Arduino Uno Board Research Articles

Development Of An Artificial Intelligence Body Gesture Detection Dustbin With An Autonomous System

Effective waste collection is essential in homes and offices to maintain a healthy society, particularly for the elderly and individuals with disabilities. Smart technologies offer an innovative approach to addressing real-world challenges and fostering sustainable development. This system uses a microcontroller, ultrasonic sensors (HC-SR04) to detect the distance or movement of objects, an Arduino Uno as software frame work, a servo motor to open the lid, and a battery for continous power. Automatic activation is triggered by body gestures, making the system both user-friendly and efficient in waste disposal. The ultrasonic sensor detects a user's presence and sends signal to the Arduino Uno board which in turn activates the servo motor to open the dustbin lid. This operation minimizes the risk of contamination, as waste can be disposed without direct contact with the bin. The dustbin is mounted on an autonomous system that moves towards the user and returns to its designated position using features like line-following, path-finding, and Bluetooth-based (HC-05) wireless control for intelligent navigation. Keywords: Ultrasonic sensor, Autonomous system, smart bin, AI, Navigation, Gesture, Body.

Experimental Outdoor Vehicle Acoustic Testing Based on ISO-362 Pass-by-Noise and Tyre Noise Contribution for Electric Vehicles

This paper focuses on the novel and unique training provision of acoustics relevant for noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH), focused on the ISO-362 standard highlighting important design aspects for electric vehicles. A case study of the practical implementation of off-site vehicle testing supporting an acoustics module is described, detailing a time-constrained test for automotive pass-by-noise and tyre-radiated noise with speed. Industrial test standards are discussed, with education as a primary motivation. The connections between low-cost, accessible equipment and future electric vehicle acoustics are made. The paper contains a full equipment breakdown to demonstrate the ability to link digital data transfer, analogue-to-digital communication, telemetry, and acquisition skills. The benchmark results of novel pass-by-noise and tyre testing are framed around discussion points for assessments. Inexpensive Arduino Uno boards provide data acquisition with class 1 sound pressure meters, XBee radios provide telemetry to a vehicle, and a vehicle datalogger provides GPS position with CANBUS data. Data acquisition is triggered through the implementation of light gate sensors on the test track, with the whole test lasting 90 minutes.

Implementation of a low-cost current perturbation-based improved PO MPPT approach using Arduino board for photovoltaic systems

In photovoltaic (PV) systems, the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy by the PV module is influenced by various factors, including sunlight intensity and temperature. To achieve optimal performance, it is crucial to accurately track the maximum power point (MPP) of the PV module. Among the numerous MPP tracking (MPPT) techniques that have been developed, the perturbation and observation (PO) method has gained significant attention due to its simplicity and reliability. However, the fixed perturbation step size used in the traditional PO algorithm can result in poor tracking capability, excessive ripple, and drift, leading to high power loss and low tracking efficiency. To address these limitations, this paper proposes an improved version of the PO strategy that introduces an adaptable step-magnitude mechanism, utilizing current perturbation instead of the voltage perturbation typically employed in the classical PO method. This enhanced indirect PO approach maintains low complexity and can be easily implemented on a cost-effective Arduino Uno board. A streamlined C++ code integrates the improved PO MPPT strategy with a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller, eliminating the need for separate PID blocks and further reducing system complexity. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed technique, comparative analyses are conducted against the traditional PO algorithm, particle swarm optimization (PSO), fuzzy logic control (FLC), and a recently introduced approach, the zone voltage (ZV) method. Simulation results using Proteus software demonstrate that the improved PO approach outperforms the other techniques in various aspects, including achieving the highest static and dynamic tracking efficiencies of 99.38% and 99.88%, respectively, negligible power loss and fluctuations, the fastest convergence speed, and the shortest tracking time of 0.19 seconds.

