Usage Areas Research Articles

ENHANCEMENT OF UNDERWATER IMAGES WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Abstract. Camera systems using optical sensors have made great progress in recent years in obtaining underwater images. Very high-resolution images can be obtained with underwater cameras. However, it becomes difficult to process the image obtained due to many distorting factors such as inhomogeneous underwater lighting, low contrast, blur, sea snow. For this purpose, image enhancement algorithms are used to minimise the problems in the captured images. The physical characteristics of the underwater environment cause degradation effects that are not found in normal images captured in air. Due to the effects such as colour distortion, low contrast and brightness, blurred details in images captured in this type of environment, the usage area of these images is very limited. This project aims to use artificial intelligence methods for colour enhancement of underwater images. In addition, one of the main objectives of the project is to examine the effect of colour enhancement applied to images on other areas of use. Within the scope of the project, An Underwater Image Enhancement Benchmark Dataset and Beyond Dataset and Large Scale Underwater Image Dataset datasets were used. In our study, U-Shape Transformer architecture and Pix2Pix architecture were tested for their usability for image enhancement. According to the results obtained, Pix2Pix architecture achieved the highest accuracy. Accuracy results were obtained as 22.5884 and 0.8764 for PSNR and SSIM, respectively using UIEB dataset. The accuracy values for LSUI dataset are 25.1010 and 0.8440 for PSNR and SSIM, respectively.

An Empirical Test of Pedestrian Activity Theories Within Informal Settlements

Pedestrian activity is often measured in the formal parts of cities, yet it has rarely been studied in informal settlements, although they are typically adjacent to formal areas and residents participate in formal urban life. Route optimization and space syntax are two pedestrian activity theories that can be applied to predict path usage in urban areas. These theories have been tested in formal cities, but are they applicable in understudied informal settings? Using motion sensors, we measure pedestrian activity in a Cape Town informal settlement in the early morning and evening hours and test which theory best explains the sensor measurements. Route optimization is weakly correlated with average pedestrian activity, while space syntax performs even more poorly in predicting pedestrian activity. The predictive power of both theoretical calculations further varies by time of day. We find that both theories perform worst at the entrances/exits of the informal settlement—that is, the border between informal and formal. These results indicate that daily movement patterns in informal settlements may differ from formal areas and that the connection between the formal and informal city requires further study to better understand how pedestrian activity links these two types of areas. A new theory of route selection based on such an understanding, which also better incorporates the specific characteristics of informal urban settlements—such as high density, narrow, and constantly changing streets primarily used by residents—may be necessary to understand the needs of pedestrians within informal settlements as compared to formal areas.

Level of Awareness on the Usage of Thermal Insulation among Building Professionals: Case of a Tropical City in Nigeria

Adoption of buildings’ thermal insulation in Nigeria is still at the developmental stage; evidence of its usage for high thermal performance buildings and energy efficiency connotes a very low rate as there is very little evidence-based research in this regard. This paper seeks to evaluate the level of awareness on the usage of building thermal insulation among professionals in the building construction sector within Akure, a tropical city in Nigeria, to identify factors that deter its adoption and raise the level of commitment of the professionals within the building construction sector to sustainable practices of reducing buildings’ energy consumption. This is to create a resilient built environment against the challenges of climate change. Well-structured questionnaires were administered to gather data for the investigation. Jupyter Notebook version 6.4.12 was employed for the analysis. Results indicated a fairly good level of awareness among the building professionals while the barriers that affect the level of usage of thermal insulation within the study area are the high cost of procuring thermal insulation materials, non-compliance to building regulations, and governmental policy on construction. The research concluded that a good number of professionals have a high level of awareness of the usage of building thermal insulation, but the cost of the materials and government policy deterred its level of usage in the study area. Consequently, propagation of the usage of thermal insulation should be done through education and training of the stakeholders. Furthermore, the government needs to strengthen policies that support the usage and availability of thermal insulation within the study area

Investigation of the Effects of Environmental Conditions on Wear Behaviors in Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composite Materials Containing Different Types of Polyester and Low Profile Additive

