Archival Literature Research Articles

Semantic Indexing of Open Scientific Literature to Help Users Discover and Navigate through Publications Networks

In recent years, several evolutions have drastically transformed the way researchers as well as scientific and technical information (STI) services interact with scientific literature. The amount and pace of publications are skyrocketing, whether in journals and conferences or through pre-publication repositories (e.g., arxiv.org), such that it is increasingly difficult to keep up, find and make sense of relevant articles. Furthermore, the specialization of research communities makes it difficult to discover cross-disciplinary knowledge, which is essential to meet the growing demand of funding agencies for interdisciplinary projects. Scientific open archives are central in this landscape, however the keyword-based search services that they usually provide fail to grasp the semantic relationships between articles. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new tools that allow users to find their way in this mass of knowledge. In this talk, we wish to present the methods, tools and services implemented in the ISSA*2 project to address these needs, and discuss how they could fit and be deployed in the biodiversity area. Guided by the open science goals and embracing the FAIR*1 principles, the project aims to: provide a generic, transferable and extensible pipeline for the analysis and processing of the articles of an open scientific archive; turn the processing results into a semantic index stored and published as a public RDF knowledge graph; develop innovative search and visualization services that leverage this semantic index to allow researchers, decision makers or STI professionals to explore thematic association rules, networks of co-publications, articles with co-occurring topics, etc. provide a generic, transferable and extensible pipeline for the analysis and processing of the articles of an open scientific archive; turn the processing results into a semantic index stored and published as a public RDF knowledge graph; develop innovative search and visualization services that leverage this semantic index to allow researchers, decision makers or STI professionals to explore thematic association rules, networks of co-publications, articles with co-occurring topics, etc. The semantic index construction process involves several artificial intelligence techniques: natural language processing, knowledge engineering and Semantic Web. These techniques are used to process the publications’ metadata and text to automatically extract thematic descriptors and named entities. These descriptors and named entities are linked to knowledge bases such as Wikidata, DBpedia and GeoNames, or domain-specific terminological resources suited to the archive's domain. The semantic index linked with the third-party resources serves as a keystone to support the development of rich search and visualization tools aimed at researchers and/or STI professionals. We demonstrated the effectiveness of this solution in the use case of Agritrop, an institutional archive of 110,000+ resources among which are 12,000 open access articles, specialized in the fields of agronomy, biodiversity and sustainable development. In this context, the Agrovoc multilingual thesaurus was used as a domain-specific reference vocabulary. Fig. 1 illustrates how the concepts mentioned in the articles of the archive can be used to discover and visualize association rules. In this example, articles mentioning concepts COVID-19 and food security (a) frequently mention concept pandemics (b). Fig. 2 shows how other visualization techniques can help users search articles mentioning concept health or any of its sub-concepts (a and b), discover that it is often co-mentioned with climate change (c), and get the list of related publications (d) and their time distribution (e). Being designed as a generic, transferable solution, the pipeline and visualization tools delivered by ISSA could be easily adapted to open archives of biodiversity literature. Typically, terminological references such as Darwin Core Terms, Access to Biological Collection Data (ABCD), open Digital Specimens (openDS), Audubon Core Metadata Schema as well as various taxonomic registries, could be considered for the description of an article's metadata or the linking of thematic descriptors and named entities. From there, the proposed visualization techniques could easily be reconfigured to explore the articles from a biodiversity open archive to answer various competency questions, for instance: what are the articles that mention a taxon or any of its child taxa? What are the museums/institutions that are more frequently mentioned together with certain taxonomic groups? What are the research topics that frequently co-occur with climate change, and how do these topics evolve through the years? What public policies frequently occur in articles that mention endangered species? Furthermore, the pipeline could be extended by including existing third-party tools to carry out e.g., the extraction of relationships between entities or the reconciliation of authors' names.

