Industrial Architecture Research Articles

Industrial architecture of Primorye. Vladivostok, Ussuriysk

The article presents a systematic picture of the development of industrial architecture of large cities in the south of the Russian Far East in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries. Using the example of Vladivostok and Ussuriysk, the main features of the architecture of factories and other industrial facilities are identified, due to the specifics of the development of the region and its individual cities. The main types of industrial facilities and the principles of their placement in urban areas are considered.

The architecture of "smart factories"

The article considers the need to develop a fundamentally new concept of industrial architecture – "smart factory". The factors that influence the architectural solutions of contemporary enterprises are listed. The principles of forming the architecture of "smart factories" are formulated and unveiled. Examples of production facilities that meet these principles are given. The conclusion about the positive impact of these principles on the architecture of high-tech industrial facilities is made.

Ecosystems and competition law in theory and practice

One of the most profound changes in the industrial landscape in the last decade has been the growth of business ecosystems- groups of connected firms, drawing on (digital) platforms which leverage their complementors and lock-in their customers, exploiting the “bottlenecks” that emerge in new industry architectures. This have created new asymmetries of power, where the “field” of competition is not the relevant product market, as is usually the case in competition law, but rather the ecosystem of various complementary products and associated complementor firms. These dynamics raise novel concerns over competition. After examining the foundational elements of the ecosystem concept, we review how ecosystems are addressed within the current scope of competition law, and identify the gap in the existing framework of conventional competition law. We then move to a critical review of current efforts and proposals in the EU for providing regulatory remedies for ex ante and ex post resolution of problems, focusing on the current (2020) proposals of the Digital Market Act on ex ante regulation, with its particular focus on “gatekeepers.” We also review recent regulatory initiatives in European countries that focus on ex post regulation, and on the role of business models and ecosystem architectures in regulation, before providing a deep dive into proposed Greek legislation that explicitly focuses on ecosystem regulation. We conclude with our observations on the challenges in instituting and implementing a regulatory framework for ecosystems, drawing on research and our own engagement in the regulatory process.

Od akademizma do autorske arhitekture - stvaralaštvo Franje Urbana u Beogradu (1924-1937)

The architect Franja Urban belongs to the group of foreign architects who arrived in Belgrade in the wake of the First World War, leaving as a legacy a lasting contribution to its urban development and architectural design. Franja Urban arrived from Czechoslovakia as a result of links to the Ashkenazi Jewish community, and, from 1926 until his untimely death in 1937, he worked as a private architect specializing in the field of residential and industrial architecture. Although Urban left behind a rich architectural opus, so far no monographic article has been published that would shed light on and further valorize his work in Belgrade and beyond. This article stems from many years of research into Urban's life and work, and represents the first attempt to frame his work within the context of modern Serbian architecture.

СИНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ИСТОРИКО-КУЛЬТУРНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОЙ АРХИТЕКТУРЫ

Introduction: By determining the importance of industrial architecture as an object of cultural value, it is possible to identify the new principles for preserving the identity of a historical location. Purpose of the study: We aim to research different periods in the formation of the architectural and spatial layout of industrial buildings and structures; to determine which principles are applied when the buildings and structures are adapted for reuse. Methods: In this article, we use a synergistic approach to studying the specifics of the historical and cultural development of industrial architecture. Results and discussion: After analyzing the target of our study as a self-organizing system, as well as taking a look at its relationship with various structures, depending on the nonlinearity of the ongoing processes, we came to the conclusion that the emergence of different stylistic trends in industrial architecture can be viewed through the lens of significant historical periods, or bifurcations, which were the result of human activity in the past and would influence the functional development of the resulting space in the future. This approach reflects sociocultural needs and unlocks the potential for reusing historically significant industrial sites in various ways.

Towards a Data-Centric Architecture in the Automotive Industry

Abstract Vehicle software architectures have been evolving over the last twenty years to support data-driven functionalities. Several enterprises from different domains are currently focusing on improving their data architectures by re-defining the underlying data models to enable core support for analytics and artificial intelligence. Moreover, a common desire to add clear data provenance and explicit context impulses the field of semantics and knowledge graphs. Nevertheless, in the automotive industry, the scenario of connected vehicles implies extra complexity. Vehicle data has an enormous variety, making it essential to develop and adopt standards. This paper presents aspects of ongoing research at the BMW Research Department regarding a conceptual design for vehicle software architectures in the automotive industry. We discuss the principles of a modern data architecture with particular emphasis on the data-centric mindset. We also explore the current challenges and possible working points as the foundation to move from siloed data towards a so-called AI factory.