Kompozit malzemeler, gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte günümüzde birçok alanda başarıyla kullanılmaktadırlar. Elyaf takviyeli polimer kompozitler, yüksek dayanım ve düşük maliyet özelliklerinden dolayı en sık tercih edilen kompozit malzemelerdir. Cam elyaf takviyeli polyester (CTP) kompozitler kullanım alanlarına göre istenilen mekanik ve tribolojik özellikleri karşılayan polimer matrisli ve cam elyaf takviye malzemeli bir kompozit türüdür. Cam elyaf takviyeli polyester kompozit malzemeler farklı türlerde polyester ve çekme katkıları içerebilmektedir. Çevresel koşullar cam elyaf takviyeli polyester kompozitlerin aşınma dayanımı üzerinde etkili olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, iki farklı türde polyester (ortoftalik ve izoftalik) ve çekme katkısı (polistiren ve plastifiyen) içeren cam elyaf takviyeli polyester kompozit malzemelerin farklı çevresel koşullar (UV ışıma, asit ortamı, tuzlu su ortamı, hızlandırılmış yaşlandırma, hidrotermal yaşlandırma ve termal çevrim) altındaki aşınma davranışları incelenmiş ve farklı türlerde polyester ve çekme katkısı içeren numunelerde çevresel koşulların malzemelerin aşınma davranışları üzerine olan etkileri araştırılmıştır. CTP kompozit numunelerin aşınma dayanımına çevresel koşulların etkileri dikkate alındığında her iki numunede de UV ışıma ortamına ve hidrotermal yaşlandırmaya maruz kalan numunelerin aşınma dayanımının arttığı gözlemlenmiştir. CTP kompozit malzemelerin içerisinde polistiren çekme katkısının kullanılması malzemenin aşınma dayanımını iyileştirmektedir. Ortoftalik polyester reçine içeren CTP kompozit numunelerin, izoftalik reçine içeren numunelere kıyasla aşınma dayanımları daha iyidir.

The Excellent Symbol in Sports: Pierre de Coubertin’s Rings

Baron de Coubertin, the founder of the modern Olympic Games, made many attempts to make the games more effective and recognizable. One of these attempts is the design of the Olympic flag, because there was a need for a visual symbol. The idea of Olympism created by Coubertin aims to interlock the world with the bonds of love and friendship as a result of the unity of mind, soul and body. This ideal which also constitutes the meaning infrastructure of the rings, is coded on six different colors and five rings. It can be said that the intellectual origin of the rings is based on the institutions Coubertin was in and on some symbols and visuals he witnessed. The rings first appeared in two letters Coubertin sent to a close friend. They were then formally announced in a written declaration in 1913 and introduced at the 1914 Paris convention. The flag was first waved at a sporting event in Egypt, at a non-Olympic event. After that the usage areas of the rings expanded considerably. The Olympic Games in Antwerp in 1920 and in Paris in 1924 increased the popularity of the flag and it was used in many different places. The officialization of the flag also promoted the flag ritual over time. The attempt to associate the ring symbol with the ancient Olympic Games remained a mistake. The aim of the study is to bring to the forefront the birth and developmental stages of the world's most popular flag, the Olympic flag with five rings, along with the ideas, contradictions, and disagreements found in the literature on the subject, and to provide a clearer and more understandable chronological structure.

Effects of MWCNT and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) contents on the electrical conductivity and sensor properties of thermoplastic polyurethane nanosurfaces

Recently, strain sensors have significant areas of usage with their strain, stretching and wearable features for various applications such as personal health monitoring, joint movement detection, robotics, etc. To achieve this, various studies are conducted to optimize the production of MWCNT-based nanocomposites. In the present study, a total of 12 solutions were formulated by introducing Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) at different concentrations and ratios into the Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) solution, and then nanocomposite surfaces were produced from these solutions through an electrospinning process. These samples were subjected to resistance changes due to elongation, gauge factor changes due to elongation to evaluate the sensor property and cycle tests to evaluate the sustainability of the sensor feature. According to the results, the best sensor properties were obtained in the samples with SDS added at a rate of 1/20 (MWCNT:SDS) for 0.3 MWCNT and 0.5 MWCNT; on the other hand 1/26 weight ratio of MWCNT:SDS for 0.7 MWCNT.

