Architectural Components Research Articles

ROLE OF STROMAL MICROENVIRONMENT IN THE FORMATION OF INVASIVE, ANGIOGENIC, AND METASTATIC POTENTIAL OF ENDOMETRIOID CARCINOMA OF ENDOMETRIUM.

Histological preparations of ECE samples (n = 51) were analyzed. Expression of CXCL2 and CXCR4 antigens in tumor cells, the content of CXCL12+ fibroblasts and CD163+ macrophages, and the density of microvessels were determined by the immunohistochemical method. Groups of ECE with desmoplastic and inflammatory stromal reactions were delineated. The majority (80.0%) of tumors with desmoplasia were of low differentiation grade, deeply invading the myometrium; 65.0% of patients with these tumors were at stage III of the disease. In ECE cases of stages I-II, 77.4% of ECE showed an inflammatory type of stroma. The high angiogenic and invasive potential of EC of stages I-II was associated with an inflammatory stromal type, high counts of CD163+ macrophages and CXCL12+ fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment, high expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4, and reduced expression of its ligand CXCL12 in tumor cells. In the majority of EC of stage III, the increase in angiogenic, invasive, and metastatic potential was accompanied by the presence of desmoplastic stroma, increased expression of CXCR4 in tumor cells, and a high count of CXCL12+ fibroblasts. The obtained results showed that the morphological architecture of the stromal ECE component is related to the molecular features of its constituents and tumor cells. Their interaction modulates the phenotypic characteristics of ECE associated with the degree of malignancy.

Theoretical treatment of complex coacervate core micelles: structure and pH-induced disassembly.

Complex coacervate core micelles (C3Ms) are supramolecular soft nanostructures formed by the assembly of a block copolymer and an oppositely charged homopolymer. The coacervation of the charged segments in both macromolecules drives the formation of the core of the C3M, while the neutral block of the copolymer forms the corona. This work introduces a molecular theory (MOLT) that predicts the internal structure and stimuli-responsive properties of C3Ms and explicitly considers the chemical architecture of the polyelectrolytes, their acid-based equilibria and electrostatic and non-electrostatic interactions. In order to accurately predict complex coacervation, the correlations between charged species are incorporated into MOLT as ion-pairing processes, which are modeled using a coupled chemical equilibrium formalism. Very good agreement was observed between the experimental results in the literature and MOLT predictions for the scaling relationships that relate the dimensions of the micelle (aggregation number and sizes of the micelle and the core) to the lengths of the different blocks. MOLT was used to study the disassembly of the micelles when the solution pH is driven away from the value that guarantees the charge stoichiometry of the core. This study reveals that very sharp disassembly transitions can be obtained by tuning the length or architecture of the copolymer component, thereby suggesting potential routes to design C3Ms capable of releasing their components at very precise pH values.

Assessment of the architectural sustainability components of selected primary health care centers in Bauchi State

Assessment of the architectural sustainability components of selected primary health care centers in Bauchi State

Machine Learning Based Logistic Decision Support System for Intelligent Vehicles and Transportation Systems

One-third of the freight expense is spent on transportation and transport networks, thus significantly impacting the logistics sector's efficiency. Artificial Intelligent logistics strategies are designed to alleviate the impact on metropolitan areas exacerbated by increased freight transport. The city of logistics is widely employed as a modern study area, has a significant social and economic influence, and has extensively explored the key elements and components. Most recent experiments concentrate on traffic management and logistics monitoring, even though no research studies have tried to detect drivers' distractions. Since drivers are one of the major parts of logistic service, this study incorporates existing logistics DSS with the cognitive model for predicting driver distraction. This paper presents a Machine Learning Integrated Decision Support System (MLIDSS) architecture and core components based on simulationoptimization modules to assist the smart logistics DSS with an eye to service delivery driver distraction level. The ML algorithms perform real-time driver distraction predictions for smooth logistics transportation. The viability of such a transportation system is often illustrated in the real world. The findings result in the highest-performing intelligent decision support system compared to existing models.

