Arduino Research Articles

Modelling of Gas Leakage Detector with Safety System

Abstract: Leaking of gas is the major problem with industrial sector, domestic areas and vehicles run by LPG gas. Many accidents occur in day-to-day life like explosion because of gas leakage. If gas leakage is not detected earlier then major harm is caused. Due to leakage of LPG gas, it produces hazardous and toxic impact for living things.[1] LPG and natural gas is highly combustible and can burn even at some distance from the source of outflow. The main aim of this project is to present the detection of leakage, alert the danger to people and on the exhaust fan to throw out the gas to prevent from explosion. The gas will be detected by using MQ5 gas sensor. It will immediately turn on the buzzer and exhaust fan and also off the all of the lights, fans of the house for safety, when the sensor detect any gas leakage. This system is controlled by Arduino platform

Arduino-Based Automotive Diagnostic Tester

Abstract The work presented introduces a system that encompasses general notions about the dashboard computer and Arduino platform, used to create an automotive diagnostic tool through the OBDII port. This involves establishing a connection between the Arduino platform, a Bluetooth module, and a Bluetooth adapter that communicates with the Engine Control Unit (ECU), transmitting information displayed on an LCD screen. To highlight the system’s performance, a comparison of results was conducted with an authorized automotive tester from an auto service, using two different vehicle models.

Advanced Traffic Light Controller using FPGA and ARDUINO

This study presents a novel approach to develop a traffic light controller using FPGA and Arduino platforms. The objective is to design a robust, adaptable, and efficient traffic management system. Methodology involves hardware integration of FPGA for real-time processing and Arduino for interfacing with sensors and actuators. The proposed system utilizes FPGA's parallel processing capabilities for rapid decision-making and Arduino's flexibility for sensor data acquisition and actuator control. Performance evaluation includes simulation and real-world testing to assess reliability, response time, and scalability. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller in optimizing traffic flow and improving intersection safety.

Solar Radiation Acquisition and Data Analysis Using Arduino

The rapid increase in energy demand and environmental concerns has driven the adoption of renewable energy sources. Solar energy, being abundant and sustainable, has gained significant attention. Efficiently harnessing and monitoring solar energy systems is crucial for optimizing performance. This research focuses on developing a solar monitoring system using Arduino, a versatile and cost-effective microcontroller platform. The system aims to measure solar irradiance, temperature, and voltage in real-time, providing comprehensive data acquisition and analysis capabilities. This project aims to contribute to the advancement of solar energy technology by offering an effective and affordable solution for monitoring and optimizing solar installations.

Rice Husk-Based Insulators: Manufacturing Process and Thermal Potential Assessment.

The development of bio-insultation materials has attracted increasing attention in building energy-saving fields. In tropical and hot-humid climates, building envelope insulation is important for an energy efficient and comfortable indoor environment. In this study, several experiments were carried out on a bio-insulation material, which was prepared by using rice husk as a raw material. Square rice husk-based insultation panels were developed, considering the ASTM C-177 dimensions, to perform thermal conductivity coefficient tests. The thermal conductivity coefficient obtained was 0.073 W/(m K), which is in the range of conventional thermal insulators. In a second phase of this study, two experimental enclosures (chambers) were constructed, one with rice husk-based insulation panels and the second one without this insulation. The measures of the temperatures and thermal flows through the chambers were obtained with an electronic module based on the ARDUINO platform. This module consisted of three DS18B20 temperature sensors and four Peltier plates. Daily temperature and heat flux data were collected for the two chambers during the dry season in Panama, specifically between April and May. In the experimental chamber that did not have rice husk panel insulation on the roof, a flow of up to 28.18 W/m2 was observed, while in the chamber that did have rice husk panels, the presence of a flow toward the interior was rarely observed. The rice husk-based insulation panels showed comparable performance with conventional insulators, as a sustainable solution that takes advantage of a local resource to improve thermal comfort and the reduction of the environmental impact.

Pollen Morphology of Nymphaeaceae (S.L.)

Eleven taxa of the Nymphaeaceae (s. l.) belonging to five genera viz., BRASENIA , EURYALE , NYMPHAEA, NELUMBO and VICTORIA were examined for the present study. NELUMBO pollen is quite distinct from other genera of Nymphaeaceae in having 3-zonocolpate apertures and reticulate exine. In VICTORIA pollen are shed as permanent tetrads, while in BRASENIA, EURYALE and NYMPHAEA pollen are produced as monads. The pollen grains are l-(2)-aperturate, zoni or zonasulculate and hetero-or iso-polar. Exine surface is spinate, tuberculate, verrucate, granulate or psilate. The application of pollen characters within the family is discussed.