On the question of the use of colon in Russian and Persian

This article is devoted to the use of the punctuation mark “colon” in the Russian and Persian languages. Its purpose is to identify the exact meanings and areas of this sign usage in Russian and Persian. Punctuation marks in the grammar of the Russian language play a significant role, they help to read and understand the text easier. Punctuation marks in Persian are mainly used to eliminate ambiguities and lead to simple and correct reading of the text. The article analyzes the situations of the usage of this sign in Russian and Persian applying a comparative method and providing examples for each case. The relevance of the study is due to the incompletion of the inventory of cases in which the colon is used; it can also serve as a source for students who have problems on this topic when writing, reading and understanding texts. The scientific novelty of the study is that a comprehensive study of different aspects of the use of the colon in Russian and Persian is carried out. The novelty is also determined by the comparison of the use of colon in Russian and Persian in view of the lack of a special comparative study in this area. It was found that the scope of colon usage in Persian is wider in comparation with Russian, and most cases of its usage match, but some differ. In addition, our article confirms the insufficient consideration of this topic in Russian language textbooks. The results of the article can be helpful to students studying at departments of Russian as a foreign language at Iranian universities, used as additional materials in classroom and by translators.

An overview of halloysite mineral

Halloysite is a type of clay mineral found in the kaolin group together with kaolinite, dickite, and nacrite minerals. Kaolinite is the most common mineral in this group, while dickite, nacrite, and halloysite are rarer. Although halloysite is primarily used in ceramic production, application in other industries is increasing and gaining economic value due to its unique properties. The use of halloysite is determined by the degree of purity and the properties of the nano-sized tubular structure. Naturally obtained halloysite mineral has a key position in the field of nanotechnology due to its unique physicochemical properties originating from its tubular structure. Also, due to its reserves in many parts of the world, halloysite is a more economical material for the sectors compared to artificially produced nanomaterials. And, they find many different application areas because of these features (morphological and physicochemical). Halloysite reserves known in Türkiye are located in the Çanakkale and Balıkesir regions. Although there are many useful studies on halloysite in different, additional studies are needed to understand the nano-sized properties of halloysite ore and to ensure its use that will provide maximum benefit. This study aimed to contribute to the studies on halloysite in terms of literature by compiling studies on the characterization of halloysite minerals, reserve information, physicochemical properties, enrichment methods, and usage areas.

Research on the sketch recognition and automatic plotting of deep learning

Deep learning is one of the most progressive technologies around the world. With its profits of high flexibility and less economic consumption on development, more and more people are attracted to the industry and strive to improve its environment. As two of the biggest branch incorporated with such a novel and robust technology, automatic plotting, and sketch recognition have developed simultaneously. In this paper, various experiments and designs are listed to display the application of the technology. The paper indicated the possibility of such a combination through these tests and experiments. Because of the introduction of deep learning, these fields, such as facial recognition, and medicine, reduced the challenges, solved the potential risk, and paved the path for smoother improvement. Beyond the fact that deep learning still already achieves so much work, the success of in these technologies also helps its growth such as remedy the fact of limited data. It indicates its widespread usage in different areas, suggesting a confirmed future of exploiting.

Family Physicians' Perspectives on the Pros, Cons, and Application Areas of Telemedicine: A Qualitative Study.

Background: There is evidence that telemedicine can be used safely, easily, and cost-effectively in primary health care services. This study aims to determine family physicians' opinions regarding the potential advantages, disadvantages, and usage areas of telemedicine in primary health care services. Methods: This study was designed with a qualitative case study. The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) checklist was followed throughout the research process. Interviews were conducted with family physicians working in a provincial center using snowball sampling in the study. MaxQDA 20 software was used for analysis process, and themes and subthemes were identified through a deductive-reflective thematic analysis method. The family physicians who participated in the study are between 29 and 56. In addition, family medicine specialists, general practitioners, and academic department heads were included in the study. Family physicians are evenly distributed in terms of gender and professional experience. Results: All interviewed family physicians stated that they had not received professional or technical training in delivering telemedicine. It was observed that family physicians had different perspectives on telemedicine in primary care. The data obtained in the study were analyzed under the main themes of the advantages, disadvantages, and services that can be provided in primary telemedicine. Physicians have different views on telemedicine, including negative, undecided, and positive opinions. Conclusion: It is understood that many services could be delivered remotely if the scope, procedures, and processes of the services to be provided are determined with guidelines. It is recommended that family physicians receive professional and technical training in telemedicine.

