Architectural Components Research Articles

CTCF and Its Partners: Shaper of 3D Genome during Development.

The 3D genome organization and its dynamic modulate genome function, playing a pivotal role in cell differentiation and development. CTCF and cohesin, acting as the core architectural components involved in chromatin looping and genome folding, can also recruit other protein or RNA partners to fine-tune genome structure during development. Moreover, systematic screening for partners of CTCF has been performed through high-throughput approaches. In particular, several novel protein and RNA partners, such as BHLHE40, WIZ, MAZ, Aire, MyoD, YY1, ZNF143, and Jpx, have been identified, and these partners are mostly implicated in transcriptional regulation and chromatin remodeling, offering a unique opportunity for dissecting their roles in higher-order chromatin organization by collaborating with CTCF and cohesin. Here, we review the latest advancements with an emphasis on features of CTCF partners and also discuss the specific functions of CTCF-associated complexes in chromatin structure modulation, which may extend our understanding of the functions of higher-order chromatin architecture in developmental processes.

From simple digital twin to complex digital twin Part I: A novel modeling method for multi-scale and multi-scenario digital twin

In recent years, the digital twin has attracted widespread attention as an important means of digitalization and intelligence. However, the digital twin is becoming more and more complex due to the expansion of need on the simulation of multi-scale and multi-scenario in reality. The instance of digital twin in references mostly concentrates a particular application, while it is still a lack of a method for constructing the complex digital twin in the total elements, the variable scale of working environments, changeable process, not even the coupling effects. In this paper, a novel modeling method for such a complex digital twin is proposed based on the standardized processing on the model division and assembly. Firstly, the complex model of digital twin is divided into several simple models according to the composition, context, component, and code in 4C architecture. Composition and context make the digital twin focus on the effective elements in a specific scale and scenario. Component and code develop the digital twin in standard-based modularization. Secondly, assemble the simple models of digital twins into the complex model through information fusion, multi-scale association and multi-scenarios iterations. Ontology establishes the complete information library of the entities on different digital twins. Knowledge graph bridges the structure relationship between the different scales of digital twins. The scenario iterations realize the behavior interaction and the accuracy calculation results. It provides an implementable method to construct a complex model of digital twin, and the reuse of components and code also enables rapid development of digital twins.

Quantum internet

While quantum computing faces many implementation challenges, practical quantum communication technologies exist today. This means quantum networking services such as quantum key distribution (QKD) can already be utilized. Adoption of quantum technologies into existing infrastructure will likely evolve into fully-fledged quantum networks that grow in tandem with advances in quantum computing. This article describes the unique challenges, evolving stakeholders, and possible architectural components of the coming quantum internet.

Real-time deep learning method for automated detection and localization of structural defects in manufactured products

In recent years, artificial intelligence has been applied in the industry to automate various vision-based applications, such as monitoring structural defects in manufactured products. For industrial inspections, the automatic detection and localization of defective parts from product images ensure quality while avoiding waste of labor and materials. To this end, this paper introduces a two-branch neural network architecture that comprises detector and localizer components, where the former identifies the presence of defects, while the latter defines the region of interest for each defective area detected in the product structure. In both cases, the underlying strategy lies in a semi-supervised setting observing only defect-free product images, enabling the learning of the correct product structure that can be used to identify every kind of defect independently from position, color, or shape. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated on the MVTec-AD industrial benchmark comprising different object and texture categories, considering the common state-of-the-art AUROC and SSIM metrics for the evaluation of anomaly detection and localization, respectively. Ablation studies varying the number of layers are performed on all the architecture components, founding that the presented two-branch network is consistently robust among all classes achieving remarkable results, i.e., 98% for AUROC and 94% for SSIM. What is more, measuring the time required to detect and localize the defects, the trained network is run on the RPi4B as an embedded system to simulate a practical industrial setting with limited computational resources, demonstrating the applicability of the presented method in real scenarios.

