Architectural Principles Research Articles

Towards Sustainable Education by Design: Evaluating Pro-Ecological Architectural Solutions in Centers for Environmental Education

The imperative shift towards ecological consciousness in architectural design, driven by the pressing need to mitigate energy consumption and carbon emissions while fostering user well-being, has propelled the discourse on sustainable architecture to the forefront of contemporary dialogue. Concepts such as ecological architecture, sustainable, green, and regenerative design have emerged as pivotal frameworks aimed at aligning architectural practices with environmental imperatives. In this evolving architectural landscape, the centers for ecological education (CEEs) play an important role, embodying the intersection of architecture and ecological education. These centers, with their diverse educational initiatives, provide dedicated spaces for comprehensive ecological education. However, a gap exists in the literature regarding studies focusing on CEEs and the evaluation criteria for such facilities. This article seeks to bridge this gap by evaluating buildings designated for ecological education, aiming to present ecological content while exemplifying sustainable architectural principles. The study employs a research by design approach, combining a literature review with site investigations and qualitative assessments to elucidate the unique challenges and opportunities inherent in designing CEEs. Criteria for assessing the ecological quality of buildings are formulated. Through a comparative analysis, the article identifies key parameters for evaluating CEEs, considering their dual function as educational spaces and architectural exemplars. The evaluation framework developed in this study provides a valuable tool for architects, designers, and policymakers seeking to promote ecological education and sustainable architectural practices.

Generalized methodology of valuate using the satellite repeater connection for targeted purpose.

Providing electronic communication services to military formations that protect the state in the conditions of repelling a full-scale military invasion of the Russian Federation, requires the creation of a communication system (SZ) of the Armed Forces (AF) of Ukraine, which has the necessary properties to perform the assigned tasks as intended [1; 2]. According to the standard AJP-3 «Joint doctrine of the conduct of NATO operations» [3], increasing the combat capabilities of the combined forces and supporting operations (combat operations) is carried out, including through the use of satellite communications. The potential capabilities of satellite communication, such as broadcasting, high reliability and quality of communication channels, independence from distance, physical and geographical conditions, and high mobility, allow to ensure the communication of subscribers of the electronic communications system of the armed forces, which is a combat platform that allows the system management to receive network information services in real time. Modern satellite repeaters (SR) can have up to several dozen transponders of several frequency bands [4–6]. Satellite communication systems, which include several SRs, can provide high bandwidth of radio channels and the possibility of transmitting large volumes of information through them and allow solving the problem of creating global information and telecommunication systems and networks. The satellite communication system of the AF of Ukraine should be able to change the configuration for a specific service area depending on the needs of certain types of satellite networks, and therefore the satellite communication system of the AF of Ukraine should be based, including on SR communication of commercial appointment. The article proposes a generalized methodology for evaluating satellite communication relays of the SSR of the AF of Ukraine, the novelty of which is its general orientation for satellite communication systems built according to different architectural principles, using different frequency-orbital resources and providing different services using a methodological approach, which is based on the provisions of qualimetry and the calculation of integral and relative efficiency indicators, which takes into account the characteristic indicators of individual satellite repeaters.

Re-design of homestay in Takengon city with contemporary Gayo concept

Abstract As tourism develops in the city of Takengon, it is considered profitable for lodging business owners, from star-rated accommodation to jasmine classes emerging in the city of Takengon, making competition very tight. One type of accommodation business that is currently competitive and has great potential to grow rapidly is homestay. With the existing land, the arrangement of the homestay building is still not optimal, where the activities and circulation of the owner still mingle with guests. Likewise, the standard of accommodation facilities still needs to be added to maximize services. Generally, homestays are located in residential areas or tourist villages because of their function as a medium of introduction to the surrounding culture. Homestay re-design aims to redesign the homestay building according to its function with a picture of the life of the gayo people living in it, it can also strengthen the quality of homestay in the future as a competitor in the lodging business competition. The contemporary architectural style was chosen due to its characteristics of being contemporary, flexible and related to the principles of gayo architecture. The research method was carried out with literature studies and field surveys. The field survey included observations, interviews and direct observations of the residents of the houses in the housing estate. Then designed new facilities for the homestay such as, special sleeping room, fire kitchen, restaurant, front office, service area, as well as site arrangement in the form of cotage and open space/ebalen. The design is carried out with the concept of applying the rules of gayo contemporary architecture, namely the application of the concept of natural harmony to the zoning of the site and the application of the concept of filigree in the figure of the building appearance.

