Arduino Research Articles

Research on Intelligent Airbag Technology for Snowboarding Suits based on Arduino and Embedded Systems

With the popularity of skiing, the safety protection of participants has become an important issue. Traditional skiing equipment often overlooks flexibility and instant response capabilities while providing protection. This study aims to explore the application of embedded systems and Arduino in improving the safety of snowboarding suits. By integrating MPU6050 accelerometer and gyroscope sensor, real-time monitoring and intelligent judgment of skiers' sports status are realized. Based on the Arduino platform, a set of intelligent airbag buffer device is designed, which can automatically inflate when dangerous movements such as falling are detected, thereby reducing impact force and protecting skiers from serious injuries. The experimental results show that the system can effectively recognize the falling action and complete the inflation and deflation of the airbag in a short time, verifying the feasibility and effectiveness of the system. This study not only provides a new safety protection scheme for skiing suit design, but also provides a reference for the development of other sports safety equipment.

Enhancing electrical panel anomaly detection for predictive maintenance with machine learning and IoT

This study aims to detect electrical panel fires using the Internet of Things (IoT) framework and Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. Within the scope of the study, an experimental process was carried out using Arduino and Raspberry Pi platforms to collect essential data such as gas, temperature, and humidity. In this experimental work conducted on 3478 data points to detect electrical panel fires, Decision Tree (DT), Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB), Gaussian Process Classifier (GPC), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms were used, and their performances were evaluated. For each algorithm, the best hyperparameters were selected using the 5 k-fold cross-validation method, and different models trained with these hyperparameters were examined. The findings indicate that the GPC algorithm has higher accuracy values than others, and its performance is consistent with a high potential for generalization. The GPC algorithm has stood out from the others with its high-performance values. For the GPC algorithm, the accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and Area Under the Curve (AUC) metrics values were 99.56%, 0.978, 0.989, 0.983, and 0.99, respectively. Additionally, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis has shown that GPC, DT, and SVM algorithms effectively distinguish positive and negative classes.

Low-Cost Ventilator with the Facility of Variable Beats per Minute and Oximeter using Arduino Based ESP32

This project aims to develop a low-cost ventilator using Arduino and ESP32 platforms. The ventilator will be designed to provide basic respiratory support for patients in need, particularly in resource-constrained settings. The Arduino will be utilized for controlling the ventilator's functions, such as adjusting the breathing rate and volume, while the ESP32 will enable wireless communication for monitoring and data logging. Safety and accuracy will be paramount considerations in the design process, with adherence to medical guidelines and standards. Collaboration with healthcare professionals and engineers will ensure that the ventilator meets necessary requirements for effective and safe use. This project seeks to leverage the capabilities of Arduino and ESP32 to create an affordable solution that can potentially help address the global need for ventilators

Circuit design solutions for underwater detection robots

In recent years, the exploration and utilisation of the environment has become in full swing with the advancement of technology. However, the environment has also suffered a certain degree of damage in the process. As a result of the increasingly serious environmental problems, various environmental issues have become hot spots in society. Among them, marine environmental problems have undoubtedly become one of the focuses of attention. Therefore, the robot design for underwater water quality detection has become an important issue. This paper will mainly focus on the design and research of the hardware circuit system of the underwater detection robot, and give the relevant design scheme. The underwater robot will achieve the following functions: floating suspension at a certain depth in the ocean; synchronously detecting the radiation intensity of x-rays and -rays underwater and transmitting the data to the ground to achieve real-time monitoring; maintaining the dynamic balance in the water. Therefore, this paper analyses the pressure sensor circuit, the inertial sensor circuit, the underwater x-ray and -ray detection probe circuit and the DC motor drive circuit, determines the interface relationship of each part, and at the same time, uses the Arduino mega 2560 as the control panel, and provide the appropriate voltage according to the needs of each circuit to achieve the hardware circuit design of the robot.

Enhanced Security and Efficiency in Attendance Management: A Novel RFID and Arduino Integrated System

The advent of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has ushered in a new paradigm in the domain of automated attendance systems, offering a sophisticated yet user-friendly approach to personnel management. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the design and deployment of an RFID-based attendance system powered by the versatile Arduino platform, elucidating its operational tenets, system architecture, and practical implementations. At the heart of the system lies the MFRC522 RFID reader, which synergizes with an Arduino microcontroller to facilitate the identification and logging of attendance data. The system is enhanced by the inclusion of an SD Card Module for data storage and a Real-Time Clock (RTC) Module to ensure accurate timestamping of attendance events. The seamless integration of these components results in a robust mechanism that not only simplifies the attendance tracking process but also fortifies the security framework by leveraging unique identifiers for each user. The study spans the detailed process of assembling the hardware, crafting the software in the Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE), and meticulously testing the integrated system to affirm its efficacy. The resulting attendance system embodies a significant stride towards refining attendance management practices, eliminating the shortcomings of manual tracking while providing a scalable and reliable solution adaptable to various organizational settings.

