Area Of CSR Research Articles

Economic and social benefits of socially responsible actions towards employees in agribusiness enterprises

The aim of the paper is to identify the scope of socially responsible actions towards employees in agribusiness enterprises and to assess their impact on the level of economic and social benefits resulting from the use of the CSR concept in business practice. The survey research carried out on a sample of 325 companies from the SME sector conducting business in rural areas of the Mazowieckie Voivodeship served to meet the objective of the paper. The results indicate a positive, strong impact of involvement in the CSR activities on the obtained effects, which is more pronounced in the case of economic benefits than social benefits, and can be observed more clearly in smaller companies. Key socially responsible actions towards employees include employee satisfaction surveys as well as data protection and protection of employee privacy. Activity in the analyzed CSR area mainly translates into financial performance and building a positive image of enterprises in their environment

LOGISTICS SUPPORT OF CSR ACTIVITIES IN THE GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAINS OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR

Purpose: Research paper identifies the current trends in the logistics support of the global pharmaceutical industry, including CSR activities. Research results can be a good reference point for decision-makers in the fields of logistics management. The subject matter of the paper is based mainly on the comparison of logistics practices in the area of CSR in the pharmaceutical industry supply chains. Methodology: To achieve the research goal stated for this study, two research procedures were chosen and implemented:1) documents review (triangulation of sources); 2) literature review with the use of Boolean logic and the chosen procedure, valid for socio-economic research. Findings: This paper points out that the set of methods and tools used in logistics support of the CSR activities overlap in some part the set of methods and tools for core business activity (commercial sales of medicines). Implications for practice: Research results can be a good reference point for decision-makers in the fields of logistics management and CSR of the pharmaceutical industry. Originality/value: This paper is the first about logistics support of CSR activities in the pharmaceutical industry. It shows the similarities and differences between the support of the basic, primary activities and CSR ones. It can be the basis for further theoretical and empirical research.

Do health care companies of India fulfil government’s new orientation towards CSR activities

Purpose Corporate social responsibility (CSR) in India includes education, environment, healthcare and rural development. In post-liberalized India, the healthcare sector (services and facilities) has grown in leaps and bounds over last two decades. The purpose of this paper is to reveal and explain the CSR profile of select healthcare companies of India and reveal gaps and scope of healthcare activities with a special consideration towards maternal health. Design/methodology/approach Primary data are collected from seven listed companies of Goa state which were willing to participate in the study. In total, 67 companies constituting the Healthcare Sector Index of Standard & Poor of the Bombay Stock Exchange are considered as secondary source. Data of 59 companies that come within the threshold of Companies Act, 2013, are studied. CSR guidelines (with a turnover of Rs 10bn or a market capitalization of Rs 5bn or a net profit of Rs 50m) are taken as an initial frame of reference. Findings In total, 89.83 per cent of these companies have initiatives related to health care. Structured companies (contribute to the company’s overall mission and goals) with CSR policy have committee size varying from three to five directors with an independent director. During 2016–2017, they were mandated to spend Rs 4.2613bn out of which only 74.59 per cent was spent. Geographical spread of CSR initiatives is skewed, with majority of companies focussing on the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat, whereas the states of Odisha and North-Eastern being neglected. The focus areas of CSR are education, healthcare and rural development. The variation of MMR in different states of India is an indicator for corporate as to which state needs more attention. The corporate sector in India needs to focus on SDG3 target of MMR and move towards a newer dimension and direction. Originality/value The originality of this paper lies in the recognition of the initiative of Government of India of weaning out CSR activities outside the purview of business sense and towards instilling a social sense in company behaviour. This is a dimensional and directional change in the evolution of CSR practices in companies and countries. To this end, 59 healthcare sector companies under the threshold of Companies Act 2013 were studied and results were outlined.

Influence of CSR-specific activities on work engagement and employees’ innovative work behaviour: an empirical investigation

ABSTRACT This study empirically demonstrates the essentiality of addressing employees’ psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness through CSR-specific activities which intrinsically motivate employees to find their work engaging and execute their jobs by being innovative in their approach. In this direction, a theoretical model is proposed and empirically validated by executing a questionnaire survey among 585 employees of various luxury hotels in India. The findings of this study build on and extend previous research in the growing area of CSR and its outcomes. Theoretically, through the establishment of some novel links, this study furthers insight into the domain of micro-CSR where research is still fragmented. Besides, the paper outlines key practical implications for managers in helping them realize how to build and maintain an engaging and innovative workforce.