Structure of software and hardware module for research of DC electrical machines. Part 1

The structure of a hardware and software complex for the study of DC electric machines and a mathematical model of its electromechanical part taking into account the influence of temperature on the resistance of the armature winding have been developed. The hardware and software complex is implemented on the Arduino Uno board. A distinctive feature of which is the modular structure, which allows conducting research on DC electric machines in various operating modes (start-up, armature speed control, reversing, braking). In addition, it is possible to implement various laws of changing the load moment. For this purpose, the hardware and software module include the studied and load DC electric machines, which are mechanically connected to each other by means of a coupling and operate in motor and generator modes, respectively. The proposed model makes it possible to describe electromagnetic processes in DC electric machines taking into account the influence of temperature on the resistance of the armature winding, as well as overheating of individual parts of the electric machine. The proposed hardware and software module can find practical application in research laboratories in the study of DC electric machines in various operating modes.

Embedded system controlled switching system for reconfigurable antennas

AbstractA multiband and reconfigurable antenna is the one of the main aspects in the communication system which has an extremely important role. An embedded based solution for the fast operation of a reconfigurable antenna to work in a specific operating frequency band is the solution of future technologies. Embedded based solution increases the speed by avoiding the dependence on manual control of the RF switching elements. In this paper, the proposed embedded system‐controlled switching mechanism operate the reconfigurable antenna in any one of the operating bands by a single command to be send from a remote location. The embedded system receives the command and configure a set of PIN diodes as per the modes. The proposed solution consists an Arduino UNO board as motherboard, SIM900A as GSM module to receive the command from user, biasing circuit to control the operation of PIN diode, PIN diode to reconfigure the patch pattern and a user mobile for sending AT command.The proposed model is successful and tested on proteus software 8.0. The model is also deployed on the newly designed multiple‐input‐multiple‐output antenna where the result shows the successful operation to achieve multiband frequency operation.

Sistem Keamanan Rumah Berbasis Internet of Things Menggunakan Metode Rapid Application Development

Conventional home security systems often lack the ability to monitor and respond in real-time, which makes them vulnerable to security breaches and delayed interventions. This research is an Internet of Things (IoT) based home security system that uses hard programming methods. This system consists of hardware that uses Arduino Uno, ESP32CAM and PIR sensor modules to detect movement, an ESP32CAM camera that takes pictures, and an Arduino Uno board that processes and transmits data. ESP32CAM takes images from the PIR sensor and sends them to the cloud server when it detects motion. The smartphone application then allows users to find out about potential disruptions in real-time through photo notifications. The system's ability to provide immediate visual evidence of suspicious activity, allowing for a rapid and informed response, determines the system's effectiveness. This system is also cheap and easy to use, so a wide range of users can use it. The use of easily accessible components and open-source software reduces costs and simplifies setup, enabling widespread adoption of this updated security product

Intelligent Traffic Signal Management with PLC

This study introduces a Smart Traffic Light Control System (STLCS) that uses advanced technologies to improve traffic regulation. The key components include a camera-based traffic density detection module and a specialized vehicle identification system using Radio Frequency (RF) technology. The system’s core is an Arduino Uno board along with several converters and a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Field tests show that STLCS effectively analyses traffic density and prioritizes emergency vehicles, proving its potential for global traffic management improvements

Exploring a reversible adaptation of conventional HPLC for capillary-scale operation

This study introduces a feasible approach for utilizing a conventional High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) instrument at the capillary scale (1 - 10 µL/min). The development of an active flow splitter and an adapted UV-visible (UV–vis) detection cell are described. The system employs an Arduino Uno board to monitor a flow sensor and control a stepper motor that automates a split valve to achieve capillary-scale flow rates from a conventional pump. A capillary UV–vis cell compatible with conventional detectors, featuring an optical path length with a volume of 14 nL, was developed to address the detection challenges at this scale and minimize extra column band broadening. The system performance was assessed by a lab-packed LC capillary column with 0.25 mm x 15 cm dimensions packed with 3.0 µm C18 particles. Model compounds, particularly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), were employed to assess the functionality of all developed components in terms of theoretical plates, resolution, and band broadening. The proposed system is a profitable, reliable, and cost-effective tool for miniaturized liquid chromatography.

