Architectonic Project Research Articles

Musical Architectonics: A Methodological Aspect

The importance and functions of musical architectonics in the creative process of a composer and performer are considered in the paper. The conceptual basis of the work is the definition of musical architectonics and classification of its types by V. Moskalenko. Specific features of musical architectonics compared to musical composition are revealed. The functions of architectonics in the musical-creative process of a composer and performer are defined. A method of studying the architectonics of a musical work is proposed. It consists of the study of indirect data, the features of musical material, the definition of the basic composition model and the dramatic relief of the work. It is emphasized that musical tempo-rhythm is an important means of materializing the “virtual” image of architectonics. In the sheet music, the composer fixed a certain tempo-rhythmic solution that clarifies the architectonic project of the work. Performers embody it in different ways, so the comparative analysis of performance versions is of particular importance. By identifying the differences in tempo-rhythmic solutions, the composer’s architectonic project is clarified, and the artistic potential of the musical work is revealed. Musical architectonics is an indicator of the composer’s and performer’s styles.

Problemas patológicos - Estudo de caso na Escola Estadual Antônio Papini em João Monlevade/MG

As etapas que englobam o ciclo de vida de uma construção, como um bom planejamento das atividades, aliados a projetos detalhados, que sejam fielmente seguidos com excelência e qualidade durante a execução, além das manutenções programadas na fase de uso, podem contribuir positivamente para que esse ciclo se cumpra ou se prolongue. Este artigo tem por objetivo, apresentar um estudo de caso sobre manifestações patológicas voltadas para o processo de fissuração em paredes de alvenaria e no sistema de pisos, com aberturas medianas, ocorridas em algumas salas de aula e no piso da biblioteca da Escola Estadual Antônio Papini, na cidade de João Monlevade - MG. Durante o processo analisou-se as manifestações patológicas no que diz respeito aos sintomas, origens, mecanismos, causas e por fim, na definição da melhor conduta para reparo. Este estudo, apoiou-se em dados disponíveis na literatura, que nortearam as classificações patológicas, bem como as definições de conduta, além da busca e acesso aos projetos arquitetônicos, vistorias ao local, relatório fotográfico e reprodução gráfica dos ambientes, para comparar as circunstâncias e elucidar as tomadas de decisões. Os resultados obtidos após o estudo de caso são contemplados no corpo do trabalho. A relevância deste estudo está no levantamento de manifestações patológicas em uma escola pública da cidade, e suas possíveis interferências no desempenho global da edificação.

Przekształcenia gdańskich obiektów zabytkowych w pierwszej połowie XIX w. w kontekście rodzącej się myśli konserwatorskiej

The article discusses modifications in antique structures of Gdańsk in the first half of the 19th century. The exact time frame for the phenomenon explored is marked by the seizure of the city by the Kingdom of Prussia as a result of the Second Partition of Poland in 1793, and the early 1860s. It was a highly difficult period in the history of Gdańsk. Terrible economic situation resulted in an extremely small number of new, important architectonic projects being implemented. Instead, the authorities began adapting old buildings to new needs, often not without significant alterations. Other major modifications to historic structures were introduced in the course of repairs and reconstructions of deteriorated and war-damaged buildings.
 The first half of the 19th century is a time which saw a substantial change in the perception of historic sites and their value. The article highlights the occurrence of this process in Gdańsk. Reconstructions involving classicist stylistic forms, which gave way to the coexistence of old and new formal marks, as well as later ones, introduced in the course of regothicisation, characterised by aiming at stylistic cohesion are examined.
 The modifications extended to many of Gdańsk’s most important historic buildings. Architects such as Karl Friedrich Schinkel or Friedrich August Stüler were involved in the discussed process. The number and extent of undertaken redevelopments indicates that they constitute a significant aspect of the 19th-century Gdańsk architecture.

Construir en lo construido

El workshop que se realiza anualmente entre la Facultad de Arquitectura, Planeamiento y Diseño y la Bauhaus Universitat de Weimar fue el marco en el que se desarrolló esta conversación que recorre la práctica profesional y el trabajo académico que lleva adelante José Gutiérrez Márquez. Su formación en Rosario, Venecia y Berlín; su experiencia docente en escuelas alemanas, entre ellas la Bauhaus; su investigación con las metáforas como instrumento para sintetizar y conceptualizar estrategias arquitectónicas, son algunas de las paradas obligatorias por las que se transita. Asimismo se repasa su práctica profesional a través de las experiencias del estudio Bruno–Fioretti–Márquez architekten con sede en Berlín, del cual es fundador y con el que se ha destacado por su rigurosidad tecnológica y su experiencia en el reciclaje. Sus obras, casi en su totalidad obtenidas por concursos de arquitectura, han recibido numerosos premios y distinciones a nivel internacional. El arquitecto Gutiérrez Márquez transmite con pasión su capacidad para adquirir múltiples conocimientos, capitalizar experiencias en contextos estrictos y exigentes y condensarlos acertadamente en sus proyectos de arquitectura.