Observații filosofice despre arhitectura religioasă și arta sacră

This article tackles the aesthetic implications of religious architecture, somehow outshined by dominant metaphysical undertakings of the sacred space. The first part of this study deals with the interpretation of the principles of religious architecture explained by Vitruvius and their impact on the German and Scottish Enlightenment. The second part sheds light on the Kantian approach of the religious space through the aesthetic category of the sublime in its two paradigms – mathematical and dynamical – closely observing to what extent they support Kant’s intention to project religion within the limits of reason. From here, the research tracks the inheritance of these traditions reflected by Hegel’s Lectures of Aesthetics, for whom the architecture is embedded in the so-called symbolic art, one of the three major components of the system of arts. In the end, we will see how modern philosophy leaves a last trace of interest on religious architecture and the phenomenon of living in some Heideggerian writings, but without any aesthetic intention. We will check what the possibility of a theological program of religious architecture still means at the end of modernity, relying on some notes of Le Corbusier, and how we can recover a traditional model of religious architecture, which can explain the aesthetic experience beyond the metaphysical one, in the Eastern Orthodox Romanian mental space.

Researching By Design: Methodologies to Explore Design-Based Instruction for Youth Resilience to Environmental Challenges

Abstract Environmental education is not aligning with the sustainability and educational needs of the 21st century. Design-based learning emerges as a viable solution, fostering problem-solving and experiential learning in the environment. With its constructivist approach, it has the potential to improve environmental literacy across diverse social contexts. This research explores the use of research by design and design-based learning to develop extracurricular programs in schools in Brazil and Hungary. The analytical framework is developed through a literature review and systematic case analysis. The program’s objective is to engage the school community in redesigning their environment, following the design-based instruction framework, and incorporating the community’s context and landscape architecture and design principles. Program efficacy will be assessed through participant production, outcome analysis, observation, surveys, and performance on the design activities. The findings will contribute to understanding and evaluating program effectiveness in improving environmental education.

Effect of Passive Energy Efficiency Measures in Designing Sustainable Primary Healthcare Facilities in Nigeria

This study aims to develop a design for a sustainable healthcare centre through passive energy efficiency measures to improve the thermal comfort, cooling, lighting and ventilation requirements for primary healthcare centres in Nigeria. The methodology adopted for the study included both primary and secondary data collection. Primary data were collected from the administered questionnaire (5-point Likert scale closed-ended), a total of 350 sets of questionnaires administered and 87% were valid. A case study research strategy was adopted to ascertain the effectiveness and efficiency of building design with an emphasis on sustainable architectural design principles. A significant regression equation was revealed (F (2,257) = 33.619, p <.000, with an R2 of 0.294, which revealed that implementing passive measures for energy optimization has a significant and positive effect on designing sustainable healthcare centres. It further recommends the integration of passive design, design for deconstruction, adaptive reuse, and design for human comfort as part of architectural design principles that would result in sustainable energy optimization should be adopted in every design of primary healthcare centres by architects.