Pistacia terebinthus MEYVESİ: GIDA BOZULMASINI ÖNLEMEK İÇİN BİR ALTERNATİF

The aim of this work was to investigate the usage possibilities of P. terebinthus fruit, which has a limited usage area, in the food industry. Antimicrobial activity of hexane extract obtained from P. terebinthus fruits from Adıyaman (Turkey) was determined by disc diffusion and micro-dilution assays against test microorganisms. In addition, the antibacterial activity of the extract on Escherichia coli O157:H7, one of the most important food-borne pathogens, was determined by viable cell count using a macro-dilution assay. The potential for use of the extract with probiotic candidate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains was also investigated. The hexane extract presented antimicrobial activity against all the tested microorganisms, with good inhibition zone diameters between 10.51 mm and 18.02 mm. MIC and MFC or MBC values of P. terebinthus fruit extract were determined as 5-80 µg/µL against all tested microorganisms. The lowest MIC and MBC values (5 µg/µL) of the extract were obtained against E. coli O157:H7. Macro-dilution assay results indicated that the P. terebinthus extract at various concentrations (5-10-20 mg/mL) inhibited the growth of E. coli O157:H7 more than the control group after all of the incubation hours. No viable E. coli O157:H7 cells were detected after 48 hours at all concentrations. The extract showed low antimicrobial activity, and relatively high bactericidal concentration on probiotic candidate LAB strains. This shows that P. terebinthus hexane extract at appropriate concentrations can be used together with probiotic strains as a natural preservative and biopreservative to prevent food spoilage and extend shelf life.

Investigation of genetic diversity among autochthonous grape cultivars grown in Türkiye using molecular primers

AbstractGrape is a type of fruit widely grown globally and in Türkiye thanks to its importance in human nutrition and diversity of usage areas. Türkiye has a long history of grape cultivation, and the genetic diversity of local grapes grown in some regions has still not been revealed. This study showed the genetic diversity between 60 local grape genotypes selected from north Central Anatolia and nine reference grape cultivars;10 inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and 7 inter-primer binding site (IPBS) retrotransposon primers were used. The mean values of genetic diversity indices in ISSR and IPBS retrotransposon primers were calculated as expected allelic frequency (p) 0.476/0.195, observed allelic frequency (q) 0.524/0.805, number of effective alleles (Ne) 1.326/1.378, Shannon’s information index (I) 0.308/0.367, expected heterozygosity (He) 0.199/0.232 and unbiased expected heterozygosity (uHe) 0.201/0.234, respectively. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) and model-based STRUCTURE analysis divided the studied germplasm into two groups. However, local genotypes were not grouped per the regions where they grew. As a result of the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) analysis, the inter-population variation was determined to be 11%, and the intra-population variation was determined to be 89%. The mean genetic differentiation value (Fst) between populations was 0.303. The results showed that ISSR and IPBS retrotransposon primers effectively explained the genetic diversity.

Erimiş Filament Üretim Yöntemi ile Üretilen Kompozit Yapılarda Yöne Bağlı Yüzey Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi ve İyileştirilmesi

Additive manufacturing methods, which have begun to be used in final product production beyond producing prototypes, are popular research topics today. The Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) method, which has a wider usage area and user base, is the most well-known among these methods. The method in which the polymer is extruded in layers has advantages such as design freedom and topology optimization, as well as disadvantages such as surface roughness and low production speed. The number of materials that can be used in the FFF method is diversifying day by day, and polymeric composites can also be produced beyond pure polymers. The use of engineering polymers such as polyamide in this production method creates many new opportunities. In addition, the start of production of short fiber reinforced polymeric composites has paved the way to produce high-performance final products. In this study, the effects of parameters such as layer thickness and printing orientation on the surface roughness of samples produced using polyamide and short carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite materials were examined. Chemical surface treatment was applied to the surfaces of 3D-printed samples to improve surface roughness. It was concluded that the increase in layer thickness increases the surface roughness, the -/+45 filling orientation creates higher roughness than the 0 and 90 orientations, and the surface quality can be increased by chemical surface modification.