A Study on the Implementation of Digital Twin Architecture and Detailed Technology for Agriculture and Livestock Industry

A Study on the Implementation of Digital Twin Architecture and Detailed Technology for Agriculture and Livestock Industry

A novel dispatching rule for semi-heterarchical architectures in the Industry 4.0 context

Abstract Industry 4.0 is changing the way to produce, pursuing increased flexibility of production systems and an ever-greater decision-making autonomy of the machines. The aim is to achieve high level of performances even in market scenarios requiring high level of customization, as the Mass Customisation (MC) paradigm imposes. Current hierarchical Manufacturing Planning and Control (MPC) systems showed limits in catching this goal, primarily due to their structural lack of flexibility. For this reason, the interest in the hybrid MPC architectures like the semi-heterarchical one is increasing. The objective of this work is to contribute to the design of such an architecture, proposing a new scheduling mechanism for the lowest decisional level. This mechanism, differently from the ones already proposed in the literature, schedules the next jobs to be admitted in the system choosing them by couples. The proposed rule has been tested through a simulation environment in three different scenarios of demand generation rate. The results showed an improvement in demand absorption and productivity compared to the rules used up to now.

Research on the convergence architecture of 5G and industrial communication

As the next generation of mobile communication technology, 5G has the characteristics of enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC), which are critical technologies for the future development of industrie 4.0. So far, these technologies have been explored and applied in industry, however, there is still a lack of general architectures. This paper presents a 5G and industrial communication convergence architecture and elaborates on the implementation methods from the aspects of device access technology and network configuration strategies, and discusses the transparent transmission and mapping methods adopted by 5G terminal access technology as well.

Parallel Route Optimization and Service Assurance in Energy-Efficient Software-Defined Industrial IoT Networks

In recent years, the Industrial world has been embracing new digital technology, including the internet of things (IoT) paradigm that promises revolutionizing-prospects in numerous industrial applications. However, many deployment challenges related to real-time big data analytics, service assurance, resource optimization, energy consumption, and security awareness are raised. In this work, we focus on service assurance and resource optimization, including energy consumption challenges over Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)-based environments since the existing network routing algorithms cannot meet the strict heterogeneous quality of service (QoS) requirements of industrial communications while optimizing resources. We take advantage of the flexibility and programmability offered by the promising software-defined networking paradigm, and we propose a centralized route optimization and service assurance scheme, named ROSA, over a multi-layer programmable industrial architecture. The proposed solution supports a wide range of heterogeneous flows, such as ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) and bandwidth-sensitive services. The routing optimization problems are formulated as multi-constrained shortest path problems. The Lagrangian Relaxation approach is used to solve the . Hence, we deploy a pair of parallel routing algorithms run according to the flow type to ensure QoS requirements, efficiently allocate constrained resources, and enhance the overall network energy consumption. We conduct extensive simulations to validate the proposed ROSA scheme. The experimental results show promising performance in terms of reducing bandwidth utilization by up to 22%, end-to-end delay at least by 21%, packet loss by more than 19%, flow violation by about 16%, and energy consumption up to 14% as compared to well-known benchmarks in QoS provisioning and energy-aware routing problem.

Preservation of the structure of the building in the process of renovation of industrial architecture

The renovation of industrial buildings has become relevant recently with increasing interest in former industrial areas that need to rethink their importance in the city without losing their identity. Based on the previous scientific works of the authors, we reveal one of the principles of preserving identity in the renovation of industrial buildings – the principle of preserving the structural identity of the building. In this scientific study, we analyze the existing experience of preserving structures during renovation and consider this principle in practice, namely, the renovation of the mill building erected in 1912 in the urban-type settlement of Apastovo, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of applying the results of the study in modern architectural practice, in particular in the reconstruction of industrial buildings in historical cities of Russia. This work can become the basis for further research, identifying valuable areas for the development of industrial formations.