Rancang Bangun Sistem Monitoring Kinerja Fresh Water Generator Menggunakan Arduino Mega 2560

Fresh water is a basic need of the ship's crew in supporting the creation of smooth ship operating activities, therefore it is also necessary to have an auxiliary aircraft that can produce its own fresh water on board to reduce ship operating costs, which is called the Fresh Water Generator (FWG). FWG is an auxiliary aircraft that can convert seawater into fresh water by evaporation and condensation processes. Therefore, it is necessary to have a tool to monitor the performance of the fresh water generator. The purpose of this research is none other than to monitor temperature conditions, water TDS, and conditions on the input and output streams of the fresh water generator evaporator filter to be more optimal and efficient and to determine the reliability of the fresh water generator performance equipment system using a long distance in order to create better and higher quality fresh water production on board. This research uses a prototyping method system. After designing and testing the tool monitoring system for the performance of fresh water generators using Arduino mega 2560 based on LoRa Ra-02, this system is one of the new technologies that can monitor the performance of fresh water generators to be more efficient and reliable. Then the readings of all sensors can work properly with an average percentage error on the Max 6675 temperature sensor of 0.58%, pressure transmiter sensor 1 of 2.04%, pressure transmiter sensor 2 of 2.04%, and TDS sensor of 1,70% and the distance to communication between the receiver and transceiver reaches a range of 200 meters without obstacles and 97 meters through obstacles around.

Design and Implementation of a Car’s Black Box System using Arduino

A black box system (BBS) in a car is crucial for recording and analyzing critical data to enhance safety, investigate accidents, and improve vehicle performance. This research presents a BBS developed using Arduino for cars, aimed at using the power of modern technology for comprehensive data capture and analysis in vehicular contexts. The BBS, or Event Data Recorder (EDR), is an essential component for enhancing road safety, accident analysis, and overall vehicle performance evaluation. The proposed system uses Arduino, a versatile and cost-effective microcontroller platform, to create a robust and customizable solution. It integrates various sensors and data acquisition modules to collect critical data points, including speed, acceleration, GPS coordinates, engine performance, and vehicle diagnostics. The architecture of the system and its smooth integration into automobiles are described in this article through detailed hardware and software design. Data retrieval and analysis are made possible by the system's user-friendly interface, which helps with fleet management, driver behaviour analysis, and accident investigation. This paper addresses the importance of data privacy and security while highlighting technological improvements. It proposes measures to ensure that personal data is managed responsibly and in accordance with legal requirements. In conclusion, a major advancement in improving road safety and vehicle monitoring has been made with the integration of Arduino technology into the car's BBS. Considering data security and privacy, this system provides users with an extensive set of facts to enable them to make well-informed decisions.

RLab Calorimetry: an internet-enabled calorimeter using Arduino for local or remote lab activities

This study presents an internet-connected calorimeter allowing both face-to-face and online laboratory activities. This device aims to create an environment that facilitates enquiry-based teaching strategies. There are three ways to access the device: (i) remotely via the web (WAN—Wide Area Network), locally (ii) through the local network (LAN—Local Area Network), or (iii) as a stand-alone device. It was designed with a client-server structure and utilised the Flask framework in Python. The instrument consists of two isolated containers (calorimeters), allowing for investigative activities that include comparing two liquid samples. The system was built using low-cost components based on the Arduino platform. Unlike virtual laboratories, measurements are performed on real devices. We present the results of direct electrical heating for a short time and record the temperature step of the samples. This straightforward method has proven to be suitable as a learning activity because of its conceptual clarity and effectiveness in teaching and learning. The use of a mechanical stirrer to homogenise the temperature of the liquids is crucial for obtaining high-quality experimental results. The system described in this paper is part of ‘RLab project’, an initiative to develop a platform for remote Experimental Physics Activities in Physics Teaching for public schools in Brazil. This experimental setup can be highly beneficial for implementing an experimental learning methodology, especially in the case of—but not restricted to—distance learning.