On time demand traffic estimation based on DBN with Horse herd optimization for next generation wireless network

A wireless network's increased demand for mobility means that 5G and later wireless networks must anticipate traffic demand in order to prevent disruptions. The network usage is high in day time in the city areas at that same time, the usage of the network is very low in rural regions. At night the network usage in city areas gradually decreases and gradually increases in the rural areas. When the demand for the network increases, the network traffic also increases. An effective time demand network traffic estimate technique based on deep learning is created to address such problems. The original data are gathered, then preprocessed using two strategies such asgaussian weighted average filter and min–max normalization. A sufficient range of raw data is converted using min–max normalization, and a gaussian weighted average filter is used to transform overall data from low to high quality. After that, use agglomerative clustering to split every base station into a number of groups. Using discrete wavelet transform, separate the traffic data into its high and low frequency constituents. Finally, a modified Deep Belief Network is employed to predict the network traffic. The horse herd optimization is utilized for training the neural network and optimizing the classifier’s weight. According to the simulation research, the proposed strategy can achieve 97 % accuracy with a 0.03 % Error. As a result, the proposed approach performs better than other existing techniques. Thus, the designed model predicted network traffic effective manner.

Corrosion and adhesion properties of MAO-coated LA91 magnesium alloy

Magnesium–lithium alloy is used in different areas of industry and is known as a super light metallic engineering material. However, the use of these alloys is limited due to their surface properties under extreme loads and aggressive environments. Surface treatments can be applied to these alloys to increase their usage areas and improve their weak surface properties. In this study, the micro-arc oxidation method was applied to improve the surface properties of LA91 alloy. The corrosion and adhesion behaviour of the coated samples were investigated. The lowest corrosion current density in the coatings was obtained under Experiment 3. Experiment 3 has the highest Lc2 value due to the coating thickness and the denser and smaller diameter pores of the functional intermediate layer.

Peyzaj koruma ve onarım açısından güneş enerji santralleri: İzmir’de yerel yönetimlerin faaliyetleri

Objective: The aim is to reveal depending on the location choices of solar power plantsthe landscape protection strategies and what needs to be done in terms of landscape restoration after the operations of the power plants are completed.
 Material and Methods: Seven solar power plants owned by local governments in İzmir constituted the main material of this study. In this context, observations were made in the research areas, the characteristics of the installed solar power plants were determined and their environmental effects were evaluated within the scope of landscape protection and repair.
 Results: The installation years, locations, installed capacity, and installation areas of the solar power plants, which are the subject of the research differ from each other. Therefore, their environmental impacts are different from each other. In order to evaluate the environmental impact, the profiles of the power plants within the scope of the research were examined by taking into account the standards of electricity generation from solar energy, and their distances to different uses and transportation axes were measured as bird flights. In addition, the areas covered by the installed power plants were revealed and the usage areas of the produced energy were specified.
 Conclusion: Five of the seven solar power plants examined within the scope of the research are assembled roofs and the other two are land applications. Since more space is required in the area preparation, logistics, and installation of solar power plants, which are land applications, the negative impact on the environment is higher. In order to prevent or reduce these negative effects, appropriate and comprehensive landscape repair plans should be prepared with conservation decisions for the solar power plant areas that are actively working, whose activities have been terminated and will be newly installed.

Electrospun nanofiber drug delivery systems and recent applications: An overview

Fiber technology plays a significant role in advancing drug research. While developing drug delivery systems, nanofiber technology has gained importance due to its high surface area to volume ratio and porosity. The most preferred nanofiber production method is the electrospinning method. This review focuses on electrospun nanofiber drug delivery systems, including analysis of critical process parameters affecting electrospinning and nanofiber properties. Moreover, the design strategies for nanofiber drug delivery systems are explored, including equipment preferences and design types. Given to these design strategies, it is possible to design either nanofiber mat or nanofiber itself. It has been shown that a tailor-made drug delivery system can be prepared using axial-based nozzles and other equipment options. In addition, the prominent features and usage areas of frequently used polymers are mentioned. General characterization studies of post-production nanofibers are discussed. Examples of areas of use for pharmaceutical purposes are presented. Finally, drug release kinetics were evaluated on electrospun nanofiber drug delivery systems. As a result of exhaustive evaluations, various effective applications in the literature have been shown to achieve remarkable results such as drug release manipulation, drug targeting, self-assembling formulation strategies. Therefore, it is clear that in the field of electrospun nanofiber technology, it is possible to modify all the process options and develop a unique drug delivery product, thanks to a comprehensive evaluation of the critical quality parameters of the drug product.