A Bibliometric Review of Global Research on Corporate Governance and Board Attributes

This paper conducts a bibliometric review of global research on the role of boards of directors in corporate governance. Boards of directors play a crucial role in the corporate governance of publicly traded firms, as they monitor the performance of top executives on behalf of shareholders and help to set the firm’s overall strategic direction. Our review documents most influential articles, authors, and journals in this area. The bibliometric analysis highlights the multi-disciplinary nature of research on boards of directors, covering the fields of finance and economics, accounting and auditing, and management and strategy. Furthermore, co-citation analyses reveal the core theoretical and conceptual articles on agency theory and ownership structure that provide the foundation for research on corporate governance and boards of directors. The review shows that, despite its practical importance, studies on how boards of directors contribute to corporate sustainability represent only a small fraction of the articles in this literature. This highlights the need for more research on this particular topic in the coming years. Moreover, the keyword co-occurrence analysis suggests other emerging research topics in the BDCG knowledge base are in the areas of gender diversity, CSR, and innovation, which pinpoints possible future research directions for scholars in the field.

3D ultrastructural organisation of calcium release units in the avian sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Excitation-contraction coupling in vertebrate hearts is underpinned by calcium (Ca2+) release from Ca2+ release units (CRUs). CRUs are formed by clusters of channels called ryanodine receptors on the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) within the cardiomyocyte. Distances between CRUs influence the diffusion of Ca2+, thus influencing the rate and strength of excitation-contraction coupling. Avian myocytes lack T-tubules, so Ca2+ from surface CRUs (peripheral couplings, PCs) must diffuse to internal CRU sites of the corbular SR (cSR) during centripetal propagation. Despite this, avian hearts achieve higher contractile rates and develop greater contractile strength than many mammalian hearts, which have T-tubules to provide simultaneous activation of the Ca2+ signal through the myocyte. We used 3D electron tomography to test the hypothesis that the intracellular distribution of CRUs in the avian heart permits faster and stronger contractions despite the absence of T-tubules. Nearest edge-edge distances between PCs and cSR, and geometric information including surface area and volume of individual cSR, were obtained for each cardiac chamber of the white leghorn chicken. Computational modelling was then used to establish a relationship between CRU distance and cell activation time in the avian heart. Our data suggest that cSR clustered close together along the Z-line is vital for rapid propagation of the Ca2+ signal from the cell periphery to the cell centre, which would aid in the strong and fast contractions of the avian heart.

Corporate Social Responsibility in Hotel Industry: Empirical Analysis of Transitional Market

Using the non-parametric approach and data assembled by questionnaire survey among top and middle managers of hotels and hotel chains, the authors analyse management views on the importance of selected areas of Corporate Social Responsibility. The examined areas were the area of the relevant community, the economic, social and environmental areas. The aim of this paper is to find what importance do managers attribute to individual activities in selected CSR areas in hotel industry and whether they are influenced by any characteristic features of hotels in question. The research outcomes confirm the current state of development in the area CSR in transitional economy, which does not appreciate the complexity of current business world and concentrates predominantly on short and medium-term goals. Among positive Czech specifics we can certainly count the detailed knowledge of local conditions in local environment and willingness of employees to provide additional services to their customers, which creates positive response from clients and contributes to their loyalty.

Total quality and socially responsible management (TQSR-M)

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated conceptual framework of total quality management and corporate social responsibility.Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on stakeholder theory, which stresses the satisfaction of all stakeholders. Therefore, companies generate profit for their shareholders by producing high quality products and services to emphasize human dignity and to satisfy their employees without harming people and the natural environment.FindingsThe results of the study suggest an integrated conceptual framework by identifying the critical factors that are parallel between quality management and social responsibility to satisfy key stakeholders’ demands.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is conceptual in nature, and empirical research is needed to identify the critical factors that promote the application of TQM and CSR practices, which are limited.Practical implicationsThe proposed conceptual framework may facilitate the management of an organization to evaluate its quality and social programs and will highlight problem areas that can be improved. This study contributes to the literature on TQM and CSR and captures the important factors for effective TQM and CSR practices. The conceptual framework will help researchers and firms to recognize TQM and CSR initiatives and establish a strengthened relationship between corporate strategy and social conditions.Originality/valuePrevious studies have been conducted separately in the areas of TQM and CSR, and there are still not sufficient number of studies to simultaneously integrate quality management and social responsibility. Thus, there is a critical research gap, which raises the question of how the integration of TQM and CSR practices can be developed. There is a need to recognize the mechanism through which the specific element of CSR would be included as an implicit and/or explicit aspect or whether it should be addressed along with TQM. Therefore, this study proposes an integrated conceptual framework that can be applied to the broader issues of responsibility rather than just quality.

