Archival Funds Research Articles

Information Support of Oraganization of Communication Between Citizens and Archival Institutions

The relevance of the article. The Internet is a powerful tool for finding and providing information. In modern conditions, one of the most important elements of the functioning of the Internet is a website, which ensures the proper process of communication between all participants of the virtual space. As a result, the development of a website on the Internet will allow the use of modern technologies for the development of information support for professional activity and professional communication. An important component of the information support of archival activity in the period of information technologies development is the presentation of the product on the Internet using its own website. This is providing the user with access to archival documents through information bases and reading rooms, providing as complete and objective information as possible about the composition and content of archival funds through the global Internet network.
 The purpose of the article. To conduct a study of the application of innovative technologies in the practical activity of archival institutions and the improvement of its information support.
 The methodology. The article examines the need to modernize the archive file by implementing a website into the activities of these institutions.
 The results. As a result, the needs of users were determined and a website project was developed, which will provide users with the necessary services and improve the prestige of the institution.
 The scientific novelty. The article highlights innovative ideas for creating a web portal for the archive that will cover all the necessary services.
 The practical significance. The practically implemented website project for the archive of the Lviv Polytechnic can be used by default to present its services on the Internet, communicate with citizens, as well as provide services through the created functions of submitting and receiving documents.

Делопроизводство в советах судей субъектов Российской Федерации (в контексте обеспечения сохранности документов об их деятельности в составе Архивного фонда РФ)

The councils of judges in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as the general meetings of judges of individual courts, being the bodies of the judicial community, conduct their own documents management systems. The insufficiency of regulation in the field of paperwork of these bodies forms uncertainty in the matters of recruiting their archival collections. This article has made an attempt to develop prospects for improving activities to maintain information about the work of the Soviets of judges of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation as part of the Archival Fund of the Russian Federation.

Review of the personal collection of A. A. Bashmakov and M. N. Bashmakova in the Bakhmeteff Archive of Russian & East European Culture

The subject of the study is the archival fund of A. A. Bashmakov and M. N. Bashmakova in the famous archive of Russian emigration - the Bakhmeteff Archive. Most of the documents consist of correspondence, manuscripts of essays, lectures, copies of publications by A. A. Bashmakov and M. N. Bashmakova created during their life in Paris (1924-1958). After the death of Maria Nikolaevna, Alexander Chekan, priest of the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Paris, donated their collection to the archive. The purpose of the article is to introduce the contents of this archival fund to Russian researchers, which is of significant interest to specialists in the history of emigration, foreign archival Rossica, and the history of the Civil War. The article presents documents which highlight Mr. and Mrs. Bashmakov's family ties, circle of contacts, scientific and social activities, publications. The author reviewed an extensive archival material, not introduced into scientific circulation before, gave an overview of it, noted a number of remarkable documents that provide new information about the activities of A. A. Bashmakov and his wife in pre-revolutionary Russia and in emigration, and their socio-political views. Despite the presence of several articles about A. A. Bashmakov, valuable archival materials remained outside the field of view of researchers, including his personal collection in the Bakhmeteff Archive. The materials of this archive, difficult to access for Russian researchers, have not been used before in scientific works. In addition to issues related to A. A. Bashmakov’s contacts with other émigré figures, the article is the first to study in detail the origin and content of the memoirs of his wife M. N. Bashmakova and daughter N. A. Bashmakova.

DYNAMICS OF THE WIDELY USED FEMALE NAMES OF UZHGOROD DURING THE 20th CENTURY

Introduction. The article examines widely used female names that functioned in Uzhgorod during the 20th century. Among the 81 onyms that were below the top ten for nine chronological sections, those that repeatedly changed their status during the studied period, moving into the group of the most used, widely used and rarely used, were selected. According to the periods of their functioning, in the central part of the female name vocabulary, cross-cutting, intermittent, temporary names are established.
 The purpose. The purpose of this analysis of the dynamics of widely used female names in Uzhhorod during the 20th century. The object of the research is proper female names that functioned in the statistical group of widely used ones for 100 years. The subject of the research is their dynamics over the course of a century.
 Materials and methods. Several methods of linguistic analysis were used in the research, in particular, the method of chronological sections, statistical method for counting the total number of female names, holistic analysis, determination of the most used, widely used names. The source base was the materials of the church metric books of Transcarpathia 1900-1945 and the books of the archival fund 1945-2000, which are stored in the state archive of the Transcarpathian region.
 Results. As a result of the research, it was established that the group of widely used female names of Uzhhorod residents in the 20th century got 81 names, or 12.1% of the total number of female names. The central part of the female names vocabulary of Uzhhorod served the largest percentage of carriers during the studied period – 48.2%, or 4073 newborns.
 Conclusions. A thorough analysis of the obtained responses helped to establish that among the widely used female names, the most numerous were onymas, which repeatedly changed their status during the 20th century, being in the group of widely used and rarely used female names. According to the periods of operation, the most discontinuous names were found, which went out of use for a while and returned to the female names vocabulary of Uzhhorod. 37 units, or 45.7% of the total number of all widely used names were recorded. The practical value of the research is that the given material can be used in compiling a dictionary of proper Ukrainian names, for lectures on Ukrainian onomastics.