Архитектор и инженер Николай Александрович Потураев. Заметки о творчестве

Currently, one of the most important tasks of research activity is the task of collecting information, identifying and publishing the names of architects, sculptors and artists who are still unknown, the circumstances of their life and work, which will allow more objective presenting of Russian art of the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. In particular, this concerns a study of the field of construction of industrial facilities, where the names of most project authors still remain unknown. This paper is to study the work of one of such architects and engineers — Nikolai Alexandrovich Poturaev. To this end the authors explore some of the construction activities of the Brothers A. and N. Poturaev Trading House in Moscow, as well as identify a number of addresses related to the placement of workshop, technical office and other services of this Trading House. Addressing to archival documents made it possible to establish that the Trading House of brothers A. and N. Poturaev actively collaborated with the M. S. Kuznetsov Partnership and carried out construction work at the Riga Porcelain-Faience Factory, Dulevsky Porcelain Factory, Tver Porcelain Factory in the village of Kuznetsovo. The factory buildings under construction included carefully elaborate heating system as well as the first ventilation and air humidification system installed. The most modern technical solutions and materials were used for construction. It should be noted that the merits of buildings of purely utilitarian purpose are due in no small part to elements of decor, generally characteristic of Russian industrial architecture of the late 19th – early 20th centuries. The authors analyze Poturaev's architectural projects, considering stylistic features of neoclassical buildings with the introduction of Art Nouveau elements, as well as other historical styles. Poturaev's architecture is distinguished by rationality, the desire to develop interesting layouts, convenient and practical. In the composition of the building, he always highlights its structural basis, as a rule, emphasized by decorative elements. The surviving buildings of N. A. Poturaev provide additional connotations to the characteristic of development of a domestic architecture of the late 19th – early 20th centuries.

ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННАЯ СОСТАВЛЯЮЩАЯ В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОЙ АРХИТЕКТУРЕ

The article is devoted to the consideration of the features of the formation of the appearance of objects, taking into account the technological process, the identification of fixed assets and methods of creating the spatial-spatial composition of buildings within the existing city development. These are: the Nestle plant in Mexico, the Fagus factory, the construction of the Leeds incinerator, etc. Industrial architecture is an integral part of society. The presence and functioning of industrial enterprises characterizes the economic and political independence of the state. Industrial areas are usually large in area. and environmental friendliness. It is extremely important for modern industrial design to take into account the energy efficiency of a building, as industrial buildings are directly related to the consumption of natural resources, most of which are exhausted. in the design and reconstruction of industrial facilities nowadays, in addition to taking into account the technological process, it is extremely important to pay attention to the exterior and interior decoration of buildings. This not only affects the aesthetic component of human perception, but also promotes the productivity of workers. Many industrial structures are included in the social and cultural life of the city, combining several additional functions, in addition to the main (industrial). The development of industrial architecture is closely linked to the development of facing materials, which are often used aluminum. But in the construction of industrial buildings can be used and other materials that allow you to create many color schemes. All factors determine the need to create an aesthetic environment that meets the needs of society.

Data architecture and model design for Industry 4.0 components integration in cyber-physical production systems

In the context of Industry 4.0, Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS) and digital twins are key technologies for the management of huge amount of data generated by Industrial Internet of things (IIoT) devices. However, the interoperability and flexibility of different components is still an important challenge so as to integrate them in the process and fit all industrial specific needs. Thus, the main contribution of this paper is to propose a database architecture and a data model associated allowing multiple agents to work collaboratively and synchronously to perform high-level tasks. Therefore, it fulfils requirements and needs of Industry 4.0: interoperability, scalability, flexibility and resilience. The proposed architecture and model are implemented on a cyber-physical production system (CPPS) which is used in order to show and discuss several use cases examples.

Energy Management Agent Frameworks: Scalable, Flexible, and Efficient Architectures for 5G Vertical Industries

This article contributes to state-of-the-art energy management agent (EMA) standards, an emerging re ference model, and its framework architectures. EMA can collect energy demand and autonomously manage energy consumption/generation in energy systems. The EMA reference model provides guidance on whether EMA is the right technology for the energy management framework (EMF) of heterogeneous energy systems. The EMA framework architecture details how EMAs can be harmonized to enable cooperative energy management using the technology of the service-oriented holonic multiagent approach. The EMA framework provides a scalable, flexible, and efficient-energy management architecture in the 5G vertical industry to enable Industry 4.0.

