Architectural Principles Research Articles

Elevating Cloud Security via Serverless Computing: An in Depth Exploration

The research aims to elucidate the transformative potential of serverless architecture in enhancing cloud security, addressing common threats, and mitigating vulnerabilities. Through a systematic review of existing literature, empirical experiments, and case studies, the study delves into the underlying principles of serverless architecture, explores its advantages, challenges, and practical applications, and evaluates its performance and scalability compared to traditional computing models. The findings underscore the scalability, cost-effectiveness, and simplicity of serverless computing, while also highlighting challenges such as cold start latency and vendor lock-in. Moreover, the research identifies key recommendations and best practices for designing, deploying, and managing serverless applications, offering valuable insights for industry practitioners, researchers, and policymakers. Overall, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of serverless computing and its role in shaping the future of cloud-native application development

Enhancing ransomware detection using Siamese network

Organizations in the current digital era are exposed to a variety of cybersecurity threats that can often result in financial losses and harm to their reputation. Among these threats, ransomware attacks can cause significant damage. Attackers are constantly improving their techniques to bypass security channels, which makes it challenging to monitor and detect the patterns of attacks. Consequently, there is a growing inclination towards employing state-of-the-art techniques to identify and defend during ransomware attacks. Deep learning is a proven technique that can be employed to learn from large complex patterns. However, large datasets are required in the training of deep learning models which is a challenging task. Few-shot learning (FSL) overcomes this limitation by using less data. In this research work, a Siamese network design is developed by incorporating the architectural principles of AlexNet and features of the VGG configuration. The employed methodology enables us to evaluate the inherent resemblances and disparities in the data. This novel methodology demonstrated exceptional performance, with an average accuracy of 97% when compared to various effects and learning rates. The results of the presented study demonstrate the capacity to greatly enhance cybersecurity by providing a scalable and effective approach for detecting ransomware.

Structure of the interleukin-5 receptor complex exemplifies the organizing principle of common beta cytokine signaling

Cytokines regulate immune responses by binding to cell surface receptors, including the common subunit beta (βc), which mediates signaling for GM-CSF, IL-3, and IL-5. Despite known roles in inflammation, the structural basis of IL-5 receptor activation remains unclear. We present the cryo-EM structure of the human IL-5 ternary receptor complex, revealing architectural principles for IL-5, GM-CSF, and IL-3. In mammalian cell culture, single-molecule imaging confirms hexameric IL-5 complex formation on cell surfaces. Engineered chimeric receptors show that IL-5 signaling, as well as IL-3 and GM-CSF, can occur through receptor heterodimerization, obviating the need for higher-order assemblies of βc dimers. These findings provide insights into IL-5 and βc receptor family signaling mechanisms, aiding in the development of therapies for diseases involving deranged βc signaling.

Feminist Architecture and Challenging Gender-biased Urbanization through Architectural Practice: an Overview of Equitable Environment

This paper explores the concept of feminist architecture and its potential to challenge gender norms and stereotypes in urban design. Women face specific challenges in urban spaces, including safety concerns, lack of accessibility, and discrimination. Feminist architecture offers a potential solution to these challenges by providing a framework that prioritizes the needs and experiences of marginalized groups, including women. The study employs a mixed-methods approach to conduct a review of relevant literature, case studies, and examples of feminist architecture from around the world to address research questions related to barriers and benefits of implementing feminist architecture in mainstream design practices. After identifying obstacles, this paper offers concrete strategies to overcome these barriers and the findings suggest that by prioritizing inclusivity, accessibility, sustainability, and democracy, feminist architecture principles offer a framework for designing urban environments that are just, equitable, and empowering for all individuals. However, despite the potential gains of incorporating feminist architecture into the design process, there are several barriers and limitations that designers may face. Therefore, to overcome these barriers and limitations, implementing feminist architecture principles require a commitment to understanding how gender operates in society, financial support, policy advocacy, and collaborative approaches among designers. By creating inclusive, gender-neutral, and supportive spaces and promoting diversity and inclusion within learning and practice, feminist architecture has the capacity to transform the built environment and make it more inclusive, equitable, and just for everyone.