The Influence of the Stalinist Totalitarian System on the Socioeconomic Development and Agriculture of the Semipalatinsk Region, 1946-1950

The aim of the article is to analyze the influence of Stalin’s policy on the economy of the Semipalatinsk region in the period from 1946 to 1950, as well as to find out the consequences of the social and economic policy of the Center, which affected the further development of the region. In the course of the research, the scientific literature and materials of archival funds of that time were thoroughly studied, and the following methods were used: general philosophical method, method of collecting and analyzing, and problem-chronological methods. An in-depth study of the theoretical foundations of economic development allowed us to identify the features of the formation, structure, and level of development of the economy of the Semipalatinsk region, as well as the reasons for the shortcomings in the study period. Taking into account the new methodological principles of modern historical science, this article comprehensively analyzes the problems of socio-economic development of the Semipalatinsk region in 1946-1950 years. The main directions of economic development of this period are considered in detail. At the same time, not only the achievements of the leading manufacturers were studied, but also attention was drawn to the shortcomings that occurred in industry and agriculture.

ON THE ISSUE OF DEPORTATION OF THE PEOPLES OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS TO KAZAKH SSR IN THE YEARS OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR (ACCORDING TO KAZAKH ARCHIVES)

The paper aims to collect and systemize the data of the Kazakh archives on placement, keeping and features of the stay of the deported peoples of the North Caucasus on the territory of Kazakhstan. The author limited the scope of research to residents of the republics of the North Caucasus, since the largest number of deportations were from Karachay-Cherkessia and Chechen-Ingushetia republics. Consideration of all aspects of the deportation of Crimean Tatars, Greeks from the Crimean Autonomous Republic, Meskhetian Turks, Khemshins from Georgia requires separate research. The object of the author’s research was the issues of deportation, accommodation and keep of the peoples of the North Caucasus in 1944 to Kazakhstan. On the basis of a scientific analysis of the materials of a number of archival documents – various resolutions, directives, certificates, reports, the author traces the processes of resettlement and control over the arriving representatives of the deported peoples. The resettled families were specially distributed by the authorities to various regions of the vast territory of the republic. A considerable number of deportees ended up in political camps set up at factories, or were sent to build complex engineering structures. When conducting a scientific analysis, the author of the article used data from documents from Kazakhstani archives and collections of documents on the subject. As the main materials of the study, party documents, directives of the NKVD bodies, materials from the archives of the Prosecutor General’s Office, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the KNB of the Republic of Kazakhstan were involved. The author reveals that the very Stalinist policy of deportation of peoples was carried out on the basis of the narrow framework of party instructions of the Bureau of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. All these resolutions and instructions are found everywhere in investigation cases or indictments found by the author in archival funds. The main results of the study are the identification of valuable documentary information on such issues as the definition of the regions of Kazakhstan involved in the resettlement process, indicating the number of resettled, the conditions of detention and adaptation of the deported.

ON THE ISSUE OF DEPORTATION OF THE PEOPLES OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS TO KAZAKH SSR IN THE YEARS OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR (ACCORDING TO KAZAKH ARCHIVES)