Research Paper on Smart Car Parking System

Ø With the ever-growing urbanization and the increasing number of vehicles on the road, efficient management of parking spaces has become a critical challenge in modern cities. In this project, we propose a smart car parking system based on Arduino micro controllers to address this issue. The system utilizes ultrasonic sensors to detect the presence of vehicles in parking spaces and employs RFID technology for vehicle identification. Ø The smart parking system offers several innovative features to enhance user experience and optimize parking space utilization. Users can conveniently locate available parking spaces through a mobile application or digital displays placed at strategic locations. The system also integrates with existing payment systems, allowing for seamless payment transactions and automated access control. Ø One of the key advantages of the proposed system is its scalability and flexibility. It can be easily deployed in various parking environments, including on-street parking, parking garages, and commercial parking lots. Furthermore, the use of open-source Arduino platforms ensures affordability and accessibility, making it suitable for implementation in both developed and developing regions. Ø In addition to improving parking efficiency and reducing traffic congestion, the smart parking system contributes to sustainability efforts by minimizing carbon emissions associated with vehicle circulation in search of parking spaces. It also provides valuable data insights for urban planners and policymakers to optimize parking policies and infrastructure planning. Ø Through this project, we demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of using Arduino-based technology to develop innovative solutions for urban parking management. The smart car parking system presented here serves as a practical demonstration of how IoT and embedded systems can contribute to creating smarter and more sustainable cities.

Anti-Aging Potential of the Two Major Flavonoids Occurring in Asian Water Lily Using In Vitro and In Silico Molecular Modeling Assessments.

Our previous study investigated the major flavonoids and antioxidant potential of Asian water lily (Nymphaea lotus L., family Nymphaeaceae) stamens and perianth extracts. Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (Que-3-Rha) and kaempferol-3-O-galactoside (Kae-3-Gal) were reported as the two most prominent flavonoids found in these extracts. Many flavonoids have been reported on the skin anti-aging effect that are useful for cosmeceutical/phytopharmaceutical application. However, Que-3-Rha and Kae-3-Gal occurring in this medicinal plant have not yet been evaluated for their ability to inhibit skin-aging enzymes. Therefore, this study aimed (1) to assess the enzyme inhibitory activity of Que-3-Rha and Kae-3-Gal, and (2) to conduct molecular modeling of these compounds against critical enzymes involved in skin aging such as collagenase, elastase, and tyrosinase. In vitro enzymatic assays demonstrated that both of the two most prominent flavonoids exhibited moderate to good inhibitory activity toward these enzymes. These experimental findings were supported by molecular docking analysis, which indicated that Que-3-Rha and Kae-3-Gal showed superior binding affinity to the target enzymes compared to the positive controls. Additionally, computational predictions suggested favorable skin permeability and no severe toxicity for both compounds. The results from molecular dynamic (MD) simulation revealed that all the complexes remained stable during the 200 ns MD simulation. Structural analyses and binding free energy calculations also supported the inhibitory potential of these two flavonoids against skin-aging enzymes. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the anti-aging potential of the two major flavonoids occurring in this medicinal plant, paving the way for further development of cosmeceutical/phytopharmaceutical products targeting skin aging.

A Smart Irrigation Water Application System Based on Arduino Platform

Water wastage, erosion, and crop water oversaturation has always been a problem associated with irrigation practice in Nigeria. A smart irrigation system based on Arduino platform was developed in this research to address this problem. The objective of the system is to automate water application to crops and at the same time optimize the use of water resources. The system consists of an Arduino module, data logger, LCD display, water pumps, water storage, moisture sensor, USB connector, and battery. A C++ program was written for the Arduino board so sense the moisture content of the soil, deter mine the wetness status and power the pumps for water application. The results of testing the system shows that the optimal use of irrigation water by the smart irrigation system was 97% more efficient than the traditional system and it can conveniently do irrigation at the rate of 0.063m3/ha. The system is recommended for large scale use especially for dry season farming.

АВТОМАТИЗАЦІЯ ПРОЦЕСІВ КЕРУВАННЯ МІКРОКЛІМАТОМ ЖИТЛОВИХ ПРИМІЩЕНЬ

This paper is devoted to the research of the important issue of increasing the efficiency and optimization of microclimate management processes in residential premises. The purpose of this study is to create an automated system for accurate setting and control of the main parameters of the microclimate in the room, which will make it possible to increase comfort and energy efficiency. To achieve the task, the Arduino platform is used, which is an open hardware and software system with a wide range of opportunities for developing embedded systems. The study includes an analysis of the principles of creating a programmable timer using the Atmel AVR microcontroller, covering the selection of necessary hardware and modules, software development and user interface. The main functions of the programmable timer provide the ability to set a satisfactory microclimate according to the individual needs of the user and adjust parameters such as temperature, atmospheric pressure and humidity. The research results confirm that the developed programmable timer based on the Arduino platform provides effective control of the microclimate in the living room. Implementation of such a system will reduce heating and air conditioning costs, increase indoor comfort, and reduce overall energy consumption.