Analysis of vernacular houses in southern Vietnam, and potential applications of the learned lessons to contemporary urban street houses

PurposeThis study examines spatial layouts and sustainable features of vernacular houses in southern Vietnam to apply the lessons learned to the development of a contemporary housing design. This study proposes hypothetical low-rise street-house models popular in contemporary urban Vietnam by applying the spatial and ecological lessons learned from the analysis.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 23 well-preserved vernacular houses in Dong Hoa Hiep – an 18th century village in the Tien Giang Province – were chosen for a 2-month, on-site investigation. During the field survey, the houses were measured to fabricate scale drawings for detailed analysis, and photographs were taken.FindingsAn in-depth evaluation highlighted unique characteristics of spatial compositions, sustainable features, and architectural components that contribute to climate adaptive strategies.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough numerous potential arrangements of the models are possible, a few examples are illustrated to validate that the assembly could help achieve a dynamic streetscape for street houses.Social implicationsFrom this perspective, vernacular houses in Vietnam are a rich architectural resource and a significant cultural heritage, because these houses have adopted sustainable design strategies suitable for the local climate and culture to ensure comfort and well-being for a long time. Perhaps, sustainable lessons drawn from Vietnam's indigenous houses are a prerequisite to developing contemporary housing in the country.Originality/valueEmploying the lessons learned from vernacular houses, this study developed three sustainable prototypical designs for the development of contemporary street houses in densely populated cities in Vietnam.

The Role of Collective Spaces in Achieving Social Sustainability: A Comparative Approach to Enhance Urban Design

Achieving social sustainability is an important aim towards achieving sustainable development goals for 2030. This paper aims to evaluate the compatibility of collective spaces with the contemporary social needs in the residential areas in Palestine. It is hypothesized that collective spaces such as cul-de-sacs have the potential for a contribution towards social sustainability. A field research for urban design architectural components for cul-de-sacs and grid streets in Nablus city was conducted based on social sustainability values. Then, a questionnaire was developed to measure people’s satisfaction with living in such collective spaces in terms of social sustainability values. The results show that the satisfaction in collective spaces rises in the cul-de-sac housing compared to grid street houses. Based on these results, a cul-de-sac is a high-potential approach for enhancing social interaction in collective spaces because it provides the four values of social sustainability: privacy, security, equality, and environmental quality. Such qualities are very basic and essential human needs to be considered in housing design. Finally, proposed guidelines for designing contemporary collective spaces based on learning from traditional cul-de-sacs were introduced to enhance future social sustainability.

Generation of Ceiling Rose Patterns by Shape Grammar Approaches in Safranbolu Traditional Houses

This study aims to examine the ornament parts of the traditional ceilings, one of the essential elements of the space with physical and psychological aspects, in terms of design methods and approaches. In this study, the ceilings of the houses have been discussed in the Safranbolu region, which was chosen as the study area. Star-formed ceiling rose ornament, which is one of the indispensable components of these elements and is widely used in these houses, has been evaluated by shape grammar implementations that are commonly both generative and analytic tools for assessing design languages. By determining generation rules, a design process has been defined. With these rules, by using samples of present ceiling ornaments, variations have been generated in the frame of different scenarios. The richness and innovative sustainability of Star-formed ceiling rose ornament are demonstrated by the proposal of an analytic and generative approach based on inferences from traditional implementations. This study makes contributions to the literature by offering an alternative process to imitations and iterations of traditional architectural components and by enriching the design language of the craft implementations

Mass Customization of Housing: A Framework for Harmonizing Individual Needs with Factory Produced Housing

Integrated processes for design and fabrication have guided mass customization of architectural systems and components. Providing affordable and accessible housing, a vital segment of the building industry, is a multifaceted process that witnessed various manifestations towards individualization over the past few decades. Design flexibility in housing systems is becoming a crucial aspect, informed by consumers’ lifestyles, demographic patterns, and lifecycles change at a rapid pace. As the housing market demands more personalized, efficient, and agile strategies, prefabricated building systems have always presented a viable alternative for flexibility and customization, following a rise of interest in the last decade focused on new modes of digitized design and production. This paper presents an overview and appraisal of various practices to implement customization in the housing industry, with specific focus on empowering a systemic approach. We then propose an open framework that could accommodate emergent design technologies and production protocols, with the aim of taking advantage of advanced research efforts, and coupled with current industry application.