Innovative Module Design for Advanced Automated Irrigation Systems

Aim:The paper aims to develop a soil moisture sensor utilizing copper material to enhance irrigation efficiency in regions like India. Calibration using the gravimetric method showcased the sensor's superior performance across various soil types. Integrated with an Arduino platform, an automated irrigation module was successfully tested. The developed system offers a practical solution for automated irrigation, even in water-scarce environments.
 Methodology: The study conducted in the Soil and Water Conservation Engineering Laboratory involved fabricating a soil moisture sensor with copper material. The experimental setup comprised four units: power supply, sensing, controller, and display. Calibration involved the standard gravimetric method to establish a linear equation correlating moisture sensor readings with soil moisture content.
 Results: Calibration revealed a linear relationship between the developed sensor's analog values and soil moisture content. Validation against the gravimetric method demonstrated high accuracy across the tested soil types and depths. Statistical analysis yielded low RMSE values (1.02, 1.013, and 1.022), high R² values, and a satisfactory NSE (0.90, 0.90, 0.89), confirming the sensor's reliability and precision.
 Conclusion: The developed soil moisture sensor, validated through rigorous testing, demonstrates superior performance across tested soil types. Integrated into an automated irrigation module, it offers an efficient solution for irrigation automation, contributing to water conservation and improved crop productivity.

Developing an Automated Spectrophotometer with RGB LED and Light Sensor Using Arduino Microcontroller

This research used RGB LED (Red Green Blue Light Emission Diode), LDR (Light Dependent Resistant) sensors, 3D printed sampling cartridge, and Arduino Mega to create a spectrophotometer with automation software to select wavelength, calculate calibration parameters, and report the concentration of the materials being studied. Spectrophotometers are finding applications across many fields, including clinical laboratories, pharmaceuticals, molecular biology, biochemistry, and even the medical realm. This study assembled an Arduino mega system coupled with software for the automatic selection of best-fit color light, calibration curve, and actual concentration interpolation processes. Dilution solutions from multiple chemical materials were evaluated to examine their linearity of calibration curves. Our study demonstrated that the tested chemical samples revealed a significant regression coefficient of up to 0.9945 for serial dilution solutions. Relative concentrations were measured with remarkable precision, exhibiting less than 5.0 % error compared to a commercial spectrophotometer. These findings highlight the viability of the RGB spectrophotometer and emphasize its potential with the promise of further refinement in development.

Full-scale simulator to test a control system of an engine-propeller powerplant of a convertible aerial vehicle

The article presents the results of work involved with developing a full-scale simulator for research into determining the structure and parameters of the control system for unmanned aerial copter-type vehicles with a powerplant comprising electric motors with fixed-pitch propellers. The features of the engineering implementation of the simulator, taking into account the prospects for its development in terms of greater maneuverability (pitch, roll and yaw), are presented. The implemented principle of the Simulink integration – a model of the control object, a controller based on the Arduino platform, a gyroscope-accelerometer to organize feedbacks for the purpose of forming algorithms of the automatic and positional (manual) pitch angle control, manual motor revs control is described. The analysis of the full-scale simulation results in terms of the quality of transients and power costs for various settings of the PID-regulator, which provides generating a signal of electric motor revolutions, is presented. It is concluded that it is feasible to create and use an experimental base to justify the use of adaptive control algorithms for unmanned aerial copter-type vehicles with elements of artificial intelligence to ensure the required flying characteristics in a wide range of properties of control objects.