Upowszechnianie praktyk CSR w ramach współpracy międzynarodowych korporacji z lokalnymi firmami kraju przyjmującego

W dobie globalizacji, w której wiele firm posiada rozbudowane łańcuchy dostaw, współpraca z dostawcami jest kluczowym obszarem ograniczenia ryzyka reputacyjnego i polem do realizacji praktyk CSR. Ograniczenie ryzyka refutacyjnego oznacza konieczność prowadzenia zintegrowanych działań w całym łańcuchu dostaw oraz budowania trwałych relacji z kooperantami w oparciu o normy i standardy CSR obowiązujące obie strony transakcji. Współpraca międzynarodowych korporacji z lokalnymi przedsiębiorstwami wywołuje procesy dostosowawcze wśród dostawców (również w obszarze CSR); oznacza redystrybucję umiejętności i wiedzy do zleceniobiorców, co w praktyce pozytywnie wpływa na pozycję konkurencyjną analizowanych grup podmiotów. W artykule wykorzystano metodę opisową. Ma on na celu scharakteryzowanie współpracy międzynarodowych korporacji z lokalnymi firmami w kontekście upowszechniania praktyk CSR w łańcuchu dostaw. Przedmiotem artykułu jest współpraca międzynarodowych korporacji z firmami kraju goszczącego w ramach tzw. powiązań do tyłu (backward linkages), ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem praktyk CSR.

Triple Bottom Line: The Pillars of CSR

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to discuss the areas of CSR and analyse their elements to better understand the concept. Design/methodology/approach: To analyse the elements of the Triple Bottom Line model as a categorization of CSR areas and compare it with another models. Findings: Relations between Triple Bottom Line and other cate-gorizations of CSR areas. Research and practical limitations/implications: The article is theoretical and can be a base for future research. Nevertheless, the unsystematic research sampling should be considered a limitation of the study. Originality/value: The article focuses on Triple Bottom Line and studies this concept in relation to other classifications. It has particular value in situation when the policy concerning CSR is obligatory for companies operating in the European Union area. Paper type: literature review.

A measurement scale of corporate social responsibility in gambling industry

ABSTRACTCorporate social responsibility (CSR) was one of the important marketing tools for Macau gaming companies nowadays. Responsible gambling (RG), which was a part of CSR, had been part of the Chief Executive policy since 2007. This study developed a measurement scale of CSR in Macau from a customer’s perspective using three dimensions, economic, social, and environmental. A multistage method was applied to develop a valid and reliable scale. To implement successful marketing strategies, gambling operators needed to identify important CSR areas and areas where extra work was required. This study provided a systemic method to measure CSR in the gambling industry and provided important implications to managers in the gambling industry.

Selected aspects of corporate social responsibility in maritime freight services on the example of selected courier companies

The aim of the article is to present the activities of corporate social responsibility in the CEP industry, with particular emphasis on maritime freight services. The article will present good practices and environmental activities proposed by the leaders of the CEP industry. An example may be the new "green services" of sea freight, which allow for reduction of CO2 emissions. The article puts forward the following research hypothesis - Raising awareness in the CSR area in the CEP industry will allow the implementation of environmental activities. In reference to the assumed goal and the hypothesis adopted in the article, the following research question was posed - what specific CSR implementation tools should be adopted by the CEP industry to actively shape environmental activities in maritime freight services? In an attempt to answer the question, the article first addressed the aspects of corporate social responsibility at CSR 3.0 level. Next, the focus was on presenting the results of the analysis of the maritime freight services offered by the leaders of the CEP industry. The following research methods were used in the article: method of critical analysis of literature, method of observing the proceedings of the entities examined, logical inference method, method of analysis and synthesis.The key element of the article is the presentation of proposals for actions aimed at intensifying activities strengthening maritime transport services through activities in the area of CSR.

Corporate social responsibility and sustainability reporting in banks - a comparative analysis

Corporate social responsibility has become an important area of concern for the companies at global level. Different countries perform social activities as per their own criteria and guidelines under the prevailing law. Since GRI 3.1 sustainability reporting framework is a common platform for the performance of social activities all over the world, thus the study is conducted to find out the top performers in the banking sector of the world according to the framework and make a comparative analysis of the countries in this context. Annual and CSR reports of the banks in these countries are analysed to measure the CSR performance as per the guidelines mentioned in GRI 3.1 and difference in their performance is found. As compared to banks in other countries, Chinese banks are performing more CSR activities and cover all the CSR areas as per GRI 3.1 guidelines.

Corporate social responsibility and sustainability reporting in banks - a comparative analysis

Corporate social responsibility has become an important area of concern for the companies at global level. Different countries perform social activities as per their own criteria and guidelines under the prevailing law. Since GRI 3.1 sustainability reporting framework is a common platform for the performance of social activities all over the world, thus the study is conducted to find out the top performers in the banking sector of the world according to the framework and make a comparative analysis of the countries in this context. Annual and CSR reports of the banks in these countries are analysed to measure the CSR performance as per the guidelines mentioned in GRI 3.1 and difference in their performance is found. As compared to banks in other countries, Chinese banks are performing more CSR activities and cover all the CSR areas as per GRI 3.1 guidelines.