A Study on Industrial IoT for the Mining Industry: Synthesized Architecture and Open Research Directions

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has the potential to improve the production and business processes by enabling the extraction of valuable information from industrial processes. The mining industry, however, is rather traditional and somewhat slow to change due to infrastructural limitations in communication, data management, storage, and exchange of information. Most research efforts so far on applying IIoT in the mining industry focus on specific concerns such as ventilation monitoring, accident analysis, fleet and personnel management, tailing dam monitoring, and pre-alarm system while an overall IIoT architecture suitable for the general conditions in the mining industry is still missing. This article analyzes the current state of Information Technology in the mining sector and identifies a major challenge of vertical fragmentation due to the technological variety of various systems and devices offered by different vendors, preventing interoperability, data distribution, and the exchange of information securely between devices and systems. Based on guidelines and practices from the major IIoT standards, a high-level IIoT architecture suitable for the mining industry is then synthesized and presented, addressing the identified challenges and enabling smart mines by automation, interoperable systems, data distribution, and real-time visibility of the mining status. Remote controlling, data processing, and interoperability techniques of the architecture evolve all stages of mining from prospecting to reclamation. The adoption of such IIoT architecture in the mining industry offers safer mine site for workers, predictable mining operations, interoperable environment for both traditional and modern systems and devices, automation to reduce human intervention, and enables underground surveillance by converging operational technology (OT) and information technology (IT). Significant open research challenges and directions are also studied and identified in this paper, such as mobility management, scalability, virtualization at the IIoT edge, and digital twins.

A linear model for optimal cybersecurity investment in Industry 4.0 supply chains

ABSTRACT This paper presents a mixed integer linear programming formulation for optimisation of cybersecurity investment in Industry 4.0 supply chains. Using a recursive linearisation procedure, a complex nonlinear stochastic combinatorial optimisation model with a classical exponential function of breach probability is transformed into its linear equivalent. The obtained linear optimisation model is capable of selecting optimal portfolio of security safeguards to minimise cybersecurity investment and expected cost of losses from security breaches in a supply chain. The new efficiency measures of cybersecurity investment are introduced: cybersecurity value and cybersecurity ratio. In addition, the proposed linear model has been enhanced for the Hurwicz-type, best–worst criterion to minimise a convex combination of the minimal and the maximal supply chain node vulnerability, under limited budget. The resulting compromise cybersecurity investment aims at balancing vulnerability over the entire supply chain, independent of cyberattack probabilities and potential losses by security breaches, thereby hardening the weaker critical nodes. The findings indicate a crucial role of intrinsic vulnerability, determined by the architecture of Industry 4.0 supply chain, and highlight ‘design for cybersecurity’ as an important emerging area of research.

‘Vacant Geelong’ and its lingering industrial architecture

Once a prosperous manufacturing town, Geelong in Victoria, Australia is undergoing a process of deindustrialisation and, in turn, redefining its identity to better retain viability in a globalised world. For instance, the town bid to host a Guggenheim museum on its Eastern Beach shore at the turn of the millennium, and has recently become a UNESCO City of Design (2017). Like so many declining regional industrial towns, Geelong has been undercut by the new economic forces, and has sought a new identity in cultural economies. The ‘Vacant Geelong’ project, which began at Deakin University in 2015 and is ongoing, evolved as a response to vacant industrial architecture in Geelong. Major industries including Ford (vehicles), Alcoa (aluminium), timber sawmills, wool mills, Pilkington Glass, cement works, and the oil refinery once defined the town and its history as an industrial architectural landscape.1 Major industries transformed the architectural and cultural terrain. Despite these cycles of transformation and erasure, and counter to a progressive and chronological approach to change, the ‘Vacant Geelong’ project explored this vacancy of industrial operation, yet presence of industrial architecture. Through inscriptions – artworks, design projects, creative research, installations, texts – it addressed those material realities that did not leave, the industrial structures – silos, ducts, chimneys, warehouses – that give Geelong its continuing industrial architectural character.

Sustainability from Theory to Practice: An Architectural Analysis of Some Principles of Sustainability in Buildings

According to the Brundtland Report, a sustainable approach should be resource efficient (“development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”). How is this definition applied to architecture? And when did it occur? Strange as it may seem, the preoccupations for a sustainable environment did not appear in the past decades. It is as old as the building process itself: vernacular architecture can be interpreted as a process of building, taking into account the impact of the rules of nature on the environment; religious, monumental, civil or industrial architecture might have components that provide sustainability, if they meet some specific conditions. The paper aims to present some considerations of the architectural evolution of the concept of “sustainability”.

Industrial architecture of the Russian Far East in the context of the activities of the first architects and engineers

This article deals with professional activities of the Far Eastern architects and engineers of the second half of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century, who worked in the region on the construction of industrial facilities for various purposes. Brief information about a number of specialists of various profiles working in the region is presented. The article considers the importance of the professional activities of local architects and engineers in the development of the mining industry, electrification and architecture of factory enterprises in the Far East of Russia. Here some features of the industrial architecture of the Far East, which depended on the specifics of the development of the region and its individual cities, are revealed.