Adaptive Architecture and Infection Prevention in Hospitals

In healthcare facility design, especially in hospitals, infection control is paramount due to the vulnerability of patients to nosocomial or healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Despite advancements in medical practices and infection control measures, HAIs remain a significant challenge to patient safety and public health, particularly within hospital settings. Integrating adaptive architecture principles into hospital design and infrastructure presents a promising approach to addressing this issue. This paper examines the intersection of adaptive architecture and infection prevention in hospitals, with a focus on designing and constructing healthcare facilities to effectively curb the spread of infections. By incorporating adaptive architecture, hospitals can create environments that are responsive to the dynamic needs of patients, staff, and infection control protocols. Design elements such as flexible room layouts, easily adaptable ventilation systems, and antimicrobial surfaces can help minimize the risk of HAIs by reducing pathogen transmission and promoting cleanliness. Additionally, strategic placement of hand hygiene stations, isolation rooms, and patient flow pathways can optimize infection control practices and enhance patient safety. Strategically locating hand hygiene stations, isolation rooms, and patient flow pathways optimizes infection control practices and improves patient safety. By combining innovative design strategies and advanced technology, hospitals can better combat HAIs, fostering safer environments for patients and healthcare staff. This paper investigates how the collaboration of adaptive architecture and infection prevention can yield more robust and efficient healthcare facilities in the fight against HAIs. Keywords - HAIs, Adaptive Architecture, Infection, adaptable ventilation, flexible layouts, antimicrobial surfaces.

Sacred Brutalism: the Church of Annunciation in Nazareth and the Central Synagogue in Nazareth Illit

In attending to the history of both the Church of the Annunciation in Nazareth and the Central Synagogue in Nazareth Illit in the context of the region’s history, the following discussion explores the architectural principles that gave rise to these two buildings while contextualising them as an outcome of the cultural and political tensions between the Jewish and Arab populations.

Rethinking fashion review with architectural fashion analysis method

Exploring the interplay between fashion and architecture, this article introduces architectural fashion analysis method, an original methodology for analysing fashion shows through an architectural lens. Focusing on the works of Prada and OMA/AMO, the study delves into the narrative power of space in fashion presentations, informed by theories from Roland Barthes and Adrian Forty, as well as the theoretical model of fashion spaces by McQuillan and Hansen. This approach highlights the underexplored but crucial role of architectural thinking in fashion critique. The article posits that employing architectural principles not only enriches the understanding of fashion but also paves the way for an insightful exploration of fashion’s digital dimension.

Designing a helpdesk ticketing system to improve the efficiency of IT support services on an XYZ company-based web-site using the Laravel framework

PT XYZ company requires a Helpdesk Ticketing system that can enhance the efficiency of their IT support services. Hence, this study aims to design and implement a web-based Helpdesk Ticketing System using the Laravel framework. The system is designed to assist the IT department in efficiently responding to and addressing employee issues. The research methodology includes user requirement analysis, system design, and application development using the Laravel framework. During the requirement analysis phase, the author identifies user needs and determines the essential features that should be present in the system. Subsequently, the system is designed, considering efficient architecture and design principles. In the development stage, the author utilizes the Laravel framework to build the Helpdesk Ticketing System. The selection of this framework is based on its capability to expedite the development process and provide the required features for the system. Additionally, the author conducts testing using the Black Box Testing method to ensure the system's functionality. The outcome of this research is a web-based Helpdesk Ticketing System that efficiently assists the IT department in handling employee issues. The system allows employees to report problems through the website, and the IT team can easily respond to and manage incoming tickets. With the implementation of this system, it is expected that the efficiency of IT support services will increase at PT XYZ.

Formation of new post-war housing in Ukraine: analysis of foreign practical experience

The article provides an in-depth exploration of international practices in residential development, focusing on the Netherlands, Denmark, and the United Kingdom as case studies. It meticulously investigates the post-World War II evolution of residential architecture in these countries, highlighting pivotal aspects such as housing standardization, building typologies, material utilization in facade design, community engagement, and the influence of socio-political factors on shaping living spaces. Special attention is dedicated to the analysis of architectural-compositional and spatial-volumetric principles that define foreign residential structures. The paper thoroughly dissects these principles and trends, considering their alignment with each country's unique architectural traditions. Moreover, it systematically categorizes contemporary trends in Western European residential development, emphasizing the significance of compositional considerations and national idiosyncrasies in shaping post-war housing in Ukraine. The article underscores the critical importance of understanding contextual architecture and prioritizing human-centric design principles. It advocates for the integration of these guiding principles in shaping post-war residential architecture in Ukraine, promoting a balanced and people-centric approach to urban development. The author contends that these principles should serve as a guiding framework for the direction of new residential architecture post-war, fostering a cohesive and community-oriented urban environment that effectively addresses the needs and preferences of its inhabitants. The comprehensive analysis presented in the article aims to inform and inspire thoughtful approaches to residential development, encouraging a harmonious blend of international best practices with the rich architectural heritage of Ukraine.