Development of Arduino-based high heat detector temperature control prototype for household appliances

<span lang="EN-US">In the Philippines, fires are a widespread concern, with plenty of incidents attributed to electrical appliances. These incidents are a leading cause of non-open flame fires in the country, highlighting the urgent need for preventative measures. Existing devices could only trigger an alarm at 100 °C without shutting off the appliance automatically. To address these limitations, the researchers aimed to develop a high heat detector with 95% detection accuracy and less than 5% error in detecting high heat. This device used an Arduino Uno Board and relay to trigger an automated power-off mechanism in appliances experiencing high heat. Temperature changes were detected, and alarms were activated using an LM35 temperature sensor and buzzer. The accuracy of the LM35 sensor was assessed through hot bath tests, which included 12 trials at each temperature level between 80 °C and 150 °C with 10 °C intervals. The prototype’s performance revealed an average error rate of 1.13% and an average standard deviation of 0.9403. The computed F1 Score of 98% indicated that the prototype fulfilled the objectives. Functionality tests confirmed that the prototype successfully achieved its intended goal by shutting off the appliance when the threshold temperature was reached and enabling its operation otherwise.</span>

Design and Development of Self Balancing Two Wheeler

The Self-balancing robots represent a fascinating intersection of technology and practical application. This project aims to design and develop a self-balancing two- wheeler robot capable of maintaining stability and balance autonomously. Drawing inspiration from principles observed in human balance and locomotion, the robot employs a combination of sensors, actuators, and control algorithms to achieve its objective. The project begins with an in-depth literature survey, exploring existing research and methodologies in the field of self-balancing robotics. Leveraging insights from key publications, the project outlines fundamental principles, sensor fusion techniques, advanced control methodologies, and challenges inherent in self-balancing robot design. Key components including an Arduino Uno board, accelerometers, gyroscopes, DC motors, batteries, and optional reaction wheels are carefully selected and integrated into the robot's hardware architecture. A systematic approach to hardware selection, assembly, sensor integration, microcontroller programming, and motor control ensures a coherent and functional design. Throughout the development process, emphasis is placed on rigorous testing, calibration, and iterative improvement. The robot is subjected to various environmental conditions and scenarios to validate its stability and performance. Calibration procedures refine sensor accuracy and control algorithms, enhancing the robot's ability to maintain balance under dynamic conditions. The project culminates in the creation of a comprehensive documentation package, detailing schematics, code explanations, assembly instructions, and testing methodologies. Additionally, a presentation showcases the robot's functionality, design rationale, and potential applications. By meticulously following the outlined steps and leveraging insights from existing research, this project aims to contribute to the advancement of self-balancing robotics and serve as a foundation for future exploration and innovation in this exciting field

Design and Development of Line Following Tour Guide Robot

The aim of this research project is to develop a Tour Guide Robot showing sufficient intelligence to work as a tourguide in different environments. In doing so, both a software and a hardware architecture are proposed, the different modules of which, such as a sensor, speaker, amplifier, motor(dc), and display, among others, control the different components of the robot. Those components are in turn used by other modules designed for navigation and interaction. A sensor fusion for the purposes of localization is implemented by means of an Arduino Uno Board, which is one of the control module components, together with the other sensors needed for path following. A speaker and amplifier system that controls the voice modules also forms part of this architecture for assisting interaction. Finally, all the modules are controlled with an Arduino Uno Board and programming language. The modules are optimized for immediate execution to achieve navigation and human–machine interaction. The interaction with visitors will be achieve through video display on an android tablet placed on top of the robot. The tour guide robot will display the video about the place it visits when the visitors press the video play button on the android tablet screen.

An IoT- based Measure Guage for Surveil of Water Quality by Parametric Quantity

Abstract: The document highlights the pressing need to address water-related challenges through innovative approaches, particularly by integrating IoT technology for water quality monitoring. Emphasizing the critical importance of safe drinking water, it proposes an IoT-based framework for continuous water quality assessment. This framework utilizes specific sensors to measure key parameters like turbidity, pH, and temperature, with microcontrollers processing the data for transmission to an Arduino Uno board. Real-time communication enables timely sharing of crucial information with stakeholders, facilitating proactive water resource management. The system determines water drinkability based on compiled data and provides a visual representation for easy interpretation by non-experts. Overall, the integration of IoT offers a comprehensive solution, ensuring safe water consumption and community engagement in water quality management, essential for securing sustainable water resources.