MÉTODO DE INSPEÇÃO SISTEMÁTICO DE USABILIDADE UNIVERSAL NA ARQUITETURA: ESTUDO DE CASO COM AVALIAÇÃO HEURÍSTICA MODIFICADA

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de um estudo de caso com avaliaçao através do método baseado em heurísticas modificado em conformaçao aos princípios do Desenho Universal, em Centro Comercial Planejado. O objetivo principal é analisar o potencial de aplicaçao da avaliaçao heurística modificada como método de inspeçao de usabilidade universal, aliada ao percurso pluralístico. A avaliaçao apresenta tres sessoes subsequentes: (1) pré-entrevista, em que cinco avaliadores especialistas interdisciplinares analisam os projetos arquitetônicos do Centro Comercial Planejado em relaçao aos princípios do Desenho Universal e acessibilidade espacial e preenchem formulário de entrevista estruturada; (2) atividades em cenários, em que cada avaliador responde novamente o formulário no desenvolvimento de atividades pré-definidas; e (3) pós-entrevista, em que os formulários foram novamente respondidos através de reanálise dos projetos arquitetônicos. Como resultado, foi identificado que a avaliaçao heurística modificada pode integrar com eficácia a avaliaçao de projeto antes do fato e na avaliaçao pós-ocupaçao, produzindo interaçao entre análise de projeto arquitetônico e o uso do espaço. Assim sendo, destaca-se a necessidade de estudos mais aprofundados sobre usabilidade universal e seu uso na concepçao de ambientes inclusivos. Esta pesquisa mostrou-se como etapa inicial para a avaliaçao de usabilidade universal na arquitetura e recomenda testes aplicados ao contexto arquitetônico, pois salientam a relevância de análise de elementos interdependentes no ambiente construído e devem ser integrados ao processo de projeto universal.

Improvement and expiration of social benefit architectonic projects in Medellin, Colombia and Monterrey, México

Since the decade of 1990, looking for presenting positive impacts in communities where they serve, some Latin American governments have implemented urban-architectonic projects. These projects have been framed under the notion of social urbanism, coming from Medellin, Colombia. The theoretical scheme of this work focus on urban-architectonic strategies designed for solving social problems in Latinamerican conflicting neighborhoods, using the Social Integration and Citizen Participation operative concepts. Our methodology includes the analysis of strategies that in a certain moment had a social improvement intention, for determining if they really have been successful or if during the time they present tendencies to fail. In other words, we are interested for knowing if with the time passage the projects become important part of the inhabitants’ daily life. The main objective of this research is to show the effects of the Biblioteca Parque Espana in Medellin, Colombia, and the Centro Comunitario Bicentenario Independencia in Monterrey, Mexico in the population. Both projects are important for understanding the social benefit intentions in Latin America, since the architecture and urbanism interventions. In this sense, we analyze the political context that allowed the existence of these projects, the perception of the users of these facilities, as well as the property feeling that these equipments have generated in those who live in surrounding areas. Between the findings we emphasize that, although the project is located in an area that traditionally is classified as conflicting, its influence can transfer the proximity barriers, or even become an attraction center. Also, we remark that if the strategy is not accompanied by social programs and from the real estate control, it can derive in the phenomenon known like gentrification.

Application of ISO 15686 to estimate service life of a dome built with adobe technology in the city of Toluca, Mexico

This paper focuses only on the application of a methodology used to estimate the service life of any constructed asset, in this case as an example about an architectonic project of a dome designed with adobe technology in the city of Toluca, Mexico, based on the method ISO 15686 (ISO, 2000). The service life of the project was estimated via seven factors. The results show that the final value is a quantitative but also a qualitative estimation is presented, therefore, this method is not perfect; however, this methodology could be helpful to the shallow, rapid and rough estimate of the service life of a building or building components that are required to be designed and constructed. This method could be very useful to architects, builders, civil engineers and developers for decision-making in the early stages of architectonic design, particularly in the planning of the building and pre-design phases.

RoSunLand: A Sustainable Self-Construction Village for Emigrant African Workers in Italy

The paper regards a research, aimed to purpose an architectonic project to realize a self-construction village in a farming town, Rosarno, located in Calabria, that is the southernmost Italian region. The project is purposed in alternative to a temporary camp, realized by the army, after a the revolt of many African emigrants, who live in this area and work in the oranges plantations with scarce protection of their rights and forced to live inside old abandoned industrial buildings. The protest, determined by inhuman life and working conditions of these young Africans, however, did not find an appropriate solution by governative institutions, which have built a refugee camp in order to receive, but also to control them, relegating them away from the city. Our project proposal, RoSunLand, wants to be an alternative solution, capable to be expression of a culture, which accepts diversity as a humanizing wealth and to remind that work is one of most relevant social means to achieve dignity.