Principles of salutogenic architecture design

Growing chronic diseases among city dwellers, rapidly spreading epidemics due to increased mobility lifestyles, and the consequences of forced isolation in response to the recent global pandemic command the attention of researchers in various fields of knowledge to the modeling of a salutogenic habitat in modern cities. The aim of this study is to identify the principles of architecture that contributes to human health and general well-being. In particular, the study seeks to develop a theoretical model of salutogenic architecture; review domestic and international theoretical studies and design developments devoted to various aspects of salutogenic architecture and of salutogenesis; and analyze techniques of form generation, functional planning and environmental organization of architecture, especially residential complexes and urban clusters that meet the criteria of salutogenesis. The following principles have been identified: balance, symbiosis and hybridization, variation and integration, transformation, stimulation and discharge, meaningfulness and manifestation, controllability and autonomy. The identified principles and techniques allow the design process and search for architectural form for residential urban clusters to be appropriately adjusted to achieve a salutogenic built environment.

Designing a wearable IoT-based bladder level monitoring system for neurogenic bladder patients

ABSTRACT Over the last years, the use of Internet of Things (IoT) systems in healthcare has increased due to technological advancements and increased availability of data. Sensor-based monitoring of physiological parameters, in particular, promises rich opportunities to promote overall health and self-management of patients suffering from chronic diseases. As such, neurogenic bladder patients lack sensation and control over their bladder while they could regain sovereignty over their bladder management through monitoring their physiological parameters. In this paper, we aim to develop a wearable IoT-based bladder level monitoring system for managing neurogenic bladder dysfunctions. We develop a set of design principles taking a stance from behaviour theory and implement the design principles in a software architecture following a design science research approach. Further, we evaluate and revise the developed artefact and implement a prototype of the software architecture. Our research contributes to IS research through prescriptive knowledge for IoT-based bladder level monitoring systems that can be transferred and generalised to similar areas of application. Further, we contribute to behaviour theory as we theorise a new type of trigger that we call a hybrid trigger.

DiffGR: Detecting Differentially Interacting Genomic Regions from Hi-C Contact Maps

Abstract Recent advances in high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) techniques have allowed us to map genome-wide chromatin interactions and uncover higher-order chromatin structures, thereby shedding light on the principles of genome architecture and functions. However, statistical methods for detecting changes in large-scale chromatin organization such as topologically associating domains (TADs) are still lacking. We proposed a new statistical method, DiffGR, for detecting differentially interacting genomic regions at the TAD level between Hi-C contact maps. We utilized the stratum-adjusted correlation coefficient to measure similarity of local TAD regions. We then developed a nonparametric approach to identify statistically significant changes of genomic interacting regions. Through simulation studies, we demonstrated that DiffGR can robustly and effectively discover differential genomic regions under various conditions. Furthermore, we successfully revealed cell type-specific changes in genomic interacting regions in both human and mouse Hi-C datasets, and illustrated that DiffGR yielded consistent and advantageous results compared with state-of-the-art differential TAD detection methods. The DiffGR R package is published under the GNU General Public License (GPL) ≥ 2 license and is publicly available at https://github.com/wmalab/DiffGR.

Design Decision Support for Healthcare Architecture: A VR-Integrated Approach for Measuring User Perception

Changing the physical environment of healthcare facilities can positively impact patient outcomes. Virtual reality (VR) offers the potential to understand how healthcare environment design impacts users’ perception, particularly among those with brain injuries like stroke, an area with limited research. In this study, our objective was to forge a new pathway in healthcare environment research by developing a comprehensive, six-module ‘user-centered’ design decision support approach, utilizing VR technology. This innovative method integrated patient engagement, architectural design principles, BIM prototyping, and a sophisticated VR user interface to produce realistic and immersive healthcare scenarios. Forty-four stroke survivors participated, experiencing 32 VR scenarios of in-patient bedrooms, followed by interactive in-VR questions and semi-structured interviews. The results of the approach proved to be comparatively efficient and feasible, provided a high level of immersion and presence for the participants, and effectively elicited extremely rich quantifiable response data, which revealed distinct environmental preferences. Our novel approach to understanding end-user responses to stroke rehabilitation architecture demonstrates potential to inform user-centered evidence-based design decisions in healthcare, to improve user experiences and health outcomes in other healthcare populations and environments.