The paper aims to collect and systemize the data of the Kazakh archives on placement, keeping and features of the stay of the deported peoples of the North Caucasus on the territory of Kazakhstan. The author limited the scope of research to residents of the republics of the North Caucasus, since the largest number of deportations were from Karachay-Cherkessia and Chechen-Ingushetia republics. Consideration of all aspects of the deportation of Crimean Tatars, Greeks from the Crimean Autonomous Republic, Meskhetian Turks, Khemshins from Georgia requires separate research. The object of the author’s research was the issues of deportation, accommodation and keep of the peoples of the North Caucasus in 1944 to Kazakhstan. On the basis of a scientific analysis of the materials of a number of archival documents – various resolutions, directives, certificates, reports, the author traces the processes of resettlement and control over the arriving representatives of the deported peoples. The resettled families were specially distributed by the authorities to various regions of the vast territory of the republic. A considerable number of deportees ended up in political camps set up at factories, or were sent to build complex engineering structures. When conducting a scientific analysis, the author of the article used data from documents from Kazakhstani archives and collections of documents on the subject. As the main materials of the study, party documents, directives of the NKVD bodies, materials from the archives of the Prosecutor General’s Office, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the KNB of the Republic of Kazakhstan were involved. The author reveals that the very Stalinist policy of deportation of peoples was carried out on the basis of the narrow framework of party instructions of the Bureau of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. All these resolutions and instructions are found everywhere in investigation cases or indictments found by the author in archival funds. The main results of the study are the identification of valuable documentary information on such issues as the definition of the regions of Kazakhstan involved in the resettlement process, indicating the number of resettled, the conditions of detention and adaptation of the deported.

Modernization of the Coal Industry of the Far East during the First Five-Year Plan (1928–1932)

Introduction. The coal industry of the Far East, which was the main fuel base of the region, was in a state of severe crisis by 1928. The enterprises of the industry did not have the necessary working capital, were equipped with obsolete equipment, experienced an acute shortage of qualified personnel. The solution of these problems became possible with the beginning of industrialization in the USSR and the provision of assistance to the region by the center. Materials and Methods. The source basis of the research is unpublished documents identified in the funds of federal and regional archives. In the course of the work, the author used a set of general scientific and special historical methods. Results and Discussion. During the implementation of the first five-year plan, the financing of coal mining in the Far East has sharply increased. At the mines of the region, the active introduction of the latest technology began, which made it possible to begin mechanization of production processes, increase the level of electrification and mechanization. The foundations of the personnel training system were also laid, significant labor resources from the central regions were attracted. However, despite the successes achieved: an increase in labor productivity, an increase in total production, the final results turned out to be more modest than expected. Basically, the changes covered the enterprises of Primorye, on Sakhalin and in the Amur region, reconstruction was carried out much slower. Conclusion. The reasons that caused the divergence of plans and the results obtained in practice were the periphery of the region, which led to its supply on a residual basis and ignoring its interests in favor of more industrialized areas. As well as underestimating the production capabilities of the enterprises themselves, the geological conditions of their operation. In 1928–1932, it was not possible to create a stable supply system for equipment and machinery, low qualifications and high turnover of labor remained.

The Functioning of the Tram Infrastructure in the Cities of the Chelyabinsk Region in 1941–1945

Introduction. During the Great Patriotic War, the main function most characteristic of the tram infrastructure of the Union was most pronounced – the connection between workers and industrial enterprises. The historical experience of overcoming the total shortage of material and human resources in the context of the reorientation of the country’s economy towards defense needs is relevant today to identify the main elements of a sustainable urban life support system. Analysis of the historiography of the tram demonstrates a paradox: on the one hand, the period 1941–1945 affected in most local studies of the tram, on the other hand, researchers paid attention to individual components of the tram infrastructure. The purpose of the study is based on the characteristics of the tram infrastructure in the cities of the Chelyabinsk region in 1941–1945 identify the factors that had the greatest impact on it and show management decisions taken in connection with the problems that arose. Materials and Methods. The study was carried out on the basis of an analysis of unpublished sources found in the funds of federal and regional archives, materials of local periodicals. The methodological framework of the study is the anthropology of infrastructure and model of mobilization development, the main method is case-study. Results. Tram infrastructure in most cities of the RSFSR in 1941–1945 did not meet the growing needs of society. In many cities that had trams, the depots were not fully staffed, tram tracks and electrical facilities needed repairs. Discussion and Conclusion. Analyzing the state of tram tracks, electrical facilities, stops, depots in Chelyabinsk, Zlatoust, Magnitogorsk, the author reveals the reasons for the plight of the tram in these cities, referring to the situation in the RSFSR, the state of infrastructure at the stage of its construction and launch in the first half of the 1930s.