Ingenuity Incision in Traditional Malay Wood Carving Calligraphy Motif

Malay woodcarvings are an ornament that symbolizes the identity and creativity of the Malay community at the house or palace. The difference will be in the design complexity and the number of ornaments used to decorate the palaces. Motif is considered one of the primary elements behind the creation of woodcarving and is included visually in various arts and crafts categories. Thus, the purpose of this study was to present an analytical study to investigate the visual forms of calligraphy motifs on the ornamentation wood carving at Istana Tengku Long, Terengganu. The study utilized the qualitative methodology in collecting data besides the field study at the selected palace and in-depth interviews with related persons. The Fractal Dimension Analysis (FDA) was applied to measure the complexity of the intricacy of the calligraphy panel. The finding indicated that the Islamic belief in the daily activities and local culture has assimilated to produce such intricate calligraphy motifs in Istana Tengku Long. The combination was carved in two compositions together with relief which, non-relief forms and floral motifs were the types of motifs that dominated the woodcarving at Istana Tengku Long. The Quranic verse of the calligraphy motifs gives the implied meaning to the royalty status and socio-culture of the Malay during that period. The knowledge gained from the study presents the Malay royalty's belief that the verses would influence their daily life and the palace as a place of residence. This study will contribute to the understanding of cultural assimilation and its impact on the architectural component revolution, specifically the ornamentation of the building. Preserving the calligraphy motif with indigenous incision shows the sustainability of Malay craftsmanship in wood carving. It emphasizes the inheritance of the aesthetic ornamentation in the traditional timber palaces in Malaysia that potentially involved heritage tourism and education prospects.

Adversarial Attacks and Batch Normalization: A Batch Statistics Perspective

Batch Normalization (BatchNorm) is an effective architectural component in deep learning models that helps to improve model performance and speed up training. However, it has also been found to increase the vulnerability of models to adversarial attacks. In this study, we investigate the mechanism behind this vulnerability and took first steps towards a solution called RobustNorm. We observed that adversarial inputs tend to shift the distributions of the output of the BatchNorm layer, leading to inaccurate train-time statistics and increased vulnerability. Through a series of experiments on various architectures and datasets, we confirm our hypothesis. We also demonstrate the effectiveness of RobustNorm in improving the robustness of models under adversarial perturbation while maintaining the benefits of BatchNorm.

A design strategy of exciton blocking materials using simulations and the analysis of device properties

A hole transporting type exciton blocking layer (hEBL) is one of the important device architecture components in phosphorescence organic light emitting diodes (PhOLEDs).

The Influential Synergy of Social Network Architectural Components on Employees Positivity: A Conceptual Discourse and Implications for Organizational Change

The Influential Synergy of Social Network Architectural Components on Employees Positivity: A Conceptual Discourse and Implications for Organizational Change

DIGITAL UNIVERSITY. CONCEPT OF CREATION

The article deals with the problem of creating and implementing a digital university. The author defines a digital university as a certain mega-educational service implemented on the basis of digital intelligent protocols for training specialists in various fields with a view to obtaining higher education and supporting research and educational activities. The component architecture of cognitive services of a digital university is defined as a technological basis for the provision of educational services. The following system components are defined: scientific education, world view, ontology, taxonomy of information resources, transdisciplinarity, transdisciplinarity of information resources, transdisciplinary education, cognitive technologies, knowledge capsule, narrative of information resources, university capacity, educational logistics, etc. The article describes educational and technological areas and their system components, which include: the formation of transdisciplinary educational clusters of scientific, educational and methodological literature; automatic systematization, classification and ordering by certain parameters of descriptions of scientific, scientific, technical and educational products and publications recommended for use in the educational process; creation of curricula in an ontological format; information and analytical assessment of the scientific relevance of the content of narratives of academic disciplines to modern challenges of development of specialized knowledge systems; creation of interactive knowledge bases on thematic profiles of academic disciplines; creation of a library of knowledge capsules for different curricula; formation of a digital image of each university teacher and each department; formation of classrooms for each student, taking into account the profile of his/her studies; formation of a digital image of each student, determination of evaluation criteria. The method of transdisciplinary consolidation of networked information and educational resources and knowledge systems in the operational environment of student research and educational activities is described. Characteristics of the cognitive-communicative scenario of consolidated interaction of students with digital narratives, educational assets and teachers are provided. The article presents the characteristics of the two-circuit operational space of a digital university and generalizes the scheme of consolidated interaction of a student with the educational resources of a digital university.