A Process for Monitoring the Impact of Architecture Principles on Sustainability: An Industrial Case Study

Architecture principles affect a software system holistically. Given their alignment with a business strategy, they should be incorporated within the validation process covering aspects of sustainability. However, current research discusses the influence of architecture principles on sustainability in a limited context. Our objective was to introduce a reusable process for monitoring and evaluating the impact of architecture principles on sustainability from a software architecture perspective. We sought to demonstrate the application of such a process in professional practice. A qualitative case study was conducted in the context of a Dutch airport management company. Data collection involved a case analysis and the execution of two rounds of expert interviews. We (i) identified a set of case-related key performance indicators, (ii) utilized commonly accepted measurement tools, and (iii) employed graphical representations in the form of spider charts to monitor the sustainability impacts. The real-world observations were evaluated through a concluding focus group. Our findings indicated that architecture principles were a feasible mechanism with which to address sustainability across all different architecture layers within the enterprise. The experts considered the sustainability analysis valuable in guiding the software architecture process towards sustainability. With the emphasis on principles, we facilitate industry adoption by embedding sustainability in existing mechanisms.

SHOWROOM MOBIL HONDA DENGAN PENERAPAN ARSITEKTUR KONTEMPORER DI KOTA KUALA KAPUAS

The Honda car showroom with the application of contemporary architecture in Kuala Kapuas is a showroom building design that focuses on visual and functional aspects that aim to show the image of Honda products to consumers and meet the needs of car transportation sales facilities in Kuala Kapuas City, especially the Honda brand. This design was motivated by the lack of car transportation sales facilities in Kuala Kapuas and the tips of PT. Honda Trio Raya to continue to provide the best effort in reaching consumers, especially in the Kuala Kapuas area of Central Kalimantan. Contemporary architectural style itself is considered as an architectural style that reflects a quality and novelty, so the concept used to solve this design problem is to apply contemporary architectural principles into the design of the showroom according to the functions and needs of the Honda car showroom itself.

Artificial Intelligence Islamic Architecture (AIIA): What Is Islamic Architecture in the Age of Artificial Intelligence?

Revisiting the long-debated question: “What is Islamic architecture?”, this research article aims to explore the identity of “Islamic architecture (IA)” in the context of artificial intelligence (AI) as well as the novel opportunities and cultural challenges associated with applying AI techniques, such as the machine learning of Midjourney in the context of IA. It investigates the impact factors of AI technologies on the understanding and interpretation of traditional Islamic architectural principles, especially architectural design processes. This article employs a quantitative research methodology, including the observation of works of artists and architectural designers appearing in the mass media in light of a literature review and critical analysis of scholarly debates on Islamic architecture, spanning from historical perspectives to contemporary discussions. The article argues for the emergence of a continuous paradigm shift from what is commonly known as “postmodern Islamic architecture” (PMIA) into “artificial intelligence Islamic architecture” (AIIA), as coined by the authors of this article. It identifies the following impact factors of AI on IA: (1) particular requirements and sensitivities, inaccuracies, and biases, (2) human touch, unique craftsmanship, and a deep understanding of cultural issues, (3) regional variation, (4) translation, (5) biases in sources, (6) previously used terms and expressions, and (7) intangible values. The significance of this research in digital heritage lies in the fact that there are no pre-existing theoretical publications on the topic of “Islamic architecture in the age of artificial intelligence”, although an extensive set of publications interpreting the question of the definition of Islamic architecture, in general, is found. This article is pivotal in analyzing this heritage-inspired design approach in light of former criticism of the definition of “Islamic architecture”, which could benefit both theorists and practitioners. This theoretical article is the first in a series of two sequential articles in the Buildings journal; the second (practical) article is an analytical evaluation of the Midjourney architectural virtual lab, defining major current limits in AI-generated representations of Islamic architectural heritage.

New Moorish architectural identity in Tlemcen, Algeria

Abstract In Algeria, the city of Tlemcen is home to 60% of the country’s Arab-Islamic architectural heritage, also known as Moorish. During the French colonization, the rich Moorish historical and architectural heritage was largely diminished. The architecture of Tlemcen’s historic old town was gradually replaced by classical architecture in the early days of colonization, and then by modern architecture from 1940 onwards. After the independence in 1962, the city has carried out huge programs of facilities and new housing, based on modern architectural principles. In 2011, Tlemcen was designated a “Capital of Islamic Culture” and, in preparation for this international cultural event, new cultural facilities and hotels have been built, inspired by Moorish heritage. Given the heterogeneity of references and in particular the identity crisis ensuing in architecture in Tlemcen, this event was the key moment for validating a stylistic choice, which directly recounts the history of the city. The question is: what authenticity is expressed by the current use of the Moorish referent? Is it technical and material authenticity, or merely symbolic and cultural genuineness? This study delves into the question of identity in architecture. It analyses the new Moorish-style buildings in Tlemcen and highlights their contribution to the quest for a local identity and the ambition to produce local architecture. The article supports the hypothesis that architecture is an effective means of expressing identity and that it has always had, and continues to have, a close relationship with memory. The methodology is based on a combination of several investigative tools: surveys, photographs and archive consultation. These tools helped develop a building analysis grid, which serves as a repertory for describing the buildings, according to two levels of reading of the architectural work. We have chosen three Moorish and four contemporary buildings to which the different criteria of the analysis grid are applied. The results of the analysis of the new buildings show that, in a way, they enabled to establish continuity and dialogue with the Moorish heritage.

