, simulation approach is being used to solve fleet sizing problem in flow shop production to ensure optimum situation. Optimum situation in this research means minimum flow time and maximum capacity in production floor. Simulation approach is being used because flow shop can be modelled into queuing network and inter-arrival time is not following exponential distribution. Therefore, contribution of this research is solving fleet sizing problem with multi objectives in flow shop production using simulation approach with ARENA Software

A Simulation Model to Determine the Capacity of a Y-Type Waterway Intersection for a Real Seaport

Introduction:In this paper, Arena software has been used to simulate a complex system, which contains traffic rules, a tidal window, weather conditions and different fleet types.Methods:We have determined the capacity of a Y-type waterway intersection with a sailing speed of 10 knots for the Panjin seaport in China. Moreover, we chose a sailing speed of 11 knots, which gives a safe squat value at high tide level whose cumulative frequency for channel accessibility is larger than or equal to 80%.Results:The results show that the capacity of the waterway reduced with a sailing speed of 11 knots, because of waiting for a long time to meet a high tide level.

Productivity improvement in assembly workstation of motor winding unit

Current global competitive environment demands high productivity. Lower productivity results in financial losses. Manufacturers strive to keep the productivity high. This study aims to determine the cycle time for coil winding and insertion processes and propose improved methods to reduce them and improve the productivity. The study also aims at studying the existing shop floor layout and propose revised layout to reduce material movement in the shop. Video work study is performed on existing and proposed methods and are compared to measure the improvements. Existing and proposed shop floor layouts were analyzed using string diagram technique and ARENA software

Optimization of the transfer function through handling productivity control in port container terminals

This paper investigates the efficiency of different models in shaping the transfer function of port container terminals by coordinating the handling equipment’s activity. Differences in the productivity of the handling equipment and the limited capacity of the storage area at berth generate deadlock situation that could be handle through three correlation procedures: (i) adjusting the productivity to the minimum when the storage area is fully used; (ii) on/off control of the most efficient equipment, and (iii) limitation of the productivity of the most performing equipment. These techniques and the variations in input elements (ships arrival rate, containers number to unload/load, berth storage area) are taken into account for choosing the best strategy of port activity. A simulation model, developed with ARENA software, is created to analyse the port activity. Beyond the analytical models that deal with one ship handling process, the simulation model could take into consideration the process on a period of time, allowing studying the impact of stochastic elements on the process. The model contains the following modules: the vessels arrival, waiting in harbour, anchorage, containers unloading/loading on the vessels, temporary storage at berth, container transfer to inland storage area, and vessel departure. Computer simulations allow analysing random variable of the vessels time spent in port. The mean value should be kept at minimum and thus the best handling strategy could be identified. In addition, the sensitivity of the results according to the variation of the input elements is obtained.

Modelling and simulation of discrete manufacturing industry

This paper focuses on discrete event simulation of a manufacturing unit using ARENA software. The simulation was carried out with an objective to study the flow of aluminium brake brackets in the factory and find out the bottlenecks and also to calculate the productivity and workforce requirements in the unit. The process flow chart of the aluminium bracket was drawn and processing time of each process was calculated using ARENA input analyzer tool and then fed into the software and simulated. For optimization of the results the other tools available in arena like Process Analyzer (PAN) and Opt Quest were used. The bottlenecks were found and a better model was suggested in order to overcome them. In the new (suggested) model, the productivity was found to have increased by 6% and the workforce requirements decreased by 8.33% when compared with the existing (actual) factory model. The method followed in this paper can be used to design process as well as factory layouts for better efficiency of workforces, to achieve optimal productivity and better use of resources.

A multi-objective optimisation model for assignment of service to bank customers by using data mining and simulation

Recognising the customers' behavioural patterns, clustering and providing services to them were assumed as one of the most important issues of banks. In this research, five specifications of customers included last referral time, number of transaction, deposit amount, loan amount and balance of loans deferred values during one year was extracted from bank database and customers were clustered by k-means algorithm. Then, a multi-objective model of allocation of bank services to each one of clusters was designed. The purpose of designed model was increasing the customers' satisfactions, cost reduction and risk reduction of services allocation. As this problem showed no optimum solution and each one of specifications of customers has a probability distribution function, the simulation was used for solving. To determine the solution close to the optimum value, annealing algorithm was used for making neighbour solutions and implementation model was implemented. The results showed significant improvement comparing to current status. In this study, Weka and R software was used for data mining, and arena software for optimisation and simulation.

A multi-objective optimisation model for assignment of service to bank customers by using data mining and simulation

Recognising the customers' behavioural patterns, clustering and providing services to them were assumed as one of the most important issues of banks. In this research, five specifications of customers included last referral time, number of transaction, deposit amount, loan amount and balance of loans deferred values during one year was extracted from bank database and customers were clustered by k-means algorithm. Then, a multi-objective model of allocation of bank services to each one of clusters was designed. The purpose of designed model was increasing the customers' satisfactions, cost reduction and risk reduction of services allocation. As this problem showed no optimum solution and each one of specifications of customers has a probability distribution function, the simulation was used for solving. To determine the solution close to the optimum value, annealing algorithm was used for making neighbour solutions and implementation model was implemented. The results showed significant improvement comparing to current status. In this study, Weka and R software was used for data mining, and arena software for optimisation and simulation.

Application of Computer Simulation for Productivity Improvement of Welding Unit in a Heater Manufacturing Industry: A Case Study Based on Arena

Firm’s efficiency and competitiveness are two important challenges in today’s global market that have motivated many manufacturing firms to plan novel manufacturing management strategies. Nowadays, simulation models have been used to assess different aspects of manufacturing systems. This paper introduces a welding unit of a manufacturing line of heater production as a case study and the basic application of the ARENA software. The main goal of this paper is increasing the productivity of the production line by using computer simulation. To achieve this goal, three various scenarios are compared and suggested to obtain the better improvement in productivity.

Análise operacional dos berços de atracação do porto de São Francisco do Sul/SC

Os portos têm papel fundamental na competitividade internacional de uma economia, pois através deles escoam grande parte da produção de uma nação. Desta forma é de vital interesse que este setor esteja operando de forma eficiente. Neste contexto, este trabalho objetiva analisar a operação dos berços de atracação do porto de São Francisco do Sul/SC. Para tanto, foi modelada a operação portuária, desde a chegada dos navios até sua carga e descarga. Tomando como base a taxa de crescimento do porto, foram criados três cenários para o ano de 2030: (i) sem melhorias, (ii) com melhorias e (iii) com a instalação de guindastes portuários necessários para atender o nível de serviço recomendado pelos padrões internacionais de operação portuária. Com o trabalho conclui-se que para atender esses padrões internacionais serão necessários investimentos maiores do que aqueles em andamento no porto.