Evolvement of ROSCA to real property acquisition as a form of interest-free SBF model: a PRISMA-compliant systematic review

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the evolvement of the concept and practice of the Rotating Savings and Credit Association (ROSCA) from informal fund collection for indivisible durables to real property acquisition under the interest-free SBF model by analyzing the previously conducted research that focused on the concept in terms of names, forms, and natures.Design/methodology/approachA PRISMA-compliant systematic literature review is adopted to ascertain the most relevant studies from various sources and analyze the extracted data or items to accomplish the research objective. Besides, bibliometric network, thematic, and statistical analysis are also applied to bolster the findings acquired from the systematic review. Furthermore, this study mathematically formulates and introduces the customized PRISMA systematic flowchart.FindingsThe results reveal that the concept of ROSCA has evolved over the years from informal to formal, micro to macro, individual to institutional, social to business, and fund collection for purchasing household items to real property acquisition since 1962. In this process, the focus area of the research has been shifted from characteristics, operation, and economics to law; source of funds, and history to social; benefits and contribution to digital, risk, and savings behaviour. It is noticed that the majority of the study are Africa-centric, followed by Asia; academic discussion on the ROSCA covers most of the social and economic arena, except the real property acquisition aspect. However, the SBF concept fills up this gap by introducing a real-property-acquisition-centric ROSCA model. The authors provide future agendas regarding focus areas that researchers may consider to develop the SBF concept.Originality/valueThe study focuses on the evolvement of a savings-based model. No study concentrates on the evolution process of the model from ROSCA to SBF; in fact, no conspicuous academic study is found regarding the systematic review of ROSCA in the literature archive.

Atomic Details of Biomineralization Proteins Inspiring Protein Design and Reengineering for Functional Biominerals

Biominerals are extraordinary materials that provide organisms with a variety of functions to support life. The synthesis of biominerals and organization at the macroscopic level is a consequence of the interactions of these materials with proteins. The association of biominerals and proteins is very ancient and has sparked a wealth of research across biological, medical and material sciences. Calcium carbonate, hydroxyapatite, and silica represent widespread natural biominerals. The atomic details of the interface between macromolecules and these biominerals is very intriguing from a chemical perspective, considering the association of chemical entities that are structurally different. With this review I provide an overview of the available structural studies of biomineralization proteins, explored from the Protein Data Bank (wwPDB) archive and scientific literature, and of how these studies are inspiring the design and engineering of proteins able to synthesize novel biominerals. The progression of this review from classical template proteins to silica polymerization seeks to benefit researchers involved in various interdisciplinary aspects of a biomineralization project, who need background information and a quick update on advances in the field. Lessons learned from structural studies are exemplary and will guide new projects for the imaging of new hybrid biomineral/protein superstructures at the atomic level.

Defining and Managing Corporate Tax Risk: Perceptions of Tax Risk Experts*

ABSTRACTWe examine the “black box” of corporate tax risk management by providing unique insights into practitioners' tax risk perceptions, tax risk management practices, and influences leading to variation in tax risk management practices across firms. Opening this black box is important as tax risk has become an increasingly relevant aspect in corporate tax practice—little is yet known about how firms define and manage tax‐related risks. We perform our analysis based on 33 expert interviews, which we conducted with 42 tax risk experts. The first important finding from our interviews is that tax risk is a multifaceted and context‐dependent construct, consisting of six tax risk components: financial, reputational, compliance, political, tax process, and personal liability risk. Furthermore, we find that perceived tax risk varies substantially between corporate insiders and corporate outsiders. Our interview insights further reveal that firms' most frequently used tax risk management practices relate to some form of tax communication. The tax departments' rationale for using tax communication as a key tax risk management practice is to protect the firm—in particular, the CFO—from three types of pressure: public pressure, peer pressure, and regulatory pressure. Our analysis has important implications for future studies. First, our insights reveal that several tax risk components are not sufficiently covered by common tax risk measures used by the archival literature. Second, we find that communication has a key role in managing tax risk. This deviates from the purely supportive role that extant risk management frameworks have assigned to communication.

Perkembangan Kehidupan Ekonomi Petani Cabai Nagari Paninjauan Kecamatan X Koto Kabupaten Tanah Datar 2007-2020

This study discusses the economic life of chili farmers in Nagari Paninjauan, X Koto District, Tanah Datar Regency in a certain period, the decrease and increase in chili production which has an impact on the level of farmers' welfare. This study aims to explain the economic development of chili farmers from 2007-2020 in Nagari Paninjauan, Tanah Datar Regency. The purpose of this study was to explain the pattern of production and distribution of Nagari Paninjauan chili and to explain the economic conditions of Nagari Paninjauan chili farmers from 2007-2020. This research includes qualitative research, using historical research methods. Qualitative research is a research procedure that produces descriptive data. The steps in historical research go through four stages, namely heuristics (data collection), source criticism, interpretation (interpreting historical evidence) and historiography (historical writing). Data collection techniques used are archive studies, literature studies and interviews. The results showed that, first, the farmers' chili production was sold to collectors who have been partners for a long time. Second, that the ups and downs of chili prices affect the lives of farmers in meeting their daily needs.
 Keywords: Development, Economy, Chili Farmers