Derivas urbanas: la ciudad extrañada

Architecture doesn’t only build places with steel, timber, concrete or glass, but also with action and gaze. Through drifts carried out in different cities, different ways of understanding urban reality are established. These ways are often buried under the dominant representations of the city. Building documents that show the city from tangential points of view, related to subjective views and particular experiences, is beyond a mere representation exercise. The urban drift maps shown in this article reveal intense links with the city through action, resulting in new urban visions. New ways of perceiving the city pave new ways of understanding the rich urban reality, which at the same time open new ways of transforming it from the architectonic project. The ultimate purpose of the presented drifts is that of opening up to the richness of the city in order to uncover numerous meaningful levels that suggest new ways of transforming the city.

El poder escrito: problemáticas y significación de las inscripciones árabes de los palacios de Pedro I de Castilla (1350-1369)

Peter I’s use of Arabic inscriptions lies within the scope of a wider architectonic project which draws its inspiration straight from patterns inherited from al-Andalus –as shown by Antonio Almagro Gorbea y Juan Carlos Ruiz Souza– and raises a series of questions. Indeed, the assimilation by a Christian king of Islamic codes representative of power leads us to think about the meaning and the function of these inscriptions since epigraphy is closely related to Islam and the Koranic message. Moreover, it raises the problem of the reception of a language different from that which is commonly used by the originator of the inscriptions and his environment. We will try to show, from various angles, how the symbolical value of these Arabic inscriptions can serve the king’s attempts of reinforcing his political power in Castile: through the general effect they are intended to produce on the reader, through the ideological content of the epigraphic discourse and through the discursive act itself, i.e. the mere fact of resorting to Arabic epigraphy.

Tiermes Cultural Lab: Excavation, Conservation and Musealization of the Archaeological Site of Tiermes (Soria, Spain)

The intent of this paper is to explain the excavation, the renovation and the valorization intervention of the forum complex in the archeological area of Tiermes, located in the south east of Soria province (Spain).This intervention has been made by a multidisciplinary expert group as part of the project “Tiermes: Cultural Lab”, whose activity, after the problems diagnosis, has consisted in an intervention of consolidation and protection of the ruins, as well as an architectonic project to improving the accessibility and the integration of the archeological remains with the uniqueness of Tiermes landscape.

Mitos e verdades sobre o brise-soleil: da estética à eficiência energética

This paper discusses the aesthetic and energy efficiency dimensions of solar protection devices in order to demystify the metaphoric transposition of the brise-soleil as a heavy element in building composition. For this purpose, basic concepts of brise-soleil energy efficiency are presented. The paper is divided into four parts: initially, the evolution of solar protection systems is shown. Then the aesthetic dimension of solar protection systems is characterized. It is noted that there is a close relationship between the appreciation of the shape of solar protection devices and the emphasis on the dimension of technology in architecture. In the third part of the paper, basics concepts of energy efficiency are discussed and a case study of a hotel in Pelotas (RS, Brazil) is presented. Finally, some considerations emphasize the need for appreciating the aesthetic and energy dimensions of solar protection devices in the development of architectonic projects. Key words: solar protection, brise-soleil, energy efficiency and aesthetics.

Le Ferrovie e la costruzione dell'Italia Unita

The making of the Italian unification is strictly connected to the history of railways. Some lines were born few years after the invention of the train, starting with the Napoli-Portici line (1839). There were short and separated sections built independently by each State. Milano- Venezia was the first big railway built in the peninsula, within the Lombard-Veneto Reign belonging to the Austrian Empire. The improvements of railways in Europe were an indicator of rapid advance of land ways of communication but, at the same time, they enhanced the backwardness of the Italian situation. However, the idea of unification of the peninsula, at least territorial, to be accomplished by a network of railways, was borning for the most far-seeing minds: the matter of railways during the Risorgimento dealt with the creation of the national conscience. The project for a national network of railways started after the overcoming of the divisions in different states that led to the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy. From 1861 to 1865 the constructive effort was considerable. The important line Bologna-Ancona-Foggia, the Roma-Napoli via Cassino, the Roma-Orte-Ancona and the “Porrettana” from Bologna to Firenze were led to the end. Especially important was the period between 1865 and 1885. In 1865 was promulgated the law for the administrative unification of the Kingdom to give an order to railways and, in the same year, the network was divided between four big societies. After the creation of the spine of the country, was the turn of Alps. The first big tunnel was realized in that period: the Cenisio tunnel (finished in 1871). In 1884 the Gottardo tunnel was created, while the Sempione tunnel would have become effective in 1906. Meanwhile the creation of more than 6000 km of secondary railways was financed. The government reorganized in 1885 the Italian railways: the lines were concentrated in two networks disposed lengthwise in the peninsula. The Conventions had a sixty years long duration divided into three periods of twenty years: the cancellation of contracts was possible at the end of each period. In 1905, the first deadline, the management of railways was adopted by a single State company. Further interesting things as events concerning steam locomotives, carriages and train stations are connected with the development of the infrastructure. Small and medium-sized train stations laid down in an unique model in the whole nation created a common visual language. Big cities stations designed as architectonic projects that started to be part of urban scenography, intensified on the symbolic plane the role of unification and develop accomplished by railways.