AERODROME CONSTRUCTION IN THE MARI ASSR DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

Relevance. Certain aspects of the history of the regions during the Great Patriotic War do not lose their relevance to this day. One of the little-studied issues is the construction of airfields in the rear regions. The purpose of the study is to study the state of airfield construction in the Mari ASSR and the degree of its completion. Materials and methods. The basis of the study was the analysis of documents from the funds of the State Archives of Mari El. The country’s air force was in dire need of new sites for basing rear units. Special construction was entrusted to the NKVD of the USSR, where the General Directorate of Aerodrome Construction and the relevant local authorities were created. Research results. The first decree of the State Defense Committee of the USSR on the construction of deep operational airfields and runways was adopted on July 15, 1941. Two operational airfields (No. 602 and 636) were built in the Mari ASSR. Workers for special construction were recruited on a labor conscription basis. As a result, on September 22, 1941, the government commission accepted completed objects No. 602 and 636. Also, the State Defense Committee decree of March 8, 1942 provided for the construction of operational airfields on the territory of the deployment of the 75th aviation-based area of 75th the Moscow Military District. On the territory of the Mari ASSR, it was necessary to complete the previously built winter airfields in the villages of Kuzhener, Sernur, Novy Toryal, as well as the construction of an operational airfield from the Tatar ASSR (object No. 1280) postponed in the summer of 1942. One of the important points was the maintenance of airfields in the autumn-winter period. To carry out the work, the districts attached separate collective farms to each airfield. Findings. In the conditions of the initial period of the war, the issues of building operational airfields in a short time gained special significance. A network of airfields was created on the territory of the rear regions, including in the neighboring Chuvash and Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics. In the Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, turfed airfields were formed using inexpensive local materials and in a short time. Airfields performed not only reserve functions, but also training ones.

Creating a repository and a database for overcoming consequences of the Chernobyl accident in Bryansk region in 1986–1993

The article presents the results of a study of documents issued by the executive authorities and the CPSU bodies and stored in the funds of the state archives of Bryansk region. The documents deal with the issues of overcoming consequences of the Chernobyl accident in 1986-1993. The present study aims to analyze measures taken to develop a radiation safety system in Bryansk region. The article describes the structure of the database which includes documents issued by the executive authorities and the CPSU bodies on the impact of the Chernobyl accident in Bryansk region. Using the electronic copies of these documents, the database was created. The documents can be searched for and selected based on the relations with measures intended to overcome consequences of the Chernobyl accident, assessments of the socio-economic situation in Bryansk region and effectiveness of the managerial decisions.

К вопросу о судьбе военнопленных из сталинградского «котла»

Introduction. The successful counter-offensive of the Soviet troops near Stalingrad marked the beginning of the mass capture of enemy soldiers. Only after the liquidation of the Stalingrad cauldron, more than 90 thousand people were taken prisoner. Methods and materials. Historical facts are researched on the basis of the principles of historicism and objectivity. The article uses problem-chronological and comparative-historical methods. The article is based on the archival and published documents of the NKVD Secretariat, the Main Directorate for Prisoners of War Central Office and NKVD Internees and the Joint Archival Fund: Institutions for Prisoners of War and Internees of the Volgograd Region. Analysis. The captured enemy soldiers were exhausted and weakened to the limit, poorly dressed, all with lice, many sick and non-transportable. At the same time, it was impossible to create normal conditions in the destroyed city in a short period to accommodate captured enemy soldiers. A month-long stay in the frontline led to the fact that only 30% of the prisoners of war could be taken to the rear camps. In the special hospitals for prisoners of war created in Stalingrad and the region, the mortality rate until the beginning of June 1943 amounted to 63% of those admitted for treatment. But most of the prisoners sent to the rear could not move the road or died in the first days upon arrival at the camps. Results. About 80 thousand prisoners of war from the Stalingrad cauldron died already in 1943. The main reason for the high mortality among them was a long stay in harsh winter conditions and stress because of being in the cauldron without regular food. The low readiness of the NKVD camps and special hospitals to receive prisoners of war also had an effect.