The role of social capital in developing sustainable micro-entrepreneurship among rural women in India: a theoretical framework

Objective of the Study: To analyze the role of social capital in developing sustainable micro-entrepreneurship among rural women. In addition, it also interprets the conceptual understanding of social capital, micro-entrepreneurship development, and the determinants that promote micro-entrepreneurship have been discussed. Relevance/Originality: There are numerous ways to achieve entrepreneurship, but social capital is one way to develop entrepreneurship. Social capital consists of mutual trust, understanding, reciprocity, social relation, collective actions, etc., among its group members.Methodology/Approach: This article presents a conceptual, theoretical framework by scrutinizing the archive literature to comprehend social capital's role in developing sustainable micro-entrepreneurship. Three forms of social capital, namely Self Help Group, SHG federation, and NGO, have been considered for this study. These social capitals then correlate with each of the indicators of micro-entrepreneurship identified and examined the role of social capital in developing sustainable micro-entrepreneurship among rural women.Main Results: Three forms of social capital such as SHG, SHG federation, and NGO that have been taken for this study, contributes to sustainable micro-entrepreneurship in various ways, i.e. SHG and SHG federation help in achieving social factors and financial inclusion, whereas NGOs provide entrepreneurial training and suitable business network for the women-owned enterprises. Theoretical/Methodological contributions: This study contributes to developing a theoretical framework by analyzing the pieces of literature that contribute to sustainable micro-entrepreneurship development through social capital. Social/management contributions: Social capital promotes sustainable micro-entrepreneurship, which leads to the employment generation, generates regular sources of income, addresses multiple social and economic issues, and promotes a better means of livelihood for rural women.