Wide bandgap halide perovskite absorbers for semi-transparent photovoltaics: From theoretical design to modules

The interest in Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) is growing worldwide. A pivotal role in the development of these technologies can be played by semi-transparent perovskite solar cells (ST-PSCs), thanks to their excellent potential in terms of both Average Visible Transmittance (AVT) and color neutrality. Here, we demonstrate that MAPb(Br1−xClx)3 wide band gap perovskite thin films allow to fabricate efficient and semi-transparent solar cells and modules. To this purpose, electro-optical simulations were employed to optimize the device stack by considering the transmitted/reflected light at each interface between the constituent layers, the composition and the thickness of the perovskite absorber and the impact of the transparent top contact. By combining theoretical and experimental results, we show that the optimal perovskite composition corresponds to a chloride molar ratio equal to 0.13, resulting in a champion device efficiency of 6.3 %, Average Visible Transmittance of 69.4 % and Light Utilization Efficiency of 4.37 %. Furthermore, semi-transparent perovskite mini-modules with a stabilized efficiency of 5.45 % and AVT of 59.4 % with an aperture area of 53.6 cm2 were fabricated defining a new state-of-art for semi-transparent modules. We thus demonstrated efficient and highly semi-transparent perovskite solar modules for the development of PV windows, paving the way for their future integration in architectural components.

Adding sustainable value in product-service systems business models design: A conceptual review towards a framework proposal

Product-Service Systems (PSS) are offered to deliver superior value propositions to customers while achieving better results for business organizations. To achieve these benefits, PSS business models should be designed to cover improvements in sustainability's economic, environmental, and social dimensions. Nevertheless, these sustainable aspects regarding PSS business model are dispersed in the literature and generally not considered when developing a PSS. In this sense, this study is a conceptual literature review aiming to synthesize PSS and business model publications from a sustainable value perspective. The review was developed in three stages to cover a diversity of publications on PSS and business model. Based on the literature content analysis, this paper deals with PSS value architecture components: value proposition, creation, delivery, capture, and value network. A set of opportunities to enhance sustainable production and consumption were pointed out with regard to the PSS business model's value architecture components and sub-components. Creating sustainable value propositions could be improved by maximizing utilization of resources and skills, employing effective operations, and aligning the product-service system solution with the triple concern people-planet-profit. The developed framework aims at contributing to both the development of theory on PSS and servitized business models. In addition, the framework also contributes to enhance PSS business models focusing on sustainable and responsible practices.

From System Architecting to System Design and Optimization: A Link Between MBSE and MDAO

AbstractOptimization of system architectures can help deal with finding better system architectures in a large design space plagued by combinatorial explosion of alternatives. To enable architecture optimization, the design space should therefore be formalized into a numerical optimization problem, and it should be possible to quantitatively evaluate architecture alternatives. This paper presents a methodology for generating and modeling architecture design spaces using the Architecture Design Space Graph (ADSG), and using collaborative Multidisciplinary Design Analysis and Optimization (MDAO) techniques to evaluate architectures. Collaborative MDAO leverages disciplinary expertise while ensuring that analysis tools exchange data consistently and correctly using a central data schema. The problem solved in this paper is the missing link between architecture optimization and collaborative MDAO: the reflection of generated architectures in the central data schema. It is solved by the authors by mapping architecture components and Quantities of Interest (QOIs) to the central data schema using Data Schema Operations (DSOs). Such a mapping also assists the user in identifying missing or unnecessary disciplinary analysis tools. Three web‐based software tools implementing the methodology are presented. Finally, the methodology and tools are demonstrated using the design of a supersonic business jet as an example.

A Study on the Construction Process of Nonsan Catholic church in the Rev. Singer.