Комитет великой княгини Елизаветы Фёдоровны в системе общественного призрения периода Первой мировой войны

The participation of the Russian Empire in the First World War necessitated the creation of a system of public care for the victims – soldiers' families, disabled soldiers, orphans. This task was solved by the Supreme Council for the care of families of conscripts. The executive structure of the Supreme Council was the Committee of Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna for providing charitable assistance to the families of conscripts. The article highlights the organizational and financial foundations of the Elizabethan Committee, revealing its spatial structure and main activities. The study was carried out on the basis of materials from the archival fund of the Elizabethan Committee and its periodical. The organizational structure of the Elizabethan Committee included a central body, provincial branches and county commissions. The grassroots level consisted of charitable societies. Hierarchical relations between them were based on the principles of autonomy and subsidiarity. Local branches were headed by governors. The competence of the Elizabethan Committee initially covered the provision of additional assistance to soldiers' families to the state aid, later it included the provision of military invalids and orphans. The priority of labor assistance was declared. The main forms of support were assistance in carrying out agricultural work, establishment of nurseries, opening of orphanages. In the cities, the Elizabethan Committee organized workshops, canteens, and fuel sales. This work was carried out jointly with the local government and charitable organizations. The funds of the Elizabethan Committee were charitable donations and allocations of the Supreme Council. In the second half of 1916, the estimate of the Committee's work exceeded 7.5 million rubles. The conducted research allowed to come to the conclusion that the system of the Elizabethan Committee had a state-public character and can be considered as a precursor of specialized public administration bodies in the social sphere. At the same time, this made it possible to mobilize charitable resources to help the victims of the war.

Comparative legal analysis of certain aspects of state formation in the constitutions of the Ukrainian People’s Republic and the Far Eastern Ukrainian Republic (Green Wedge) and other documents

The events of the last eleven months brought to the fore the problems related to the establishment of Ukrainian statehood. The reason for this was the full-scale invasion of Russia on the territory of sovereign Ukraine on February 24, 2022.This unprecedented violation of international law became an additional incentive for an indepth study of the processes of Ukrainian state formation not only in Ukraine, but also outside its borders, primarily in the territories of the Russian Federation.The authors’ historical and legal analysis of historical and legal documents and archival funds proved that Ukrainians were marked by a desire for self-reliance and independence in any part of the world. This happened despite the fact that ethnic Ukrainians were forcibly evicted from their native land and actually had real prospects of assimilating among the indigenous peoples to whose land they were deported.In this article, the authors carry out a historical and legal study of individual stages of Ukrainian state formation in the Far East in the period 1917-1922. We are talking about the Far Eastern Ukrainian Republic (Green Wedge), a true independent Ukrainian state that existed de facto in the specified time period. It was a state entity that developed and adopted the Basic Law (Constitution of the National and Cultural Autonomy of Ukrainians in the Far East» (at the Second Session of the Ukrainian Far Eastern Regional Council on May 30, 1919).Applying the method of comparativism, the authors performed a comparative analysis of this Constitution and the Constitution of the Ukrainian People’s Republic. The study of the specified historical and legal documents showed close cooperation and national ties between mainland Ukraine and the Far Eastern Ukrainian Republic (Green Wedge). The article provides specific examples of the same understanding and interpretation by the leaders of the Green Wedge and the Ukrainian People’s Republic of the key provisions of state formation, the introduction and use of similar legal mechanisms to assert sovereignty and national identity.

Fair Trade in a Nomadic Society (in Kalmyk Steppe in Second Half of 19th — Early 20th Centuries)

The issues of organization and functioning of fair trade in a nomadic society are studied on the example of the Kalmyk steppe in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries. The source base was documentary materials from the funds of the State Archives of the Astrakhan Region and the National Archives of the Republic of Kalmykia, revealing the record keeping practice of the Kalmyk People’s Administration and ulus departments on the organization of fair events in the steppe. The author, based on the historical and geographical approach, focuses on the vastness of the land and the dominant nomadic type of management in the Kalmyk society. It has been established that fairs not only played an important role in satisfying the commodity needs of nomads, which was important in the absence of goods for manufacturing and industrial production and agriculture, but also were a way for nomads to communicate with each other and with representatives of the foreign administration. Despite the importance of fair trade among the nomadic people, the process of establishing and functioning of fairs was associated not only with natural and climatic conditions, but also with the unwillingness of the authorities of neighboring provinces to create competitors.