Smart Water ATM with Arduino Integration, RFID Authentication, and Dynamic Dispensing for Enhanced Hydration Practices

This proposal outlines the development of a comprehensive solution to address hydration challenges through the creation of a Smart Water ATM with Arduino integration, RFID authentication, and dynamic dispensing capabilities. Traditional water dispensers often fall short in monitoring water intake and promoting optimal hydration practices. In response, our project aims to revolutionize hydration practices by integrating Arduino Mega and Uno boards into a Smart Water ATM with a Bottle Dispenser. This innovative system is designed to dispense specific water quantities based on user preferences, encourage the use of personal water bottles, display water temperature, and operate independently without the need for a water line connection. Prior to prototype fabrication, an extensive literature review and survey were conducted to understand existing water dispenser shortcomings and gather public perspectives in Singapore. The Smart Water ATM addresses identified issues by incorporating sensors to monitor water levels, dispense specific quantities, and measure water temperatures. The prototype fabrication involves designing a stainless-steel housing, 3D printing the Smart Water dispenser unit, and installing tanks, tubing, and electronic components. To enhance user interaction, the Smart Water ATM requires RFID authentication through Identity Cards, tracking daily water consumption. An LCD screen displays the dispensed water volume over the ATM’s lifespan, motivating users to be mindful of their water consumption and minimize wastage. Adjustments will be made for deployment in public spaces, such as train stations, where access to permanent water dispensers is limited. This proposal presents an innovative solution to promote enhanced hydration practices, encouraging users to adopt mindful water consumption habits.

Methane Emission Estimation Tools as a Basis for Sustainable Underground Mining of Gas-Bearing Coal Seams

Underground coal mining of gas-bearing coal seams is accompanied by the emission of large amounts of methane, which increases with depth. Coal seam methane is not only a major cause of major accidents in coal mines, but is also a greenhouse gas that has a significant negative impact on the Earth’s atmosphere. Analysis of the efficiency of underground coal mining suggests that as the depth of mining increases, the productivity of a longwall decreases by a factor of 3–5 or more, while the specific volume of methane emitted increases manifold and the efficiency of methane management decreases. Effective management of coal seam methane can only be achieved by monitoring its content at key points in a system of workings. Monitoring of methane not only eliminates the risk of explosions, but also lets us assess the effectiveness of using methane management techniques and their parameters to improve efficiency and reduce the cost of methane management (including a methane drainage) for ensuring sustainable underground coal mining. The aim of this article is to develop a software and hardware complex for monitoring methane in a coal mine by creating a simulation model for monitoring methane. The Arduino Uno board and the methane sensor MQ-4 were used for this purpose. In this article, the causes of methane emissions in coal mines, gas control systems, the structure of the mine monitoring system, and the causes of risks and occurrence of accidents in coal mines are considered. As a result of the work, the mathematical model of the methane measurement sensor was developed; the Arduino Uno board developed a simulation system for methane monitoring; and the numerical results of the research are presented in the graphs.

Fabrication of Manually Operated Electro Magnetic Abrasive Finishing

The aim of our project is to obtain precision finishing of rough surfaces which are required to the work by addition of joystick to adjust the magnetic field on to the required surface. The magnetic field can relocated at any point by the use of joystick by the use of arduino uno board. Arduino can be used to develop interactive objects, taking inputs from a variety of switches or sensors, and controlling a variety of lights, motors, and other physical outputs. The results demonstrate the viability of the manually operated (EMAF) setup in achieving desired surface finishes across a range of materials, including metals and composites. It is designed to offer flexibility and ease of use, allowing operators to adjust parameters such as magnetic field intensity, abrasive particle size, and feed rate. Through a series of experiments and analysis, the efficiency of the fabricated system is evaluated in terms of surface roughness, material removal rate, and surface integrity. Key Words: Precision finishing, Magnetic force, Surface quality, Polishing, Manual operation.