Corporate Social Responsibility as a Positioning Strategy: Evidence from the Ghanaian Telecommunication Industry

Purpose - The telecommunication industry in Ghana has seen a lot of growth over the last decade and with up to six telecommunications companies operating in Ghana currently, there is very little to choose between any two brands. In an overly communicated sector such as the telecom sector, CSR as a positioning strategy seems to be a better way to differentiate one's offering from the rest. With customers more concerned about organisations social responsibility activities and with the telecommunications companies investing huge sums of money in to CSR activities it is imperative to find out if the telecom companies employ CSR (image and ethos) as a positioning strategy. Design/methodology/approach - The study used a sample of students from the University of Ghana who are customers of the telecommunication companies. The study adopted a non-probability quantitative survey using questionnaires. Findings - The key findings of the study were that, respondents were of the view that, the network providers were adopting image and ethos as a positioning strategy, only two strategies positioning competition and image and ethos strategy were adopted and the dominant positioning strategy was competition. Research limitations/implications - Future studies be carried out in other jurisdictions to affirm the validity of the results. Also a longitudinal study with respect to the positioning strategies of firms should be carried out to ascertain the changing trends that can impact and affect the positioning strategy of the firm. Originality/value - It is the first of its kind to be carried out in Ghana in the area of CSR as a positioning strategy and will be of interest to academics and practitioners in both CSR and positioning.

Corporate Social Resposibility activities undertaken by enterprises

The paper shows areas of CSR included in corporate strategy, including particularly philanthropy, which may be pursued by an external organisation. It also presents areas of corporate social responsibility, providing a background for the results of the analysis of secondary data concerning the importance of CSR for enterprise. The procedure for creating a CSR strategy is explained and the possibilities of pursuing philanthropic tasks by an external organisation are shown. Using own research (the analysis of websites of 125 corporate foundations in Poland in 2015 and the results of the survey of 46 managers from corporate foundations), author present ways of delegating philanthropic tasks to corporate foundations and how the tasks are accomplished. This article is intended for researchers studying CSR and also for company managers who think about philanthropy.

Growth and Development of CSR – Corporate Social Responsibility in Europe.

This research paper traces the historical evolution of the concept of CSR – Corporate Social Responsibility in the European perspectives. The duration covered under this research work comprises of a period of seventeen years, starting from 1990 to 2007. It chronologically highlights the growth and development that had taken place in different parts of Europe in the areas of CSR. The timeline of this research illustrates Europe's pioneering role in the European CSR movement and strategy, from the European Business Declaration against Social Exclusion in the 1990s until the year 2007, the formation and development of the European Alliance for CSR

Corporate Social Responsibilities and Firm Performance: A Comparative study of Banking and Non-Bank Sector in Nigeria

The objective this study is to ascertain the relationship between CSR and performance. The study compared what is obtainable in the Nigerian banking sector and the Nigerian manufacturing sector. Ten firms were selected, five each from the aforementioned sectors. Ordinary least square statistical technique was employed for the study .Result shows that CSR has significant impact on the performance of both firms in the manufacturing and the banking sector. The study also reveals that manufacturing companies expend more on CRS activities than bank. The study recommended that statutory bodies should mandate banks to go beyond donation and look at other areas of CSR. It further recommended that managements of the two sectors should take advantage of CSR in order to enhance their corporate performance

Global sustainable and responsible investment activities and strategies of companies

When companies invest their financial resources for gainful purposes, not all of their investment decisions are beneficial to the public welfare. Therefore, companies can invest in the new areas while also participating in the public welfare. This is embodied by the term sustainable and responsible investment (SRI). The aim of the paper is to identify SRI activities and strategies which should be included in the investment decision-making process of companies. The achievement of the aim is pursued by study of relevant documents and websites of the institutions dealing with SRI and SRI activities and strategies. Secondary research was mainly based on the analysis. The main finding is that existing SRI activities and strategies are not scrupulously CSR-oriented. As a result, SRI activities and strategies oriented on CSR areas are to be identified. Â Â Keywords: CSR; SRI; SRI activities and strategies; ESG factors; investors;

Global sustainable and responsible investment activities and strategies of companies

When companies invest their financial resources for gainful purposes, not all of their investment decisions are beneficial to the public welfare. Therefore, companies can invest in the new areas while also participating in the public welfare. This is embodied by the term sustainable and responsible investment (SRI). The aim of the paper is to identify SRI activities and strategies which should be included in the investment decision-making process of companies. The achievement of the aim is pursued by study of relevant documents and websites of the institutions dealing with SRI and SRI activities and strategies. Secondary research was mainly based on the analysis. The main finding is that existing SRI activities and strategies are not scrupulously CSR-oriented. As a result, SRI activities and strategies oriented on CSR areas are to be identified. Keywords: CSR; SRI; SRI activities and strategies; ESG factors; investors;