PERSONAL FUNDS IN THE STATE ARCHIVES OF THE SMOLENSK REGION AS A HISTORICAL AND INFORMATION RESOURCE ON THE HISTORY OF THE MOROZOV-IVANOV FAMILY

The article is devoted to personal funds in the state archives of the Smolensk region as a source of information for studying and searching for materials on the compilation of pedigrees, on the example of the Morozov-Ivanov family. The author, exploring the funds of personal storage, finds documentary evidence of family legends and legends. Based on the documents found, the author comes to the conclusion that archival funds are an invaluable source in the search for information of personal storage and compilation of pedigrees

ARCHIVAL FUND AS A HISTORICAL SOURCE

The author sees his task in showing the influence of V.N. Avtokratova about the archival fund on modern methods of research of mass sources The author concludes that acceptance by the scientific community of historians of thought V.N. Avtokratov that in the archival fund there are connections that have arisen in the process of documenting would undoubtedly accelerate the development of the huge documentary heritage of the past stored in our archives

THE CULTURE TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE KAMA REGION (1990S): REGIONAL ARCHIVES REVIEW

Cultural dynamics during periods of large-scale socio-political reforms differ in that during this period many traditional bureaucratic rules of documentation and archiving are poorly observed. Institutions are changed and eliminated, new problems arise that require prompt solutions, and informal communications are actively used. As a result, many important processes of the reform period in archival funds are presented fragmentarily, with gaps. The article provides an overview of regional archival funds related to the transformation of the cultural sphere in the Perm region in the late 1980s - early 1990s. An overview of a number of funds of the Perm State Archive of Socio-Political History, the State Archive of the Perm Region, and the Archive of city Perm, reflecting various aspects of sociocultural transformations, is given. It is concluded that the documents of organizations and departments form a representative basis for institutional changes analysis, recording new current topics and plots in the field of cultural policy. The second part of the article shows the information capabilities of “letters to power” deposited in regional archives.

Архивный фонд И-2 «Комиссия калмыцких дел» Национального архива Республики Калмыкия как источник по изучению организации делопроизводства и документооборота в Калмыкии в первой половине XIX в. (на примере рассмотрения проекта об оспопрививании в калмыцких улусах, разработанного инспектором Соломоном в 1832 г.)

Introduction. In pre-revolutionary Kalmykia in the first half of the 19th century the activities of the authorities to manage the Kalmyk people, as well as the procedure for organizing work with documents, were regulated by the “Rules for the management of the Kalmyk people” of March 10, 1825 and the “Regulations on the management of the Kalmyk people” of November 24, 1834. The work is devoted to the study of record keeping and document flow in the Commission of Kalmyk Affairs, which carried out the administrative management of the Kalmyk steppe of the Astrakhan province, to identify common features with the all-Russian order of organizing work with documents and features in Kalmyk paperwork. Materials and methods. The research is based on the study of documents from the archive fund I-2 “Commission of Kalmyk Affairs” of the National Archive of the Republic of Kalmykia. In the process of studying this fund, historical research methods were used, which made it possible to identify, analyze, introduce new archival data into scientific circulation and establish their value as a historical source. Analysis. The study of the composition and content of documents created during the activities of the Commission of Kalmyk Affairs (1825–1836) made it possible to specify the procedure for organizing work with them. Using the example of the adoption of the “Regulations on smallpox vaccination in the Kalmyk uluses” (1839), developed by inspector Solomon, the author examined the procedure for considering and adopting a regulatory document. Results. The study revealed that archival documents created during the period of activity of the Commission of Kalmyk Affairs are unique written sources of the organization of office work and document flow in pre-revolutionary Kalmykia. These studies can become a source for further development of the topic of the state structure of Kalmykia, the relationship with the central authorities, the formation and development of the healthcare system in one of the national outskirts of pre-revolutionary Russia.

РОССИЙСКИЕ ГРАЖДАНСКИЕ ПЛЕННЫЕ В ГЕРМАНИИ (1914-1918): РЕПРЕЗЕНТАТИВНОСТЬ ДОКУМЕНТОВ ЗЕМЕЛЬНОГО АРХИВА САКСОНИИ

The article considers the informative value of the documents in the Saxon Main State Archive (Dresden, Germany) about persecution and restrictions during the First World War against the “enemy aliens”, subjects of the Russian Empire. The main idea in the documents of the archive funds is the rationale for the need of civilian captivity to ensure national security. The archive funds contain information about how the persecution of “enemy aliens” began in Germany, reveal the specifics in the situation with such categories of civilian captives as the interned and confined ones. The documents illustrate the position that the policy of internment is a mirror policy. It depends on the decisions of the government of the Russian Empire in regard to German subjects, who were deported and interned on the territory of Russia. There is an important information is contained on possible ways of humanitarian support for Russian civilian prisoners. The analysis of documents confirms that the least studied segment of the phenomenon of civilian captivity during the First World War is their repatriation