DETERMINING THE WEIGHT OF OIL EXTRACTED WITH A SCREW PRESS USING A STRAIN GAUGE SENSOR, HX711 MODULE, AND ARDUINO

This research presents an automated system for quantifying oil extracted from a screw press, leveraging a strain gauge sensor and HX711 module in synergy with the Arduino platform. This innovative setup measures the target mass of extracted oil, wherein the collected data is further processed by an Arduino microcontroller. User-defined measurement parameters, such as specific oil mass, dictate when the system terminates the screw press operation. Hitting the set oil mass triggers the Arduino microcontroller to halt the press, allowing for the conservation of raw materials and energy, and consequently ensuring product quality consistency. Conversely, if the desired mass value remains unreached, the extraction continues until fulfillment of target outcomes. This approach optimizes press use, manifesting in maximum efficiency and selectivity in the production process. It demonstrates how such a control system can automate measurement and production supervision, thus fostering optimal screw press operation. The article suggests the solution for integrating Arduino, HX711 module, and strain gauge sensor to measure the weight of the oil extracted through the screw press. The strain gauge and HX711 module were programmed within the Arduino Integrated Development Environment, enabling the accurate measurement of extracted oil mass and data transference to the Arduino controller. A housing bracket 3D model for the strain gauge and HX711 module within the existing screw press was also created using 3D modelling and subsequently printed and implemented. This aids reliable sensor fitting and ensures system stability for oil mass measurement. This study demonstrates the potential for implementing this advancement within pre-existing press infrastructures with minimal changes. Our methodology offers prospective enhancements in quality and efficiency, notably within the oil production domain.

AUTOMATED ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS

The paper provides an overview and analysis of the problems in the application of automated access control systems based on NFC. The capabilities of the Arduino platform are investigated and an access control system with an RFID-NFC module is developed on its basis. The use of automated access control systems in the modern world is becoming increasingly relevant. It involves a number of benefits that such systems can bring to businesses and other entities. These systems simplify and speed up the process of identifying a person, save time and increase the efficiency of security services, but still require human control. RFID-NFC technology is up-to-date, so the development and use of this technology for an access control system can solve the problem of unauthorized access to premises and/or controlled areas. Also, a company/enterprise can save money on identification devices, since various documents with an embedded NFC tag can be used as an identifier. For example, it can be a passport of a citizen of Ukraine, a passport of a citizen of Ukraine for travelling abroad, a certificate of registration, bank cards and a smartphone with NFC function, etc. An automated access control system is a set of advanced technologies and software designed to control and restrict access to a specific private territory/controlled area. The main purpose of an automated access control system is to ensure security, control and monitoring of access to a private territory/controlled area. Such systems are used to identify personnel, vehicles, etc. that have access to a restricted area/controlled zone. Access control systems can be integrated with other security systems, such as video surveillance systems, intrusion detection/prevention systems, etc.

Automated and interactive selective collection system in the educational context of the early years of elementary education

Striving for a more sustainable future, selective waste collection is essential to minimize environmental impacts and promote societal awareness. This project aims to raise awareness among children in the early years of elementary school. It teaches them interactively about the importance of selective waste collection through the reinforcement and practice of sustainable actions in a playful manner. The automated trash bin, constructed using electronic components, is controlled through the Arduino platform with the assistance of sensors and actuators. Thus, when a child approaches the automated trash bin, a sound is emitted to indicate the type of material the bin receives. This solution aims to teach non-literate children how to perform selective waste collection in an interactive and playful manner, instructing them on the separation and disposal of waste using the trash bin. The final prototype underwent preliminary evaluation by 64 individuals through an online questionnaire comprising nine closed-ended questions. The results were positive regarding the effectiveness of this tool's proposal.

Rediscovery of the waterlilyNymphaea thermarumEb. Fisch. in Rwanda

AbstractNymphaea thermarumEb. Fisch. (family Nymphaeaceae) is a small waterlily endemic to Rwanda that has been categorized as Extinct in the Wild since 2010. We report the rediscovery ofN. thermarumin July 2023, not far from its locus classicus, identify the current and potential threats to the wild population (mining and overharvesting by collectors, respectively) and recommend the urgent conservation measures and research required to save the species from extinction. The species occupies small muddy ditches fed by hot spring water used for avocado plantations and fish pools. The population comprises hundreds of individuals, including reproductive adult plants, and seedlings. In the short term, conservation actions should include land protection, negotiation to ensure that sufficient water is reaching the habitat ofN. thermarumand the reassessment of the species on the IUCN Red List, probably as Critically Endangered. In the medium term, the creation of a nature reserve, the restoration of the areas already affected by mining, and the reintroduction ofN. thermarumto its original site would support long-term in situ conservation of the species. Further research should clarify the total and effective population size, population structure, ecology and genetics of this species.

Arthrospira platensis growth control system in semi-industrial environment

The paper proposes the design of a device based on the Arduino platform for obtaining data on the biomass of micro-algae, the temperature of the cultural suspension and the irradiation of the pool surface during semi-industrial cultivation of A. platensis. The task was to offer the simplest possible design, consisting of widely available components. In the course of the work, sensor designs were developed, calibration curves were taken, and correction factors were calculated that are necessary for using this device. The device includes a temperature, irradiance and optical density sensor connected to the Arduino Mega platform. The data from the sensors are displayed on the LCD screen and recorded on the Micro SD card.