The Power of Cloud-Native Solutions for Descriptive Analytics: Unveiling Insights from Data

Descriptive analytics, the foundation of data-driven decision-making, has been revolutionized by the advent of cloud-native technologies. This paper explores the role of cloud-native solutions in empowering descriptive analytics, examining its architectural components, benefits, challenges, and realworld applications. We discuss the offerings of major cloud vendors, best practices for implementation, and future trends in this field.

STRUCTURE AND DECORATION ART OF DOU-GONG BRACKET SETS AND ITS CULTURAL COMMUNICATION

A system of brackets inserted between the top of a column and a crossbeam (hereinafter referred to as Dou-Gong Bracket Sets) is a unique and important structural component in traditional Chinese architecture. It is used to represent the connotations of traditional Chinese culture. To begin, this paper discussed the meanings of Dou-Gong Brackets Sets and their various features at each stage. At the same time, it thoroughly examined the system's structure and decoration, as well as its changes over time. Second, this paper expanded on its connotations of traditional Chinese culture. Then, a Dou-Gong Brackets Sets is chosen to design a 3D digital simulation game, and the game interface and interactive module are created based on the game design's participation and dissemination. The interface design with Chinese charm, visual function, and simplicity is created using design psychology and emotional design principles. This study evaluates and tests the user experience as well as the effect of cultural and educational communication of the Dou-Gong game, and it confirms that digital communication means play an irreplaceable role and significance in Dou-Gong communication.

ARCHITECTURE OF DECENTRALIZED APPLICATIONS AS PART OF THE DEFI ECOSYSTEM

The functional features of cryptographic technologies in combination with decentralized data registries gave impetus to the development of the segment of decentralized financial assets. Evolutionarily, special decentralized applications were created that ensure the correct operation of the entire DeFi ecosystem. This work is devoted to the study of decentralized applications, since this is the main link of the market of decentralized finance, which provides an interface for the interaction of market subjects. In our work, we study the architecture of decentralized applications in particular detail. In the course of the work, we analyzed the dynamics of the creation of new decentralized applications on the main networks of the ecosystem. We found that most modern applications were created between 2017 and 2019, but new and newer use cases for decentralized applications are constantly emerging. We also identified and outlined the main categories of decentralized application architecture components. We added to the external parts of the architectural components: application developer, blockchain developer, application user, contract user, token user, consensus provider; and internal architectural components: client, smart contract, token, blockchain platform, other platforms. Several examples of the operation of blockchain protocols and the principles of transaction confirmation are in work. We created a detailed diagram of the interaction of all parts of the architecture, as well as subjects participating in the work of applications. We also explained the difference between tokens and coins, as well as accompanying conclusions regarding the practical side of the difference of decentralized assets. We also highlighted several features of the functioning of parts of the architecture of decentralized applications, in particular, management methods and the organization of interactions between different protocols in the middle of the DeFi ecosystem. We have also made appropriate conclusions on the work.

Genetic dissection of fatty acid components in the Chinese peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) mini-core collection under multi-environments.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important source of edible oil and protein for human nutrition. The quality of peanut seed oil is mainly determined by the composition of fatty acids, especially the contents of oleic acid and linoleic acid. Improving the composition of fatty acids in the seed oil is one of the main objectives for peanut breeding globally. To uncover the genetic basis of fatty acids and broaden the genetic variation in future peanut breeding programs, this study used genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify loci associated with target traits and developed diagnostic marker. The contents of eight fatty acid components of the Chinese peanut mini-core collection were measured under four environments. Using the phenotypic information and over one hundred thousand single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), GWAS were conducted to investigate the genetics basis of fatty acids under multi-environments. Overall, 75 SNPs were identified significant trait associations with fatty acid components. Nineteen associations were repeatedly identified in multiple environments, and 13 loci were co-associated with two or three traits. Three stable major associated loci were identified, including two loci for oleic acid and linoleic acid on chromosome A09 [mean phenotypic variation explained (PVE): 38.5%, 10.35%] and one for stearic acid on B06 (mean PVE: 23%). According to functional annotations, 21 putative candidate genes related to fatty acid biosynthesis were found underlying the three associations. The allelic effect of SNP A09-114690064 showed that the base variation was highly correlated with the phenotypic variation of oleic acid and linoleic acid contents, and a cost-effective Kompetitive allele-Specific PCR (KASP) diagnostic marker was developed. Furthermore, the SNP A09-114690064 was found to change the cis-element CAAT (-) in the promoter of ahFAD2A to YACT (+), leading dozens of times higher expression level. The enhancer-like activity of ahFAD2A promoter was identified that was valuable for enriching the regulation mechanism of ahFAD2A. This study improved our understanding on the genetic architecture of fatty acid components in peanut, and the new effective diagnostic marker would be useful for marker-assisted selection of high-oleic peanut breeding.