Design and Production of Heartbeat Counter for Medical Application

Heartbeat pulse measurement is an important medical practice used to determine the health status of an individual. This research was concerned on the design and production of heartbeat pulse counter for medical applications with specific features. The device senses and monitors the heartbeat rate whenever a fingertip is placed on the pulse sensor, the pulse sensor is a plug and play device which is detachable from the Arduino Uno board, the Arduino Uno receives and calculates this data and the result displayed on the 16X2 LCD display based on the written codes. It has the features for initial display, showing system on and when a finger is placed, it readily displays heartbeat rate detected and presents the pulse rate of the individual. Its design and production was achieved and used to test the heartbeat of many persons. Further work is required to incorporate GSM module with the capability of sending text message and cloud hosting of the medical data of an individual.

Smart timetable display for students’ subject allocation in classroom using IOT

This essay describes the development of School bells have played a major role in all of our childhoods. But even with the advent of technology, a lot of things have gone digital, and the school bell is still a manual, antiquated bell. The first break occurs after two periods, and the second break occurs after the next two periods. After the fifth period, school is out. You can select a topic and duration for each period from a list of options in the project.The six days of the week that the user can set the schedule for are Monday through Saturday. The user can also alter the duration of each period. Our college's bell is set to ring continuously for ten seconds at a time in each of its blocks. This is accomplished by using data transmitted via the Internet of Things to notify teachers and students about the concurrent conclusion of a particular session in each block. In addition, a voice module is utilized to read aloud the data shown on the LCD module while a buzzer beeps to indicate an alarm. Three main parts were used in this Arduino college bell circuit: an Arduino Uno board, an IC RTCDS1307, and 16x2 LCD modules.The Arduino is a reading device.To develops this system, an STM32 controller, a Bluetooth module, a school bell buzzer, a 16 x 32-inch LED display, buttons, basic electronics components, and a PCB board are used. The STM 32 controller communicates with the user via the display. Both running and settings modes are available. The user can set the system's current schedule with timings using the Android app.

Mult-Pattern Fingerprint Security System By IJISRT

To improve security measures, a multi-pattern fingerprint security system is proposed in this study. To offer sophisticated security features, the suggested system combines a database, an Arduino Uno board, and a fingerprint sensor. Because of the way the system is designed, it may keep multiple fingerprint patterns in the database, which adds to its adaptability and versatility. The Arduino Uno board functions as the client in the proposed system's client-server architecture, while the database serves as the server. The user's fingerprints are captured by the fingerprint sensor, which then transmits the information to the Arduino Uno board for processing. After that, the Arduino Uno board transmits the fingerprint information to the database for authentication and storage. Additionally, the system has a graphical user interface (GUI) that.

Multisensory system for non-invasive monitoring and measuring of laboratory animal welfare

This paper presents a novel, cost-effective multisensory system designed for animal monitoring in research settings. The system aims to objectively assess animal welfare and discomfort during experiments, addressing the need for affordable monitoring solutions in research laboratories. Developed and validated in compliance with European regulations on animal experimentation and in accordance with the requirements of the Animal Research Centre at the University of Alcala´ in Madrid. The system integrates Raspberry Pi 4 Model B and Arduino Uno boards with various sensors, including temperature, humidity, ammonia, airborne particles, and an RGB camera. A user-friendly web interface allows remote monitoring and management of the system. This innovation promises to improve the efficiency and feasibility of animal research, enabling more precise and ethical experimentation while advancing scientific knowledge and animal welfare.

A Short Range Radar System using Arduino

RADAR is a detection system that uses radio waves to determine the characteristics of the detected objects such as: range, height, direction, or the speed of objects. This paper, is aimed at designing a radar system that uses an ultrasonic sensor to detect objects. The ultrasonic sensor is used to measure the distance between the radar and any object-based non-contact technology. This system is controlled through Arduino. Arduino UNO board is sufficed to control ultrasonic sensor and also to interface the sensor and display device. Whereas, the movement of the sensor is controlled by using a small servo motor. This radar is controlled using the Arduino Uno board as a microcontroller. The signal received from the sensor is processed using “Processing Development Environment Software". Ultra-sonic sensor is attached to the servo motor it rotates about 180 degree and gives visual representation on the software called processing IDE. Processing IDE gives graphical representation and it also provides angle or position of the object and distance of the objects on the PC or monitor.