MOSCOW ARCHİVE AND LİBRARY GUİDE FOR BEGİNNERS

Rus arşivleri, Genel Türk Tarihi araştırmalarının yazılı kaynakları arasında önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu sebeple çalışmamızda Moskova’daki arşivlerde araştırma yapmayı hedefleyen genelde sosyal bilimcilere, özelde tarihçilere bir yol göstermeyi planlamakla birlikte, buradaki arşivlerin çalışma disiplini hakkında bütün araştırmacıların bir fikir sahibi olması amacını taşımaktayız. Bu haliyle çalışma tarihçilerin vakit kaybetmeden arşive ulaşabilmesi, kayıt olabilmesi ve katalogları tanıyabilmesi adına bir nevi rehber niteliğindedir. Ayrıca Rusya tarihi, Türk-Rus ilişkileri üzerine arşiv çalışmaları yürütmek isteyen lisansüstü öğrenciler ve kıdemli araştırmacılara yol göstermesi açısından dizayn edilmiştir. Bu tür bir rehber hazırlama fikri Moskova’da yürütmüş olduğumuz arşiv çalışmaları sırasında karşılaşmış olduğumuz zorluklar neticesinde ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu alandaki yabancı literatürde özellikle İngiliz, Alman ve Rus tarihçiler için Moskova arşivlerine yönelik rehber niteliğinde birçok makaleler yazıldığı görülmektedir. Bahsi geçen makalelerin içeriklerinde arşivlere ulaşım, kayıt olma süreci ve fonları dahil olmak üzere geniş bir yelpazede bilgi verilmektedir. Türk araştırmacıların da burs ve proje fonlarını daha etkili kullanabilmeleri için arşivler hakkında bilgi sahibi olmalarının elzem olduğu düşüncesiyle makalede, araştırmalarını kısa sürede tamamlamalarına katkı sağlamak amacıyla bir tablo ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. 
 Moskova’da Rusya Federasyonu Devlet Arşivi (Гарф, State Archive of Russian Federation), Rusya Federasyonu Ekonomi Arşivi (Ргаэ, The Russian State Archive of Economy), Rusya Federasyonu Sosyal Politika Arşivi (Ргаспи, Russian State Archive of Social and Political History), Rusya Federasyonu Askeri Arşivi (Ргва Russian State Military Archive) ve Rusya Federasyonu Film Arşivi (Гфкрф, Russian State Film Archive) olmak üzere çok sayıda arşiv yer almaktadır. Çalışmada listesi verilen birinci el kaynak olarak değerlendirilen başvuru merkezlerinin kayıt olma süreci, ulaşım, arşivde çalışma koşulları ve katalog bilgilerinin detaylarına nasıl ulaşılacağı başta olmak üzere pek çok konuda detay verilmeye çalışılmıştır. Moskova’da tarih araştırmaları için arşivlerin yanı sıra kütüphane ve enstitülerden yararlanılması da önemlidir. Lenin Devlet Kütüphanesi (Ргб, Russian State Library) Rusya Tarih Kütüphanesi (Государственная публичная историческая библиотека России гпиб) ve Alman Tarih Enstitüsü Moskova’da araştırmacıların uğrak merkezlerinin başında gelmektedir. Bu amaçla kütüphane ve araştırma enstitülerinin çalışma koşulları, araştırmacılara sunmuş oldukları imkanlar hakkında da faydalı bilgilerin yanı sıra proje ve burs imkanlarının detayları işlenmiştir. Moskova’da Rusya Federasyonu Edebiyat ve Sanat Arşivi (Ргали, Russian State Archive of Literature and Art), Rusya Federasyonu Dış Politika Arşivi (АВП РФ Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation), Rus Çarlığı Dönemi Dış Politika Arşivi (авп рф, Foreign Policy of Russian Empire) Rusya Federasyonu Modern Tarih Arşivi (Ргани Russian State Archive of Recent History) olmak üzere diğer arşivler de araştırmacıların başvurabileceği merkezler arasında sıralanabilir. Çalışmada, Moskova’da araştırma yaptığımız arşiv, kütüphane ve enstitüler temel alınarak ilk defa araştırma yapacak yüksek lisans, doktora öğrencileri ve kıdemli araştırmacıların hızlı bir şekilde arşiv ve kütüphane kaynaklarını kullanabilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

MEASUREMENT OPERATIONALIZATION AND WRITTEN CLARITY IN ACCOUNTING RESEARCH: AN INTEGRATED PEDAGOGICAL APPROACH FOR A DOCTORAL RESEARCH SEMINAR

The purpose of this paper is to provide an integrated pedagogical approach that professors can use with doctoral students to immerse students in a decision-making process that is critical to a successful research project: variable operationalization. Using articles from well-regarded journals to evaluate the operationalization choice of the “restatement” variable, the authors assemble a pedagogical approach that includes exercises professors can use with doctoral students. The setting chosen explores three methods used to operationalize the financial restatement variable in empirical archival accounting literature that students can explore: announcement date, first occurrence, and all occurrences. Students are first tasked with identifying the elements influencing measurement choice. Next, students assess whether findings reveal that statistically distinct results arise from each of the three measurement choices evaluated. Finally, students come to realize that an incorrect measurement choice may subject research findings to reductions in explanatory power, risk of type 1 and type 2 errors, and altered direction (sign) of coefficients. Achieving clarity in measurement choice and exposition are challenges inherent in accounting scholarship. This pedagogical approach helps nascent scholars work through these challenges using an actual empirical research setting, i.e., financial restatements. The insights gained can be applied by doctoral students in their own research efforts.

Environmental safety issues and challenges and geodynamic monitoring at the Karachaganak oil and gas condensate field

Purpose. Environmental safety evaluation and geodynamic monitoring of the Karachaganak oil and gas condensate field (KOGCF) explored on the north board of the Pre-Caspian depression in order to predict the consequences of long-term operation of this field. Methodology. Synthesis and system analysis of the articles and archival literature on environmental hazards and geodynamic monitoring of the complex methods, repeated levelling process, GPS-measurements, high-precision gravimetry and seismological monitoring. Findings. At a qualitative and quantitative level, the activation of vertical and horizontal movements of rock masses, changes in the field of local gravity anomalies, more frequent earthquakes whose hypocentres are located at depths comparable to the intervals of field development are substantiated. Trends and tendencies in the study on the relationship between the continuously changing geodynamic state of the subsoil and field-geological processes are outlined. All these manifestations in one way or another find manifestations in the environmental risks of the area of the exploited deposit. In the conclusions, it is recommended to carry out a set of measures to reduce environmental risks. Originality. The results of geodynamic monitoring at the KOGCF for the northern board of the Pre-Caspian depression for the first time made it possible to obtain convincing evidence in favour of noticeable seismic-deformation processes in the upper part of the earths crust under the influence of hydrocarbon production processes. Practical value. The conclusions obtained in the work confirm the necessity and binding of geodynamic monitoring in order to study and assess the possibility of different scenarios of geodynamic situations related to the development of hydrocarbon fields, are recommended for levelling factors of potential geodynamic risk at the KOGCF.