본고는 1961년에 완공된 논산성당(루르드의 성모 성당) 건립의 배경 과 추진 과정을 고찰한다. 논산지역은 18세기 말부터 천주교 신앙이 전 파되었고, 1921년 본당 승격으로 이어졌다. 이후 지속적으로 성장한 교 세는 강경본당이 분리되고, 6.25전쟁이 발발하였음에도 불구하고 1950 년대 말에 이르러 3천명에 육박하였다. 당시 주임이었던 생제 신부는 많은 신자들을 수용할 수 있는 새 성당 건립을 추진하였다. 원설계는 프랑스인 Lucien Beun이 하였고, 실시설계는 한국인 건축가 이희태가 맡았다. 공사는 1958년 5월 정지작업을 시작으로 1960년 2월 초석 축복, 이어서 1961년 10월 11일에 봉헌식을 가졌다. 성당 제단부 에는 신비적 아름다움을 더하기 위하여 프랑스 유리화 장인 앙투안 베 사크가 제작한 ‘루르드의 성모’ 발현 장면이 스테인드글라스로 장식되 었다. 성당의 건립에는 다양한 인물들의 협조와 노력이 있었다. 건축에 직접 참여한 건축가와 예술가 외에도 이들을 소개하고 비용을 부담한 후원자This paper examined the construction process of Nonsan Catholic Church (Notre Dame de Lourdes), which was completed in 1961. In the Nonsan area, the Catholicity spread from the end of the 18th century, and Catholic communities are promoted as parish in 1921. Since then, the congregation has been expanded and gathered 3,000 believers by the end of the 1950s even though Ganggyeong Parish has been split and the Korean War has broken out. Father Singer, who was the head of the church at the time, propelled the construction of a new church that could accommodate a large number of believers. It was originally designed by Frenchman Lucien Beun, and the final design was done by Korean architect Lee Hee-tae. The construction has begun in May, 1958 with flattening the land, and blessing ceremony has been held in Feb, 1960 and dedicatory ceremoy in Oct 11, 1961. The scene of ‘Notre Dame de Lourdes’ was decorated with stained glass created by French glass-painting artist Antoine Beyssac to add mystical beauty in the church altar. For the construction of the church, many people supported and poured efforts. In addition to the architects and artists who participated in the construction, there were sponsors who introduced them and paid expenses, and a great support of the Vatican. As representative sponsors, there were Chang-myon, who was the vice president at the time, Thams Chang, dean of Fine Arts, Seoul National University, and priests and believers from Hesdin Church, the hometown of Father Singer. And with the active support of Father Singer and Nonsan believers, the church was successfully completed. Domestic and foreign renowned politicians and the old villagers sacrified and cooperated for the establishment of Nonsan Catholic Church and it has become an internal component of the monu-mental architecture. In addition, Nonsan Church is the first modernist church built in Chung- nam. As modernist architecture, which is practical and simple aesthetics for city reconstruction was popular in the West after the war, Nonsan Catholic Church is an important example that led the modernist church architecture early in Korea.

MOISTURE RESISTANCE OF EARTHEN COATINGS STABILIZED WITH GLYCEROL

One of the fundamental components of earth architecture is its coatings because they protect structures from atmospheric and anthropic agents. However, due to the hygroscopic nature of the earth, the plasters are highly vulnerable to rain and groundwater absorption. To deal with these agents of decay, experts and artisans have tested with different stabilizing substances throughout history. This article reviews a series of experiments based on verifying the use of small glycerol fractions to increase the durability and resistance of the earth coatings. Glycerol is a byproduct of various industrial processes, such as the production of biodiesel. Recently, there has been a significant increase in its production, making it a viable resource to consolidate and protect both historical building components and contemporary buildings. We analyzed comparatively mortars of natural earth, and others stabilized with glycerol to verify the cohesiveness, quantity of water required, and drying time. Subsequently, we performed flat tests and plasters applied on walls to undergo capillary absorption conditions and rain impact. An increase in the cohesiveness of the mortars added with glycerol of 12%, decreases the amount of water required for the mixtures by 18% and the drying time rises by almost 7 hours. The stabilized specimens absorbed 26% less water by capillarity, and the exposed coatings to weather conditions maintain their integrity after eight months of staying outdoors. Earthen mortars that were enriched with small volumes of glycerol developed a highly positive response to these factors, which are the most likely to provoke the earth plasters and the structures they protect. It is possible to have a material that improves the mixtures of soil and is sustainable from an economic, ecological, and cultural point of view.

A Eclesiosfera em Movimento transformações organizacionais e reprodução da Igreja no Maranhão contemporâneo

The article analyzes the territorial rearrangements and the evolution of the clerical staff in the Church of Maranhão throughout the 20th century. The analysis sought to apprehend the changes in the global architecture of that specific component of the Church, as well as the territorial strategies in dispute. The work also brought out some concrete evidences for the assessment of the objective relationships that kept those elements together and ensured their perpetuation and transformation. The main results suggest that a complex process of territorial (re)organization of powers in the Catholic Church of Maranhão gave rise to the emergence of a new type of relationship between the religious institution and the local society.