The Phantom of Pure Ethos

: Ethos is an inherent characteristic of persuasion in commonplace scenarios. The acceptance of everyday communicative practices compels belief and trust in language usage, often without question of simple statements. A more substantial understanding of the perceived ethical quality of language usage will afford a richer view of communicative acts, cultures, politics, and events. Three areas of language usage and appearance determine this ethical quality: communion, occasion, and occurrence. Combined, these areas suggest how the phenomena of language usage, particularly within epideictic rhetoric, is not inherently factual in-itself but projects the illusion that it is such.

VISUAL DATA COMPUTER PROCESSING IN EDUCATIONAL DIY PROJECTS

The software tools for processing visual data in an educational chemical experiment, the experience of their usage, and a number of DIY (Do it yourself) projects developed on their basis were analyzed. Particular attention was paid to the role of self-made devices during the forced online education caused by COVID-19 and the full-scale war in Ukraine. The results of the development of the software tool ColorKit, which is being developed at the Department of Physics and Chemistry of H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University are presented. The basic principles were covered, the interface was described, the main functions of the application and their areas of usage were given. The principle of operation of the modules: "Spectrophotometer", "Colorimeter", "Refractometer", "Polarimeter" was characterized. The features of the structure of optical computer devices for physico-chemical analysis developed by teachers, students of higher education and students, members of the Academy of Medical Sciences were considered, and the results of their testing were highlighted. The design of an absorption spectrophotometer based on a reflective diffraction grating made from a DVD disc was described; a new method of its calibration using a diamond green solution was proposed. The operating model was tested and it was established that the accuracy of the device was sufficient for demonstration and educational chemical experiments. The operating principle of the "Colorimeter" module of the ColorKit software tool was considered. It was shown that, unlike other software tools, it had built-in approximation tools, which significantly facilitated the processing of visual data; displaying the results of mathematical processing in a graphic form, which made the experiment visual. It should be noted that for the correct operation of the virtual spectrophotometer and colorimeter in real time, the correct setting of the video device driver is quite important. A number of optical schemes of refractometers developed on the basis of the ColorKit software tool were presented: with liquid and V-prisms; i.e. the device whose principle of action is based on changing the optical properties of the lens in contact with the solution. It was shown that the simultaneous display of the course of the rays and the results of mathematical processing provides a high level of visibility. The results of the approval of the LED DIE refractometer with a V-prism are outlined. Further prospects for the development of the ColorKit project are planned.

Determination of fire intensity after forest fire by remote sensing: marmaris case study

Forest fires in Turkiye are a frequently encountered natural disaster, especially in recent years. After a fire, identifying the plant species to be used in the area and determining the intensity of the fire in the region are important for assessing the area’s capacity for natural regeneration. In this process, geographic information systems and remote sensing methods and techniques are commonly used tools for assessing burned areas and fire intensities following forest fires. In this study, one of Turkiye’s devastating fires, the Marmaris fire, which began on June 21, 2022, is examined. Landsat satellite images, geometrically and radiometrically corrected, were utilized to determine the intensity of the Marmaris fire. As part of the method, the NBR (Normalized Burn Ratio), dNBR (Difference Normalized Burn Ratio), NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), and dNDVI (Difference Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) indices were used for burned area detection. As a result of the study, information about the burned areas, fire intensities, and the regenerative capabilities of post-fire vegetation growth has been obtained. Furthermore, suitable pioneer plant species, considering the fire intensity, have been suggested for the restoration of burned landscape areas after the fire. This study is expected to serve as a guide for relevant public institutions and organizations, particularly the General Directorates of Forestry, enabling them to respond most effectively after fires and implement reforestation efforts considering the usage areas and growth capabilities of needle-leaved and broad-leaved plants.