Arduino-Based Readout Electronics for Nuclear and Particle Physics.

Open Hardware-based microcontrollers, especially the Arduino platform, have become a comparably easy-to-use tool for rapid prototyping and implementing creative solutions. Such devices in combination with dedicated front-end electronics can offer low-cost alternatives for student projects, slow control and independently operating small-scale instrumentation. The capabilities can be extended to data taking and signal analysis at mid-level rates. Two detector realizations are presented, which cover the readouts of proportional counter tubes and of scintillators or wavelength-shifting fibers with silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). The SiPMTrigger realizes a small-scale design for coincidence readout of SiPMs as a trigger or veto detector. It consists of a custom mixed signal front-end board featuring signal amplification, discrimination and a coincidence unit for rates of up to 200 kHz. The nCatcher transforms an Arduino Nano to a proportional counter readout with pulse shape analysis: time over threshold measurement and a 10-bit analog-to-digital converter for pulse heights. The device is suitable for low-to-medium-rate environments up to 5 kHz, where a good signal-to-noise ratio is crucial. We showcase the monitoring of thermal neutrons. For data taking and slow control, a logger board is presented that features an SD card and GSM/LoRa interface.

Innovative pre-fire alert smart detection system-based embedded system

Early fire identification is critical to saving lives and property. One viable strategy for improving fire detection systems’ efficacy and precision is the use of Internet of Things (IoT) technology. This article details research into the conception and development of an IoT, ESP32-based, Arduino MEGA-connected smart pre-alert detection system for fires. Because of its flexible nature, the Arduino microcontroller can easily exchange data with various sensors for real-time monitoring and analysis. This study surveys the existing literature to provide insight into many approaches to early fire detection (forecasting), such as sensor fusion methods and the use of the intelligence concept as a pre-predictor. The research highlights the need to set up sophisticated fire monitoring and alarm systems and to develop predictive models based on sensor data. This study illustrates how embedded systems via IoT technology and the ESP32 architecture may improve the efficiency and dependability of very early fire detection systems. This research adds to the expanding corpus of information that may be used to improve fire safety in contemporary settings. The proposal’s sensors include an Arduino MEGA, an ESP32, a MAX6675 module, an MQ-Smoke, and an MQ-Natural Gas for collecting data, which are then processed using Cloud Firebase and a sleek mobile interface that can be reached overseas at any time.

تصميم وتنفيذ جهاز محمول لقياس كثافة العظام بالموجات فوق الصوتية

هشاشة العظام مرض يتميز بانخفاض كتلة العظام مما يزيد من خطر الإصابة بالكسور. يعتبر مقياس كثافة امتصاص الأشعة السينية ثنائي الطاقة (DXA) بمثابة المعيار الذهبي لقياس كثافة المعادن في العظام (BMD). في سورية، يعد DXA مكلفاً وغير متوفر على نطاق واسع ويقترن بتردد قوي بين المرضى فيما يتعلق بالتعرض للإشعاع المؤين. من ناحية أخرى، وجدت العديد من الدراسات الحديثة أن الموجات فوق الصوتية الكمية (QUS) مفيدة في تحديد تشخيص هشاشة العظام وإعطاء معلومات دقيقة حول صفات العظام. كان الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو تصميم وبناء جهاز قياس كثافة العظام بالموجات فوق الصوتية لقياس كثافة المعادن بالعظام. الجهاز محمول (0.4 كيلو غرام) وهو اقل تكلفة بكثير وليس له اي اثر ضار من الاشعاعات المؤينة. تم تصميم الجهاز باستخدام زوج من أجهزة توليد واستشعار بالموجات فوق الصوتية HC-SR04 لإرسال واستقبال الموجات فوق الصوتية عبر العظم ثم تضخيمها وقراءتها رقمياً باستخدام منصة Arduino. تم تنفيذ الجهاز باستخدام نموذج مُصمم مسبقاً باستخدام برنامج CAD، مع رأس قياس متحرك بحيث يمكن أن يكون مناسباً للعديد من المرضى من مختلف الأعمار. تم اختبار الجهاز على العديد من الأفراد الأصحاء والمرضى من مختلف الجنسين، الذين تتراوح أعمارهم بين 18 و 85 عاماً، كما تمت معايرته والتحقق من صحته باستخدام قيمة كثافة المعادن بالعظام التي يوفرها مقياس كثافة العظام DXA. أظهرت النتائج أن أجهزتنا حساسة بدرجة كافية للتمييز بين الأفراد الأصحاء والمرضى باستخدام أدوات منخفضة التكلفة. وفقًا لذلك، قد يكون للجهاز المقترح فرصة جيدة في المستقبل ليتم اعتباره مقياس كثافة عظام محمول فعال ومنخفض التكلفة.