Microstructure-dependent deformation mechanisms and fracture modes of gradient porous NiTi alloys

Gradient porous structures based on triply periodic minimal surfaces offer exceptional specific strength and multi-functionality. However, strain heterogeneity complicates their deformation mechanisms and fracture modes. In this study, we fabricated a series of gradient porous NiTi alloys based on gyroid (G), diamond (D), and I-WP (I) unit cells, with porosities ranging from 50% to 70%. Surprisingly, the I structure exhibited an abnormally high compressive strength of nearly 600 MPa at around 50% porosity, more than twice that of the G and D structures. This performance gap was attributed to the activation of mixed deformation mechanisms and distinct fracture modes. While the G structure showed a uniform radial strain distribution, the D and I structures displayed pronounced radial strain gradients with concentrated central strains. The D structure deformed through relative sliding of oblique struts, while the I structure maintained macrostructural stability, with thick edge struts providing continuous strain hardening until monolithic fracture. This unique deformation behavior results from the synergistic effects of its intrinsic macrostructural stability, significant radial strain gradients, and sufficiently thicker edge struts. The integration of metallurgical and architectural design principles represents a novel approach to tailoring the mechanical properties of gradient porous metals for advanced applications.

Principles of Organic Architecture in buildings inspired by Anthroposophy: permanence through Sustainable and Bioclimatic Architecture

Principles of Organic Architecture in buildings inspired by Anthroposophy: permanence through Sustainable and Bioclimatic Architecture

Menara Pendidikan: Elevasi Kesadaran Arsitektural Melalui Program 'Arsitek Mengajar' di SMA Negeri 9 Semarang

The 'Architects Teach' initiative at SMA Negeri 9 Semarang represents a pioneering educational endeavor aimed at integrating architectural principles into the high school curriculum. This program seeks to nurture an appreciation and understanding of architectural concepts among students, fostering a deeper connection with their built environment. Through a series of interactive lectures and hands-on workshops, students were introduced to fundamental architectural ideas, encouraging them to observe and critically assess their surroundings. The initiative not only enhanced students' awareness of architectural aesthetics and functionality but also emphasized the importance of sustainable design practices. The program's outcomes suggest a significant shift in students' perceptions of architecture, highlighting the potential of such educational interventions in shaping future generations' engagement with their living spaces. Keywords: Architectural Education, High School Curriculum, Sustainable Design, Student Engagement, Built Environment

Crop Yield Prediction using CNN

Deep learning is a branch of Machine Learning which is completely based on artificial neural networks, as neural networks are going to mimic the human brain so deep learning is also a kind of mimic of the human brain. Farming is the main occupation of India. Crop yield has a direct impact on nation and international economies annually and the yield predicted plays a significant part in the food management and agriculture sector. The task is to build a prediction model for crop production . A prerequisite of intelligent systems has brought artificial neural networks to become a new technology which provides assorted solutions for complex problems in agriculture research. Performance of the agriculture sector mainly hinges on natural forces such as spatio-temporal distribution of rainfall, temperature, climate etc, with the result any deviation of monsoon from the normal pattern brings about numerous fluctuations in area and production. Crop yield has a direct impact on nation and international economies annually and the yield predicted plays a significant part in the food management and agriculture sector. The task is to build a prediction model for crop production. The basic principle of ANN architecture, Data Modeling for Prediction involves four stages namely historical data analysis (Descriptive), Data preprocessing, modeling of Data and Performance Estimation. First classify data based on different attributes. Regression analysis using CNN, it observes the relation between an independent (predictor) and dependent (target) variables. Based on relation training the model will predict crop yield production. application of ANN in predicting crop yield by using various crop performance features as input parameter

Automated Code Review Tool

As software development undergoes continual evolution, the assurance of code quality remains paramount in the development lifecycle. This research paper introduces an innovative Automated Code Review Tool engineered to augment and streamline the code review process. The tool capitalizes on advanced static code analysis, machine learning algorithms, and industry best practices to automate the detection of code quality issues, security vulnerabilities, and compliance with coding standards. The Automated Code Review Tool addresses the inherent challenges of manual code reviews, including human error, time constraints, and inconsistencies. Through automation, developers can expedite the identification and resolution of potential issues, thereby enhancing overall code quality and software reliability. Key features of the tool encompass intelligent pattern recognition, real-time feedback, and customizable rule sets, enabling development teams to tailor the tool to their project-specific requirements. Leveraging machine learning algorithms facilitates the tool's continuous learning from past reviews, thereby adapting to evolving coding practices and emerging security threats. This paper presents the architectural framework and design principles underpinning the Automated Code Review Tool, emphasizing its capacity to foster collaboration among development teams, reduce time-to-market, and ultimately contribute to the development of more robust and secure software. A comprehensive evaluation of the tool's efficacy across diverse development environments is conducted, offering insights into the practical implications of embracing automated solutions in real-world contexts. Keywords: Automated Code Review Tool, Code quality, Static code analysis, Machine learning algorithms, Coding standards, Manual code reviews, Human error, Time constraints, etc.