Cultural Character Analysis on Architectural Elements of the Chinese Temples’ Buildings before the 19th Century in Central Java

The research provided an in-depth exploration of the architectural nuances of pre-19th century Chinese temples in Central Java, Indonesia, emphasizing their cultural significance and relevance. A detailed examination of a range of temples identified unique architectural features that reflected a sophisticated synthesis of Chinese cultural elements and local Javanese traditions. Applying a qualitative method, the research integrated historical scrutiny with architectural analysis, meticulously examining stylistic attributes, construction methodologies, and decorative patterns typical of these temples. The key discoveries highlight an intricate amalgamation of traditional Chinese architectural principles with native materials and craftsmanship, culminating in a distinctive, hybrid architectural form. This fusion not only symbolizes the cultural convergence and assimilation between Chinese immigrants and the indigenous Javanese during the pre-colonial era but also underscores the role of these temples as pivotal preservers of Chinese cultural heritage in Java. Furthermore, the research contributes to a deeper understanding of the diversity within architectural practices and offers insightful perspectives on the historical and socio-cultural dynamics in Central Java. The novelty of the research is anchored in its focused examination of a historically and geographically specific context, its interdisciplinary and thorough approach, the revelation of a unique hybrid architectural style, and its significant insights into the cultural and sociological dimensions of Central Java’s architectural legacy.

Deep iterative fuzzy pooling in unmanned robotics and autonomous systems for Cyber-Physical systems

Unmanned robotics and autonomous systems (URAS) are integral components of contemporary Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), allowing vast applications across many domains. However, due to uncertainties and ambiguous data in real-world environments, ensuring robust and efficient decision-making in URAS is difficult. By capturing and reasoning with linguistic data, fuzzy logic has emerged as a potent tool for addressing such uncertainties. Deep Iterative Fuzzy Pooling (DIFP) is a novel method proposed in this paper for improving decision-making in URAS within CPS. The DIFP integrates the capabilities of deep learning and fuzzy logic to effectively pool and aggregate information from multiple sources, thereby facilitating more precise and trustworthy decision-making. This research presents the architecture and operational principles of DIFP and demonstrates its efficacy in various URAS scenarios through extensive simulations and experiments. The proposed method demonstrated a high-performance level, with an accuracy of 98.86%, precision of 95.30%, recall of 97.32%, F score of 96.26%, and a notably low false positive rate of 4.17%. The results show that DIFP substantially improves decision-making performance relative to conventional methods, making it a promising technique for enhancing the autonomy and dependability of URAS in CPS.

Playing with the cultural pilgrimage to stimulate tourism: the xFORMAL project on cultural heritage and informal learning.

The focus on culture as an engine of sustainable development has favoured its gradual acquisition by institutions engaged in the protection and promotion of heritage as an enabling and systemic factor capable of connecting innovation, continue education, research, and citizen engagement in a single chain. Knowledge of the landscape that combines works of nature and humankind and its bio-cultural diversity makes it possible to identify innovative informal education and new tourist itineraries where the real experience is presented as a cultural pilgrimage. The European project of the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Programme RISE 'Informal and non-Formal E-Learning for Cultural Heritage - xFORMAL', currently halfway through its lifecycle, was born to create an informal way of accessing the cultural heritage of one's territory, revealing its past, history, and the civilisations that preceded us. After two years of closure due to the pandemic, this project reintroduced an authentic experience through gamification, a contact with landscapes, museums, and archaeological sites with physical, social, and cultural dimensions of their environments across space and over time. Building upon this foundation, the article delves into the intricate design and architectural principles that underpin the creation of the xFORMAL game, showcasing it as a paradigm of informal learning. This exploration includes a detailed analysis of the game's innovative design elements, educational strategies, and its role in facilitating an engaging and immersive learning experience outside traditional educational settings.