‘You Survived? We Were Told All Jews Were Gassed’: Jews, Czechs, and the Memory of the Holocaust

ABSTRACT This article discusses postwar memory of the Holocaust in Czechoslovakia, with a focus on Moravia and Czech–Jewish relations. The case study explores the development during and after World War II in the town of Uherský Brod (Ungarisch Brod), which was home to a significant Jewish community before the war. Based on the archival sources, literature, and oral history testimonies, the paper addresses the wartime imposition of antisemitic measures and emergence of anti-Jewish stereotypes and illustrates the reactions of the non-Jewish local majority to the persecution of the town Jews. Memory of the Shoah is depicted based on the experiences of the individual participants and shows that some survivors encountered friendly acceptance from non-Jews while others experience hatred and refusal. Even among the educated and those of higher social strata, the article proves that antisemitic stereotypes remain in the majority society to this day.

Studijski boravak Sretena Adžića i Jovana Milijevića u Švedskoj i Norveškoj 1898‒1899. godine

The paper discusses the study visit of pedagogue Sreten Adžić and his col- league Jovan Milijević from the Aleksinac Teacher Training School to the United Kingdom of Sweden and Norway during 1898 and 1899. Based on the decision of the Minister of Education and Church Affairs of the Kingdom of Serbia, Adžić and Milijević arrived to this Scandinavian country in early June 1898 with the task of studying organization and structure of its school system and to get acquainted with the teaching of handwork and physical education in primary and secondary schools. Adžić stayed in Sweden and Norway for a little over two months, while Milijević remained there until mid-July of 1899. After returning to his homeland, Adžić was appointed principal and Milijević teacher of handwork in the newly opened Male Teacher Train- ing School in Jagodina, in which they introduced their pedagogical experience from Scandinavia. During his stay in Sweden, Milijević mastered Swedish language to such an extent that he was able to translate various literary works and scientific papers. The paper is based on the study of original material from the legacy of Sreten Adžić kept in the Vraćevšnica monastery, official acts of the Ministry of Education and Church Af- fairs stored in the Archives of Serbia, modern periodicals and relevant literature of domestic provenance and newspaper material of Swedish provenance.

Training of personnel for the healthcare sector at the initial stage of development of the People's Republic of China (1949-1960)

This article is devoted to the study of issues of cooperation between the USSR and the PRC in the field of personnel training for the healthcare sector in the 1949-1960-ies. Based on the analysis of archival data, sources and literature on this topic, the authors came to the conclusion that after the establishment of diplomatic relations between the countries in 1949, intensive interaction began in various sectors of the economy and public life. The research focuses on the features of building the healthcare system as a whole, as well as training personnel for this area at the initial stage of development of the Chinese state and its healthcare system. It is revealed that despite the short historical period of active cooperation, China, with the help of the USSR, was able to integrate the Soviet model into the national health system, which allowed solving one of the acute social problems in the specified historical period. In addition, the Soviet model of public health made it possible to deal in a timely manner with the threats of the spread of diseases, including those of a mass nature, up to the present time. The authors concluded that the development of cooperation in the field of healthcare between our countries can be divided into five main stages. The period 1949-1960 is the most effective, since it was at this time that comprehensive assistance was provided by the USSR.