Scenography and Societal Change and the Creation of Artworks in Contemporary Art: An Analysis of the Practice of Scenography in Nabajyoti Nagar, Guwahati, Assam, India

The most beautiful visual element of a theater is its scenery. It entails placing a performance in a distinct and recognizable setting, defining the characters in terms of costumes and the accessories and qualities that go along with them, and lighting the performance appropriately to maximize the audience's enjoyment of the performance. Therefore, in addition to a mastery of architectural principles, the practice of scenography requires a sufficient understanding of the fundamentals of design, fair knowledge of graphics, and a working knowledge of the fine and practical arts, carpentry, tailoring, and electrical engineering. Because of this, the scenographer needs to be a well-rounded artist with enormous creative potential. Scenography can be used to create a civilization in the right way. Scenography investigates societal influence. In this study, the practice of scenography in Nabajyoti Nagar, Guwahati, Assam, India, is analyzed in relation to societal change and the creation of art works in contemporary art.

Green architecture: Conceptualizing vertical greenery in urban design

This executive summary introduces the concept paper on Green Architecture, focusing specifically on the integration of vertical greenery in urban design. Green architecture, characterized by sustainable design principles and environmental consciousness, aims to enhance urban environments by incorporating vegetation into built structures. Vertical greenery, a key component of green architecture, involves the strategic placement of vegetation on vertical surfaces such as walls, facades, and rooftops. This concept paper explores the potential of vertical greenery to mitigate environmental issues in urban areas, improve air quality, reduce the urban heat island effect, and enhance biodiversity. The paper proposes a conceptual framework for conceptualizing vertical greenery in urban design, emphasizing the importance of integrating natural elements into the built environment. It discusses various strategies for implementing vertical greenery, including the selection of suitable plant species, design considerations for irrigation and structural stability, and the incorporation of greenery into urban planning processes. Moreover, the concept paper highlights the social and economic benefits of vertical greenery, such as improved health and well-being for residents, increased property values, and enhanced aesthetics of urban spaces. It also emphasizes the role of stakeholder engagement, interdisciplinary collaboration, and ongoing monitoring and evaluation in the successful implementation of vertical greenery projects. In conclusion, this executive summary outlines the significance of incorporating vertical greenery into urban design practices as a means to promote sustainability, resilience, and livability in cities. By embracing the principles of green architecture and integrating vertical greenery into urban landscapes, cities can create healthier, more vibrant, and environmentally sustainable communities for current and future generations. Keywords: Urban, Design, Green, Architecture, Vertical.

Investigation into Eco-Architecture at Pulisan Beach Coastal Area

Coastal regions represent transitional zones between terrestrial and marine ecosystems, rendering them particularly susceptible to changes. For tourism development to be viewed as a comprehensive and holistic endeavor, it must prioritize local ecology, especially amidst heightened productivity and activity. The distinctive ecological attributes of Pulisan Beach underscore the strategy to draw diverse tourists to North Sulawesi. The research methodology adopts a qualitative descriptive approach, entailing studies and analyses of environmental potentials through field observations. This survey type seeks factual information and employs Ecological Architecture theory for analysis. Identification and analysis of the coastal tourist area of Pulisan Beach are conducted using fundamental concepts and principles of Ecological Architecture. These principles emphasize holistic unity, drawing upon human experiences and interactions with the natural environment, viewing development as an ongoing process rather than a static reality, and advocating for cooperation between humans and nature to ensure mutual safety. The study on the developmental status of Pulisan Beach tourism area, utilizing an Eco-Architecture framework, concludes that it adheres to fundamental ecological concepts and principles. It yields insights into organizing the beach area as a sustainable tourism destination, emphasizing ecological preservation. The arrangement prioritizes principles of Eco-Architecture that are environmentally conscious, aiming to conserve the surrounding environment.