Home, Capital of the Region

Home, Capital of the Region

Diseño y gestión de la vivienda social

Since 1993, we have been conducting investigations on the quality of the social housing, focusing on the premature aging and rehabilitation, and maintenance of the houses and its surroundings. The central objects of the study, the building performance, consists of evaluating the constructive quality, the different ways of administrative management, and its effects in the dynamics of use and conservation of the buildings, in order to design for a maintenance possible that it allows to conserve the constructed houses and the future projects. This will allow to describe systematically the component elements of the buildings and to release its faults by specific disciplines, establishing the minimum criteria of performance to consider in the project, construction, use and maintenance of the habitat. Those architectonic project that does not preview suitable ways of management will negatively blas the performance of the social housing, diminish its conditions of habitability and security, and shorten its life utility. Thus, the elevated budgets of honoraria and pays destined to the administrative management, in damage of the investments in medium repair and prevention constitutes one of the reasons generating building premature aging. The lack of a sustainable relation between the architectonic organization and the administrative organization go against the effectiveness of the management, accentuated by ambiguous norms of operation. Today, the necessity to reduce maintenance costs, demands for offering what is possible within reach of the customer, throughout the life cycle of the building.

O hospital-empresa: do planejamento à conquista do mercado

Os autores examinam os diferentes momentos que envolvem a preparação e a posterior atividade do hospital, que precisa ser administrado de maneira profissional-empresarial para que possa ser bem-sucedido. Na fase de planejamento, importa desenvolver adequada pesquisa de mercado, para delinear um projeto que responda às necessidades e às expectativas assistenciais. A seguir, deve ser desenvolvido o estudo de viabilidade econômico-financeira do empreendimento, com base em elementos realistas, para não permitir falsas conclusões. Só então se passa ao desenvolvimento dos projetos arquitetônico, de instalações, organizacionais e de informática, chegando-se à construção do hospital. Já antes de sua inauguração, deve ter início o trabalho de divulgação, no seio do público-alvo, do novo empreendimento assistencial, marcando o começo de um esforço mercadológico ininterrupto, destinado à conquista do mercado e à expansão do segmento conquistado.

Dados antropométricos de pré-escolares da cidade de São Paulo

An anthropometric data bank can be very useful to architectonic projects and industrial design adjustment. School spaces and furniture could be better projected if children's anthropometric information were avaiable. This study has determined anthropometric measures in 400 male and female children attending public City preschools in Sao Paulo (SP, Brazil), in age groups 4-5, 5-6, and 6-7 years old. Standard deviation and percentiles 5%, 50%, 95% were determined for each measurement and the results were compared with those of same-age English children; Brasilian children.s measures were also compared to measurements made in seat-and-table kits found in one of the preschools, showing sharp inadequacy of furniture.

Correlação entre o microclima e a configuração do espaço residencial de Brasília

Brasília comemora 20 anos como cidade Patrimônio da HUmanidade com um alerta sobre o conforto e a sustentabilidade nas superquadras do Plano Piloto. Sob a ótica da sustentabilidade do espaço público, foram analisadas, no âmbito do Projeto CNPq/FAU/UNB "Urbanismo sustentável para reabilitação de áreas degradadas", quarenta e duas (42) superquadras, vinte e duas (22) na Asa Norte e vinte (20) na Asa Sul, das 120 existentes. A partir do exame do desempenho das estruturas urbanas e da relação entre os atributos do espaço urbano e o microclima, especialmente a relação W/H e os cânions urbanos, detectamos, a partir dos dados obtidos por medições e simulações, a formação de ilha de calor no espaço residencial. Os edifícios construídos a partir dos anos 90 estão alterando o microclima local. Edifícios mais largos, a descaracterização dos pilotis, a presença de apartamentos não vazados, de sacadas fechadas, a falta de brises, as fachadas espelhadas, e as ávores ornamentais que não fornecem sombra, todos eles elementos permitidos por lei, prejudicam o fluxo do vento e aumentam temperatura do ar.