Rancang Bangun Pengemasan Produk Kacang Goreng Otomatis Berbasis Mikrokontroler

The working system of this Automatic Fried Bean Product Packaging tool uses Arduino Mega2560 as a microcontroller, then a screw on the funnel to accelerate the descent of the product into the packaging plastic and prevent blockages, infrared sensors to detect product availability in storage containers. The tool made uses volume measurements to minimize error on the scales using a load cell sensors. The type of research used in making the final assignment is action research which is carried out carefully, logically and systematically. The conclusions of this research are (1) The system can detect the supply of fried peanuts in the funnel/silo using infrared FC-51 sensor with a distance range of 1 – 8 cm. (2) The system can read the mass input selected by user, namely 75 g, 100 g, and 150 g with a push button and displayed through the LCD. (3) The system can fill the fried peanuts into packages according to the mass that has been set through the KY-008 laser sensor and laser receiver, using the tube volume formula with a percentage error of 4.5% for a mass of 75 grams, 3.83% for a mass of 100 grams, and 5.41% for a mass of 150 grams. (4) The system can perform the package closing process using servo motors, heating elements, and stepper motors. The duration of time required by the heating element in gluing the plastic ranges from 3 to 4 seconds.

DEVELOPMENT OF ARDUINO-BASED CIGARATTE SMOKE DETECTION DEVICE AT SMK NEGERI 2 MAKASSAR

This research method is research and development which aims to produce and know the test results of the development of Arduino-based cigarette smoke detection devices at SMK Negeri 2 Makassar. This software system uses ISO 25010 using the system quality testing stage to obtain the results of functionality, usability, portability, Compatibility, Reliability, Security. This tool has been tested on 22 respondents. This tool has the potential to detect the presence of cigarette smoke or be used as a fire warning system. To improve the ability to detect cigarette smoke is to combine the Internet of Things (IoT) with the Arduino platform. The main components used in this system include Arduino, MQ7 sensor, Flame detector, NodeMCU ESP8266 module, Buzzer or speaker as audio alert, and electrical adapter. When smoke is detected past a predetermined threshold, this tool will issue a warning, both visual and audible, and send data through the Blynk application. In software reliability testing, we got 173 results from each coding and progress status is good or working which indicates the system has fulfilled the reliability aspect. For security testing using the OWSP ZAP application to determine vulnerability or security. As a result, the tool has a medium security level system, which states that the error rate on the server and coding (source code) in the application is categorized as safe

Perancangan Sistem Kontrol Lampu Otomatis Berbasis Suara Menggunakan Arduino

<p><em>Automated control of electrical devices such as lights or lighting plays an important role in energy management in various places. One of the best solutions to achieve efficiency is through automation of electrical devices. This automatic voice-based light control system uses the Arduino platform to manage the operation of lights based on user voice commands. Users only need to give voice commands such as clapping their hands to control the lights. The main purpose of this system is to facilitate interaction between users and lights, avoid the use of manual switches, and minimize the risk of short circuits. This research provides benefits in terms of saving resources, time, cost, and increasing the service life of electrical components.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keyword</em></strong><em>: C Programming Language</em>, <em>Microcontroller</em>, Arduino Mega, <em>Sound Sensor</em> KY-037<em> </em></p>

An IOT Navigating Device for Blind People

Blindness involves the loss of vision. Mobility and independence have long been challenges for blind and visually impaired people. This project proposes BlinDar, a smart Electronic Travel Aid (ETA) to improve their lives. Equipped with Internet of Things technology, BlinDar aims to help the visually impaired navigate indoor and outdoor spaces freely. This highly efficient, reliable, fast-responding, lightweight, low-power, and cost-effective device uses ultrasonic sensors to detect obstacles and potholes within 2 meters. GPS and an ESP32 Wi-Fi module share the user's location with the cloud. An MQ2 gas sensor detects fires along the path, while an RF transmitter/receiver helps locate a misplaced walking stick. The Arduino Mega2560 microcontroller, with its 54 digital I/O pins, provides easy interfacing between all components. . KeyWords: Blindness, Smart Stick, BlinDar, GPS, ESP8266, Internet of Things, RF Tx/Rx, MQ2.