Agricultural Big Data Architectures in the Context of Climate Change: A Systematic Literature Review

Climate change is currently one of agriculture’s main problems in achieving sustainability. It causes drought, increased rainfall, and increased diseases, causing a decrease in food production. In order to combat these problems, Agricultural Big Data contributes with tools that improve the understanding of complex, multivariate, and unpredictable agricultural ecosystems through the collection, storage, processing, and analysis of vast amounts of data from diverse heterogeneous sources. This research aims to discuss the advancement of technologies used in Agricultural Big Data architectures in the context of climate change. The study aims to highlight the tools used to process, analyze, and visualize the data, to discuss the use of the architectures in crop, water, climate, and soil management, and especially to analyze the context, whether it is in Resilience Mitigation or Adaptation. The PRISMA protocol guided the study, finding 33 relevant papers. However, despite advances in this line of research, few papers were found that mention architecture components, in addition to a lack of standards and the use of reference architectures that allow the proper development of Agricultural Big Data in the context of climate change.

Aesthetic aspect of architectural space development for creative activity of children in a modern school

Purpose: The aim of this work is to determine the architectural space components for the creative activity of children in a modern school. Design/methodology: The description of modern design and construction of school buildings in Russia and abroad; identification of factors influencing the formation of the aesthetic aspect of the architectural space of a modern school; theoretical modeling of typological layout of individual structural elements of the architectural space for creative activities in a modern school; analysis of the functional zoning and compositional parameters of the architectural space to identify the architectural space qualitative parameters disclosing the creative potential of students. Research findings: Identification of the main algorithms of the architectural space design for the creative activity of students in a school with a specific atmosphere that has a beneficial effect on the perception of new knowledge and disclosure of the creative potential of students. Practical implications: The obtained results and proposed recommendations can be used in green architecture and development of regulatory documents on the school building design; the program preparation in project activities; in studying the individual structural components of the architectural environment within the artistic and aesthetic aspect. Originality/value: Architectural means determine the formation of the aesthetically oriented architectural environment for creative activities in modern schools and identify the qualitative parameters of the given space. The architectural environment of the creative activity represents a new type of individual structural elements of a modern school building focused on a disclosure and growth of creative potential of students with optimum opportunities.

DEVELOPING THE WBS-BASED STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE OF HIGHRISE BUILDING’S ARCHITECTURAL COMPONENTS

The maintenance of the building should have clear and planned standards. In compiling standard operating procedures for maintenance and care, people can use the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) to make it easier to understand by grouping each component of the building and being oriented towards overall activities. The purpose of this study is to find out the variables in developing SOPs for maintenance and care of architectural components in office buildings. The method used is literature study and expert validation. The research strategy was archival analysis in the form of previous project documents and government regulations related to maintenance and care as well as surveys to experts to validate variables. The research instrument used is a Questionnaire. Furthermore, the questionnaire data were analyzed using descriptive statistics which then produced SOP development variables. The results of the study are expected to be a reference SOP for building managers in carrying out building maintenance and care.

TÜRK İSLAM SANATINDA SANDUKA GELİŞİMİ

Ölüm ve ölüm sonrasında yapılan ritüelleri belirleyen en önemli olgu insanların inançlarıdır. İnanç sistemi, mezar tipini, biçimini, hacmini, bölümlerini belirlediği gibi sanatsal tasarımlarını da belirler. Mezar yapıları, dönemin mimari anlayışını ve sanatsal zevklerini yansıtan önemli belgelerdir. Bu çalışmanın konusunu, mezar yapıları içerisinde gelişimini izlediğimiz sandukalar oluşturmaktadır. Anadolu’da erken dönemlerden itibaren örneklerini gördüğümüz sandukalar, türbe ve kümbetlerde sembolik olarak karşımıza çıkar. Hazire ya da kabristanlarda bulunan sandukalar ise lahit mezar çeşidi olarak tasniflenmiştir. Farklı türde örnekler olmakla birlikte sandukalar; bir kaide üzerine, baş ve ayak bölümleri arasında yükseklik ve genişlik farkı olan, üst bölümü iki yana meyilli formuyla Türk mezar mimarisinde uzun süre kullanılmış ve türbe mimarisinin önemli bir unsuru olmuştur. Sandukalar, süreç içerisinde plan, süsleme ve kütle kompozisyonu yönünden gelişim ve değişim göstermişlerdir. Bu çalışmanın, mezar yapılarında mimari bileşen olan sandukaların kavramsal ve biçimsel gelişimi üzerine yapılan ilk çalışma olması nedeniyle alana katkı sunacağı düşünülmektedir.

