RLab Calorimetry: an internet-enabled calorimeter using Arduino for local or remote lab activities

Abstract

This study presents an internet-connected calorimeter allowing both face-to-face and online laboratory activities. This device aims to create an environment that facilitates enquiry-based teaching strategies. There are three ways to access the device: (i) remotely via the web (WAN—Wide Area Network), locally (ii) through the local network (LAN—Local Area Network), or (iii) as a stand-alone device. It was designed with a client-server structure and utilised the Flask framework in Python. The instrument consists of two isolated containers (calorimeters), allowing for investigative activities that include comparing two liquid samples. The system was built using low-cost components based on the Arduino platform. Unlike virtual laboratories, measurements are performed on real devices. We present the results of direct electrical heating for a short time and record the temperature step of the samples. This straightforward method has proven to be suitable as a learning activity because of its conceptual clarity and effectiveness in teaching and learning. The use of a mechanical stirrer to homogenise the temperature of the liquids is crucial for obtaining high-quality experimental results. The system described in this paper is part of ‘RLab project’, an initiative to develop a platform for remote Experimental Physics Activities in Physics Teaching for public schools in Brazil. This experimental setup can be highly beneficial for implementing an experimental learning methodology, especially in the case of—but not restricted to—distance learning.