Sustainable architecture: Envisioning self-sustaining buildings for the future

Sustainable Architecture: Envisioning Self-Sustaining Buildings for the Future explores the imperative for sustainable design practices in the construction industry. With global environmental challenges becoming increasingly urgent, the need for buildings that are not just energy-efficient but also self-sustaining is paramount. This report delves into the principles, technologies, and design strategies that can transform traditional buildings into sustainable structures that reduce environmental impact and enhance quality of life. The report begins by highlighting the pressing need for sustainable architecture, emphasizing the role of buildings in contributing to carbon emissions, resource depletion, and environmental degradation. It then outlines key principles of sustainable architecture, including energy efficiency, water conservation, waste reduction, and the use of environmentally friendly materials. A major focus of the report is on innovative technologies and design strategies that can be employed to create self-sustaining buildings. These include passive design strategies such as orientation, shading, and natural ventilation, as well as active technologies like solar panels, rainwater harvesting systems, and green roofs. Case studies of successful sustainable buildings from around the world illustrate the practical application of these principles and technologies. Finally, the report discusses the challenges and barriers to implementing sustainable architecture, such as cost considerations, lack of awareness, and regulatory hurdles. It concludes with a call to action for stakeholders in the construction industry to embrace sustainable practices and work towards creating a built environment that is not just sustainable but regenerative, contributing positively to the planet and its inhabitants. "Sustainable Architecture: Envisioning Self-Sustaining Buildings for the Future" provides a comprehensive overview of the principles, technologies, and design strategies that can drive the transition towards a more sustainable built environment. It serves as a valuable resource for architects, designers, policymakers, and anyone interested in creating a more sustainable future. Keywords: Sustainability, Building, Future, Architecture.

ANALISIS SKALABILITAS APLIKASI SMART PARKING MELALUI PENERAPAN CLEAN ARCHITECTURE

This research aims to enhance the capabilities of smart parking applications with a focus on scalability, organized structure, and ease of maintenance. We adopt the principles of Clean Architecture to separate functional layers and ensure clear isolation between business logic and specific implementations. The implementation of Clean Architecture in smart parking demonstrates a structured approach with high cohesion and component independence. Tools such as freezed, Dio, and Bloc pattern contribute to the development that is maintainable and extensible. This study provides practical insights into the application of Clean Architecture in real-life scenarios, emphasizing structured features' core and efficient state management with the Bloc pattern. This approach illustrates how Clean Architecture can be effectively applied to achieve scalability, good organization, and ease of maintenance in developing smart parking applications.

Compare and Analysis of Different Access Controlling Mechanisms in OAuth 2.0

This article analyses the basic concepts associated with authorization methods and how existing solutions face the common problems in the modern world. Different possible methods are introduced to solve such kind of problems. This paper proposes a model for attribute-based access control for cross-domain sources using APIs. The model includes basic architectural decisions and principles of ABAC (attribute based access control), RBAC (role based access control) and OAuth. Within the capabilities of OAuth 2.0 and ABAC will allow you to implement an end-to-end security model that can protect the privacy of customers and employees, the most important transactions for the financial sectors, business, and in general the most sensitive data over the API gateway. It is also possible to filter the response message, which is very important for customers.