Design of a fuel oil measuring device for on arduino mega based SPBT tank at Indonesian army unit

Design of a fuel oil measuring device for on arduino mega based SPBT tank at Indonesian army unit

Design of a versatile Half-Bridge Converter Able to Drive 6x6, 6x4, 8x6, 12x8 Switched Reluctance Generators and Motors Using Arduino

This paper presents the studies required for the design and construction of a versatile Half-Bridge converter. This converter can drive a wide variety of machines - from one to four phases. The converter was designed mainly to drive Variable Reluctance Machines in 6x4, 6x6, 8x6 and 12x8 topologies, working as both motor and generator. The versatility of the proposed converter is its main advantage, as in both academic and industrial applications, this feature can generate financial and production time savings. An analysis was carried out among the main converter topologies to justify the choice of the Half-Bridge topology followed by a project detailing of the chosen converter. For the design and construction of this converter, only commercially available devices were considered. To control the triggering keys, the Arduino platform was used due to its easy access and low cost. After the converter power circuit definition, the circuit for communication between the sensor (encoder), the controller (Arduino), and the switches (IGBT) is presented, and the project assembly is shown at the end.

Oil and Gas pipelines monitoring using IoT platform

The early detection of pipeline breaches in the pipeline monitoring system is a crucial concern for oil management firms. Diverse technologies have been created to identify pipeline leaks. However, they need development as the current systems take a long time to detect leaks. As a result, it can contribute to oil waste and natural disasters. This paper provides a system for detecting pipeline leaks using pressure, water-flow, Accelerometer, and voltage sensors coupled to an Arduino mega microcontroller with BLYNK IoT platform real-time monitoring. It is obvious from the data that the Oil Pipe Monitoring System is capable of displaying pipeline flowrates, pressures, and acceleration. When a leak occurs or an event occurs during operation, a message is delivered to the responsible technical individual indicating which pipe is leaking. This project successfully established an Internet of Things (IoT) platform to monitor pipeline events in real-time.

Scalable and Multi-Channel Real-Time Low Cost Monitoring System for PEM Electrolyzers Based on IoT Applications

This paper discusses and evaluates a novel multi-channel real-time architecture aimed at monitoring a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzer, both at the individual cell and stack levels. The proposed solution includes two primary subsystems: a hardware subsystem dedicated to data acquisition (DAQ) and a software subsystem focused on monitoring purposes. The DAQ subsystem utilizes an Arduino platform, being an affordable and open-source solution. The real-time monitoring data can be encoded in JSON format, widely used as a light-weight inter-exchange data format between a variety of IoT applications. They are also available to be transferred to Excel. Indeed, and to enhance convenience, the proposed system integrates graphs displaying a template based on Excel spreadsheets, which are commonly used in industrial environments. The current, voltage, temperature, and pressure data of both individual cells and stacks were monitored and collected, being configurable under a variety of ranges. As a case study, the validation of the system involved static and dynamic operational modes using a 1.2 kW PEM electrolyzer prototype (100 A, 1 A/cm2). The results successfully provided the monitored variables across individual cells and within the stack. The proposed approach exhibits relevant key characteristics such as scalability, flexibility, user-friendliness, versatility, and affordability and are suitable to monitor PEM electrolyzers in real-time at both the cell and stack levels.

Доступная цифровая лаборатория на базе платформы Arduino MEGA 2560 для учебного физического эксперимента

The possibility of creating a modern digital laboratory based on the microcontroller platform Arduino MEGA 2560, designed for demonstration and laboratoryphysics experiment, in the project activity of a teacher and students is shown.

Obtaining microclimatic parameters of the environment as a result of scientific and technical creativity of IT students

The results of measuring and processing the microclimatic parameters of classrooms are described: temperature and relative air humidity, as well as atmospheric pressure, obtained over 2 years as a result of involving IT students in scientific and technical creativity to create instruments and the necessary software infrastructure for a network for measuring environmental parameters using available components such as the Arduino platform.

Development of a monitoring device for metal fragments in food products – hardware

This report presents a development of a device for monitoring metal fragments in food products. The work is focused on the design and hardware implementation of the device. The offered similar developments with industrial application by companies are at a relatively high price. This gives reason to look for a solution at a lower price with components offered in the commercial network, using the Arduino platform. From the known methods for detecting metal fragments, the Induction Pulse method was chosen. The present development could be applied, for example, in small companies with activities in the food industry, in the retail network, in catering establishments, as well as in activities from other industries.