THE DECORATIVE SPACE OF AN ANCIENT EGYPTIAN PRIVATE TOMB AS A SIGN SYSTEM

This paper examines the decorative space of the Egyptian tomb of the Old Kingdom as a system of architectural and pictorial components. The comparative historical method was used along with the methods of formal and systematic analyses of material from more than a hundred noble burials. The article states that the main purpose of the Egyptian tomb is to maintain the existence of the Double of its owner, for which the architectural and visual space was formed in a special way. It was identified that the large images of nobles are a complex combination of attribute signs necessary to establish the desired correlation with the adjacent labor scenes. These visual signs (various wigs, wands, staves, vestments, etc.) tend not only to convey the information about the corresponding plot, but also to replace and reproduce it. Thus, in a large image of a nobleman, the main material of the scene placed in front of him is accumulated; such images imply the presence of the corresponding plots nearby, and the Egyptian tomb can be studied from the standpoint of semiotics.

Objective Exploration of the Effects of Architectural Components on Users Spatial Evaluation: A Neuroimaging Approach

A review of the studies that have been conducted in the field of architectural evaluation reveals that there is insufficient evidence on objective understanding of how architectural components psychologically affect users. This study draws on advances in neuroscience and aims to objectively examine the neurological process of spatial evaluation to create a pleasant environment for users. Research has used quantitative and experimental methods such as surveys and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). To observe the brain’s neural responses and to understand how it works when users evaluate architectural spaces, 36 participants’ brains were scanned with an MRI scanner. In addition, 250 volunteers were asked to participate in a survey experiment to determine the contribution of each sensational and perceptional component to the users’ spatial evaluation. The results showed that the spatial experience of architecture is involved in the brain’s regional, emotional, perceptual, beauty judgment, and evaluation system. Also, the results revealed that pleasant spaces contribute much better to architectural design than unpleasant spaces due to higher attention and memory effects. Furthermore, the results showed that the texture and geometry have a greater ability to produce a pleasant and unpleasant sensation and perception. The high number of patients referred to the radiology polyclinic during the week posed serious problems for the researcher in renting an fMRI scanner and performing the imaging. It is expected that incorporating neuroscience findings into an architectural experience in the form of data can create new perspectives and solutions for qualified architectural design that addresses users’ psychological responses and considers their environmental behavior and satisfaction.

Arquitectura de consolidación de la información para seguros de la salud mediante Big Data

La identificación de los datos que están en varias fuentes de información y su consolidación para entregarla como útil se logra con Big Data. El objetivo general de este trabajo es desarrollar un diseño de arquitectura de consolidación de la información para seguros de la salud mediante Big Data. Para esta propuesta de investigación se utiliza el método empírico analítico, de tipo cuasi experimental con enfoque cuantitativo, mediante el análisis de referencias relevantes y especificación de los componentes de la arquitectura. Los resultados de esta investigación permiten categorizar diferentes arquitecturas computacionales para seguros de la salud mediante una revisión de literatura relevante, desarrollar un modelo de arquitectura de un sistema computacional para una empresa ecuatoriana de seguros de salud orientado a la consolidación de la información, y evaluar la metodología de estudio utilizada para establecer factores viables del modelo. El aporte de este trabajo permite determinar la aplicabilidad del modelo a empresas de seguros de salud nacionales o extranjeras mediante la contrastación de factores viables en una empresa específica del medio. Se concluye que las distintas fuentes de información o tipos de datos utilizados en el ámbito de los seguros de salud permiten conocer varias aristas del análisis de datos a través de una arquitectura en Big Data, además de obtener indicadores para mejorar la toma de decisiones; el 73% de los factores establecidos son viables en una empresa ecuatoriana de seguros de salud.