Enhancing ransomware detection using Siamese network

Organizations in the current digital era are exposed to a variety of cybersecurity threats that can often result in financial losses and harm to their reputation. Among these threats, ransomware attacks can cause significant damage. Attackers are constantly improving their techniques to bypass security channels, which makes it challenging to monitor and detect the patterns of attacks. Consequently, there is a growing inclination towards employing state-of-the-art techniques to identify and defend during ransomware attacks. Deep learning is a proven technique that can be employed to learn from large complex patterns. However, large datasets are required in the training of deep learning models which is a challenging task. Few-shot learning (FSL) overcomes this limitation by using less data. In this research work, a Siamese network design is developed by incorporating the architectural principles of AlexNet and features of the VGG configuration. The employed methodology enables us to evaluate the inherent resemblances and disparities in the data. This novel methodology demonstrated exceptional performance, with an average accuracy of 97% when compared to various effects and learning rates. The results of the presented study demonstrate the capacity to greatly enhance cybersecurity by providing a scalable and effective approach for detecting ransomware.

Unveiling the dynamics of "scenes changing as steps move" in a Chinese classical garden: a case study of Jingxinzhai Garden

Chinese classical gardens are a significant cultural heritage in the history of world gardening, with their central architectural principle of "scenes changing as steps move" (步移景异) embodying traditional Chinese aesthetic ideals. This study employed the variation of visual complexity during a tour as a representation of this principle, using Jingxinzhai (静心斋) Garden as a case study. The visual environmental characteristics were quantified using the Fraclab box-counting, Canny edge detection, and DeepLab V3 + model, and the spatial distribution of fractal dimension and visual index of landscape elements were analyzed. Through partial correlation analysis, hierarchical regression analysis, and one-way ANOVA, the relevant factors (BVI, RVI, GVI, WVI) and influencing factors (BVI, RVI, GVI) and the differences among landscape element combinations of visual complexity were identified. Furthermore, the distribution patterns and causes of visual complexity in Chinese classical gardens were then discussed. This study proposes an effective method for quantifying the visual environmental characteristics of Chinese classical gardens and provides an explanation of the concept of "scenes changing as steps move" from the perspective of visual environment. It offers important references for a deeper understanding of Chinese classical garden design and planning.

A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TRADITIONAL TERENGGANU ARCHITECTURE AS A TOURIST ATTRACTION ON THE EAST COAST OF PENINSULAR MALAYSIA: A CASE STUDY OF TERRAPURI HERITAGE VILLAGE IN TERENGGANU CIRI FIZIKAL SENI BINA TRADISIONAL TERENGGANU SEBAGAI TARIKAN PELANCONG DI PANTAI TIMUR SEMENANJUNG MALAYSIA: KAJIAN KES TERRAPURI HERITAGE VILLAGE DI TERENGGANU

Traditional Terengganu architecture, including the Rumah Bujang Berselasar (bachelor house with an unroofed platform) and Rumah Tiang Dua Belas (twelve-pillared house), is the earliest and most prevalent type of housing in the northeastern region of Peninsular Malaysia, specifically in Terengganu. Site observation was conducted in Terrapuri Heritage Village in Setiu, Terengganu. These Malay houses are considered a crucial part of the region’s architectural history, reflecting numerous changes in their architectural elements and their continuity with the past and present built environment. Beyond being mere structures for shelter, the physical characteristics of these houses embody traditional values, beliefs, and ways of life. Rooted in the rich cultural heritage of the Malay community, they have been shaped over centuries by history, geography, and social interactions. Hence, studying the physical features of traditional Terengganu architecture requires an interdisciplinary approach that encompasses not only technical and functional aspects but also cultural and symbolic significance. This necessitates integrating architectural and construction principles with social, cultural, and historical perspectives. The objective of this study is to identify the structural and non-structural elements of traditional Terengganu houses, specifically Rumah Bujang Berselasar and Rumah Tiang Dua Belas. These distinctive features reflect the local context and cultural influences, contributing to the creation of a coastal resort identity. Thus, it is imperative to continue efforts to preserve and promote traditional Malay architecture, including Rumah Bujang Berselasar (bachelor house with unroofed platform) and Rumah Tiang Dua Belas (twelve-pillared house), to ensure the sustainability and preservation of cultural heritage for future generations to come. Keywords: physical characteristics; traditional Terengganu architecture; Terengganu identity; tourist attraction; coastal resort design