How far have we come? A historic scoping review of dental traumatology literature

The status of the protocols used for the management of dental trauma (DT) in the eighteenth and early nineteenth-century is largely unknown. The end of World War II saw a tremendous resurgence of high quality research and the development of codes of ethics and publishing. The aim of this scoping review was to analyse articles related to aspects of DT published before 1945 in the English language. An expert group discussion was done to create an a priori protocol based on the PRISMA-2020-guidelines' extension for scoping reviews. A systematic search strategy based upon the Population (P), Exposure (E), Comparator (C), Outcome (O) and Time (T) was performed in five databases on 10 February 2022. Filters were used to identify the literature until 1945, and duplicates were removed. The scrutiny of the titles and abstracts and later the full texts was performed as per the pre-defined eligibility criteria. The grey literature and archives of the English language dentistry literature were searched, and a reference search was also performed. A total of 13 studies were selected from the databases and 20 from the reference searching. The first reported article was from the year 1872. Two other case reports had been published by 1899 and three more before World War I (1914). The majority of the studies originated from the United States of America. Nineteen were case reports, five were original research articles, two were classifications and guidelines papers, and one was a review. During the period before 1945, 33 articles were published regarding DT. The articles were mostly related to the description of cases, although there were a few original research papers. A significant observation, contrary to popular belief, was the presence of articles related to conservative management of injuries to tooth roots and the dental pulp. A progression in terms of the quality of protocols over time was also observed.

Potential Therapeutic Benefits of Honey in Neurological Disorders: The Role of Polyphenols.

Honey is the principal premier product of beekeeping familiar to Homo for centuries. In every geological era and culture, evidence can be traced to the potential usefulness of honey in several ailments. With the advent of recent scientific approaches, honey has been proclaimed as a potent complementary and alternative medicine for the management and treatment of several maladies including various neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and multiple sclerosis, etc. In the literature archive, oxidative stress and the deprivation of antioxidants are believed to be the paramount cause of many of these neuropathies. Since different types of honey are abundant with certain antioxidants, primarily in the form of diverse polyphenols, honey is undoubtedly a strong pharmaceutic candidate against multiple neurological diseases. In this review, we have indexed and comprehended the involved mechanisms of various constituent polyphenols including different phenolic acids, flavonoids, and other phytochemicals that manifest multiple antioxidant effects in various neurological disorders. All these mechanistic interpretations of the nutritious components of honey explain and justify the potential recommendation of sweet nectar in ameliorating the burden of neurological disorders that have significantly increased across the world in the last few decades.

Private Archive in Turkey: Recommendations in the Context of Private Archives Practices in Scotland

Private archives, which are not produced by public sources, enlighten the public, and are the continuation and complement of public archives, have an important place in domestic and foreign archive literature. These archives are generally created by families, individuals, legal institutions and organizations by natural or unnatural ways. Therefore, they are seen as hobby products that have a special and personal quality and are not subject to legal regulations. However, private archives have a supporting role to public archives in illuminating the issues affecting the state and nation life, especially historical research. There are various legal regulations regarding private archives in Turkey. However, although these regulations are insufficient, active and effective steps are not taken at the point of implementation. In this study, the current legal regulations and issue concerning private archives will be exemined and the National Archives of Scotland, which has important private archive applications, will be mentioned. Finally, some practice recommendations have been developed in order to make private archives more effective and functional in Turkey.

An inscription on a book from the collection of A. I. Tunkov in the scientific library of the Tobolsk Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve

Expositions in museums, libraries, other institutions of culture and arts as well as publications about book inscriptions are an illustration of the increased interest to this theme. The Scientific Library of the Tobolsk Historical and Architectural Museum- Reserve contains more than three thousand books with inscriptions and autographs of many famous figures of Siberia, Russia and abroad. Even if the addressee’s surname does not belong to the category of famous and celebrated, the donation record does not become less interesting. The publication presents a brief characteristic of the book collection of the producer A. I. Tunkov, found in the stock of the Scientific Library of the Tobolsk Historical and Architectural MuseumReserve, and attributes the discovered script of the actor M. M. Mikhailovich-Dolsky on the book “Picture Gallery or Systematic Collection of Drawings in all Branches of Human Knowledge” (St. Petersburg, 1872). The author managed to determine the names of the addressees of this inscription, the circumstances that gave rise to its origin. Work in the Scientific Archive of the Tobolsk Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve and in the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art permitted to find out previously unknown facts from the biography of A. I. Tunkov.