Seismic strengthening of existing RC buildings with external cross-laminated timber (CLT) walls hosting an integrated energetic and architectural renovation

In this study a timber-based integrated solution is presented to solve at once common issues affecting typical reinforced concrete (RC) existing buildings, such as seismic and energy performances, providing an eco-friendly alternative to steel external bracing systems. Cross-laminated timber (CLT) walls are provided perpendicularly to the external façades as strengthening elements while interposed CLT slabs are foreseen at each floor level to host new architectural units together with a new envelope. While the connections to the foundations and to the existing RC frames are provided respectively with steel brackets and axial-connectors distributed along the height of the building, a post-tensioned connection, between CLT panels (PT-CLT connection), is implemented in the system to guarantee resistance to horizontal actions acting parallel to existing façades with consequent structural independence and architectural freedom. On this regards a first look at the findings of an experimental campaign carried on the Technical University of Munich are presented. A numerical model is developed with finite element software characterizing each type of connector for linear and non-linear analyses. Modal analyses with response spectrum are performed to verify structural elements and connectors, while pushover analyses with target displacement checks are performed to assess the obtained seismic improvement. Finally, the preassembled architectural components that allow to renovate the envelope and the provided assembly procedure are revealed.

Paleosols in distal alluvial sequences and their formation mechanisms: Insights from a high-resolution record in a foreland basin during early Miocene (SE France)

The stratigraphic distribution of paleosols provides a framework to investigate the controls on distal alluvial fan architecture. This study focused on paleosol-bound alluvial cycles (PACs) from the southern Digne-Valensole foreland Basin (SE France, early Miocene). We investigated the duration of the paleosol formation and identified the controlling mechanisms on their temporal and spatial distribution. Paleosols formed primarily from fine-grained sediments (65% shale, 16% lime mud). We identified three pedotypes: Calcisols from reddening throughout the weathering profile, Bw horizon overlying Bk horizon; vertic Calcisols with similar features including slickensides; and gleyic Calcisols showing saturated conditions superimposed on well-drained Calcisol features. Duration of Calcisol formation, estimated from the time span of aggrading PACs, was compatible with those from Quaternary Calcisols: median 11 to 29 kyr for maturity Stage II, > 90% of the dataset); range 20–58 kyr for maturity Stage III-IV. The shortest PACs time spans (< 10 kyr) indicate episodic sedimentation in the distal floodplain. Spatially or temporally variable sediment input in the intermediate floodplain prevented the development of paleosols at short time scales, resulting in longer PACs time spans (40 to 70 kyr) in the range of astronomical-related climate cycles. Autogenic processes also controlled the PACs stacking pattern as illustrated by stacked meter scale PACs formed during periods of relative sea-lowering indicative of a regular down-dip slope limiting river entrenchment; or during a period of high base-level in areas of low sediment supply suggesting complete diversion of the flow laterally from the previous course. The age-constrained PACs enabled to document on high-resolution time scales (a few to 100 s of kyr) the interactions between two components of the alluvial architecture, the episodic aggradation and the pedogenic processes that are difficult to determine in fossil alluvial successions. • Paleosol-bound alluvial cycles studied at 10 4 to 10 5 timescales over 3.5 Myr. • Durations of Aquitanian Calcisol formation were comparable to Quaternary ones. • Episodic floodplain aggradation is documented for timescale shorter than 10 kyr. • The potential of paleosol maturity in evaluating climate fluctuations is discussed. • Autogenic controls were identified from stacking pattern of Calcisols.