PROG1 acts upstream of LAZY1 to regulate rice tiller angle as a repressor

Rice tiller angle, as a component of plant architecture, affects rice grain yield via plant density. However, the molecular mechanism underlying rice tiller angle remains elusive. We report that the key domestication gene PROSTRATE GROWTH 1 (PROG1) controls rice tiller angle by regulating shoot gravitropism and LAZY1 (LA1)-mediated asymmetric distribution of auxin. Acting as a transcriptional repressor, PROG1 negatively regulates the expression of LA1 in light-grown rice seedlings. Overexpression of LA1 partially rescued the larger tiller angle of the PROG1 complementation transgenic plant (prog1-D). Double-mutant analysis showed that PROG1 acts upstream of LA1 to regulate shoot gravitropism and tiller angle. Mutation of Suppressors of lazy1 (SOL1), encoding DWARF3 (D3) acting in the strigolactone signal pathway, suppressed the large tiller angle of prog1-D by rescuing the transcription of LA1. The discovery of a light-sensitive PROG1-LA1 transcription regulatory module controlling rice shoot gravitropism and tiller angle sheds light on the genetic control of rice tiller angle.

Automation of cost control process in construction project building information modeling (BIM)

This research is carried out to investigate the critical role of BIM technology in estimating the construction project cost with higher accuracy than the manual method of budget evaluation. A construction project case study is selected, presenting a commercial complex in Al-Anbar, Al-Ramadi, Iraq. A comparative analysis is conducted to compare the accuracy of the REVIT software (BIM technology) with the manual calculation method. The major research findings revealed that using the BIM technology via the REVIT software provided a more effective approach and practicality than manual calculations of steel, concrete, and other architectural components. In addition, the findings confirmed that the accuracy of cost estimation using BIM technology via REVIT software is better than manual calculations. The reason is the elimination of human errors during the calculations process. Thus, accurate results can be obtained from the REVIT software. Also, the research outputs indicated that using the BIM technology can save much time, effort, and cost needed to calculate the cost of the construction project compared to the manual cost estimation of the construction project.

Roof Color as a Factor of Architectural Landscape Design

For many centuries, the settlements had a fairly uniform image, which was the result of the use of local materials, technology and the economic condition of the population. With the development of the construction profession and the improvement of material conditions, building materials and construction technology also began to change, the market supply has diversified, which led to changes in the appearance of buildings. The roof, also known as the fifth facade, affects to the external image of the settlement. According to Fister et al., the design of roofs and their colour (roofing) are among the most recognizable components of architecture as criteria for the identity of architectural landscapes. The roof changes were the most drastic in the last 150 years. As the covering changed, so did the colour. The development of roofs in Slovenia with an emphasis on the key influencers of the development is presented in the paper. We limited ourselves to individual houses as carriers of the landscape's architectural identity. We compared the colour of the roofs on a sample of over 700 houses in the architectural region Savinjsko-Kozjansko, which data were obtained as part of the research project V5-2111: Architectural typologies and architectural landscapes and regions of Slovenia. We compared the obtained data with the requirements of spatial plans of municipalities and the characteristics described by Fister et al. The results showed the differences between the situation 30 years ago, the requirements of spatial acts and the current situation. Although the research involved a small sample, we can conclude that the situation is similar in most Slovenian places. The obtained results enable a broader view of this problem and open the possibility of appropriate action. Settlements that are recognized for their high-quality settlement architecture are shown as examples of excellent practice.

A Novel Degraded Document Binarization Model through Vision Transformer Network

Degraded document binarization has received keen attention due to its vital influence on subsequent document analysis tasks. In this study, we propose a novel Degraded Document Binarization model through the vision transFormer framework, termed D2BFormer. Thanks to its end-to-end trainable fashion, the D2BFormer model is able to autonomously optimize its parameterized configuration of the entire learning pipeline without incurring the intensity-to-binary value conversion phase, resulting in an improved binarization quality. In addition, we propose a novel dual-branched encoding feature fusion module, which combines architectural components from the vision transformer framework and deep convolutional neural networks. The resulting encoding module can extract features from an input document that are sensitive to both global and local characteristics. Meanwhile, the proposed encoding feature extraction module can operate internally at a much lower spatial resolution than that of a raw input document, leading to reduced computational complexity. Furthermore, we propose a novel progressively merged decoding feature fusion module through carefully introduced skip connections both inside and outside the decoding network. The resulting decoding module progressively combines counterpart features derived from the corresponding layers of the encoding network with comparable spatial resolutions and up-sampled features generated from previous layers in the decoding network. Finally, the experiments conducted on ten public datasets demonstrate that the proposed D2BFormer model gains promising performance in terms of four metrics.