Exhibition Activities of the Pavlovsk Palace and Park Ensemble in the 1950s

During the period of active post-war restoration of the palace and park ensembles of Leningrad, in the absence of permanent expositions, exhibitions were one of the few ways of museum communication. The article focuses on the exhibitions of the Pavlovsk Palace Museum and Park in the 1950s. As a research base, the author uses articles from the newspaper “Vperyod” issued in the city of Pushkin, and unpublished materials of the Central State Archive of Literature and Art of St. Petersburg: reports and plans of the directorate, programs of festive events, minutes of the scientific department employees’ meetings, financial reports of the 1950s, etc.On the example of Pavlovsk, the article reveals the essence of exhibitions as a typical phenomenon for a museum complex, as well as for a culture and recreation park, which allowed forming civic consciousness and implementing state cultural policy. The exhibitions helped to solve a set of political, educational, personality-developing, leisure, and cultural tasks of Soviet cultural institutions.The author conducts a comparative quantitative analysis of the total number of exhibitions by year. Based on the content of the exhibitions, there is provided a universal thematic classification. The article shows the connection of the disclosed topics and the number of exhibitions with the cultural and political situation in the country during that period. There is determined the organizational specifics of the process, within which the main sites, time and forms of exhibitions are identified.The article concludes that most of the exhibitions did not correspond to the museum’s essence, but those that related directly to the history of the museum and its collections were in tourist demand. Some of the exhibitions of the museum profile, over time, determined the content of the future permanent expositions of the State Museum-Reserve “Pavlovsk”. The emergence and growth of such exhibitions, covered in the media, contributed to the activation of visitor interest in Pavlovsk as a museum and the development of cultural tourism, primarily at the local and regional level.

Destined to Brexit? British Pathways to Membership in the European Communities 1945–73

AbstractThis article explores whether and how the United Kingdom was destined to Brexit before it even joined the European Communities in 1973. Drawing on archival sources, media reports and literature about Britain's arduous relationship with ‘Europe’, it argues that four features made the Brexit outcome more likely. They were the accession to the EC as a measure of last resort which prevented the construction of a new sustainable narrative about a brighter future in ‘Europe’; the political elites’ use of the issue of EC membership or further integration for short term party gains; highly exaggerated hopes that membership in and by itself would cure Britain's economic ills or give it a new global leadership role; and a colonial style diplomacy that severely underestimated Britain's growing dependency on its continental European neighbours. In conclusion, the article argues that it nevertheless required the formation of a parochial political elite of little Englanders to achieve the extreme outcome of Brexit.

THE CHANGING AND DECLINE OF JOHOR KANGKAR SETTLEMENTS: A CASE STUDY OF MUAR, JOHOR

Kangkar is a traditional Chinese historic settlement in Johor, which established during Kangchu system from 1844 to 1917 represents strong historical significance in the Chinese architectural paradigm. However, the number of kangkar settlements decrease drastically from 100-120 to less than 20 in current context. This article aims to identify the possible reasons of kangkar decline in order to give insight in developing conservation policy for the historic settlement. Historical method was employed through archival research, literature review, and historical cartography; while field trip was carried out to examine the current development of kangkars. The findings revealed that 75% of kangkars are lost while the rest of 25% have been survived at least partly in today’s context. The establishment of New Village Resettlement and development of new town near to the kangkar settlements greatly contributed to the diminishing of kangkars at Muar. In short, the identification of reasons contributes to decline of kangkars act as the lessons to be integrated in traditional village conservation or town development planning in the future. This could avoid further neglect, gradual deterioration, and destruction of the traditional environment built with the experiences gained over the centuries.

Toxic osteomyelitis of the jaws. Presentation of clinical cases at 5 years postoperative

Toxic osteomyelitis of the jaws develops from the consumption of narcotic preparations, which contain ephedrine, red phosphorus, iodine compounds and other chemicals, called Perventine (vint). The statistical study based on the data of the Institute of Emergency Medicine archive and current literature sources, indicates a tendency to increase in the last 15 years the frequency of toxic osteomyelitis of the jaws in drug users. The late addressing of patients, determined by the psycho–emotional and social aspects, creates difficulties in their treatment and in their subsequent rehabilitation. From the same aspects, it is difficult to monitor in time the results of the treatment, which often requires repeated interventions at the level of soft tissues, bone, teeth for morpho– functional rehabilitation. For an assessment of the condition of patients with toxic osteomyelitis of the jaws, we will present 5 clinical cases at 5 years postoperatively.