Archipelagic Country Research Articles

CONSTRUCTION OF BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT INDEX AT THE PROVINCIAL LEVEL IN INDONESIA USING EXPLORATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS

Indonesia, as an archipelagic country, holds marine resources of significant economic value in improving the welfare of its people. However, the community's use of marine resources does not pay attention to sustainability. The government then uses the Blue Economy concept to maximize the economic value obtained while maintaining the sustainability of the marine ecosystem through national policies and plans. In realizing blue economy development, enabler factors, such as technology and government governance, have an important role. This research aims to construct a Blue Economy Development Index (IPEB) at the provincial level in Indonesia in 2021, including enabler factors for blue economy development. The analytical method used is Exploratory Factor Analysis. The results show that the distribution of the minimum values for the indicators that make up the IPEB is found in the provinces of the Eastern Region of Indonesia. In contrast, the distribution of the maximum values of the indicators is found in the provinces of the Western Region of Indonesia. The province with the highest IPEB score is South Sulawesi, while the lowest is Central Sulawesi. The limitation of this study is the data derived from the Village Potential Survey (Potensi Desa) data collection, so several variables are not yet available in annual time. The results of this study are important in improving the ability to monitor implementation and assist in decision-making in increasing blue economic development, especially at the provincial level.

Kajian Dampak Penerapan Pendidikan Kewirausahaan dan Edupreneurship kepada Peserta Didik Tingkat SMA Sederajat

Indonesia is an archipelagic country with a lot of potential that can be developed. Ironically, with all the natural wealth it possesses, it has yet to produce anything meaningful, especially for the advancement of the economic sector. Unfortunately, that progress has not been felt evenly by the Indonesian people. A study conducted by the International Institute for Management Development (IMD) states that Indonesia still has significant deficiencies in investment levels and talent development. This is also considered one of the reasons for the lack of competitiveness of human resources in Indonesia. Schools, as educational institutions, are required to provide education that can enhance the quality of their graduates so that they can become high-quality future employees. The method in the research uses a systematic literature review, which involves a systematic literature review aimed at collecting secondary data in the form of scientific works, journals, and other relevant sources. The research results show that edupreneurship is important to implement because it has a positive impact on the development of students, particularly their skills as entrepreneurs. The development includes progress in activity, enthusiasm in participating in learning activities, and presenting innovative and creative ideas in entrepreneurship. Students also experience an increase in self-confidence, followed by the emergence of task- and result-oriented skills, a willingness to take risks, and the development of leadership qualities in students.

Evaluation of the Minimum Essential Force Program on the Independence of the Indonesian Defense Industry

Indonesia as a strategic archipelagic country in Southeast Asia requires an independent defense industry to maintain national sovereignty and security. The government through the Ministry of Defense initiated the Minimum Essential Force (MEF) Program in 2010 to build adequate defense forces, encourage transfer of technology, increase production capacity, and develop human resources in the defense sector. This research evaluates the achievements of the MEF Program in increasing the independence of the Indonesian defense industry using the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) evaluation model. This research uses a qualitative descriptive analytical approach, examining the implementation and impact of the MEF policy. Evaluation of the context, planning and implementation, implementation process, and results and impacts show that despite challenges such as budget constraints and dependence on foreign industries, the MEF policy has increased the capacity of the domestic defense industry. An example of success is PT PAL which produces various types of defense equipment through a transfer of technology scheme and government support. The conclusion of this research emphasizes the importance of synergy between the government, defense industry, and research institutions to achieve sustainable defense industry independence and increase domestic production capabilities.

GAPS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GOVERNMENT-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS (PPP) IN INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT

Infrastructure is one of the most important pillars in the development of a civilization, especially for archipelagic countries like Indonesia, which faces unique geographical challenges. The gap in the implementation of Government and Business Entity Cooperation (KPBU) in infrastructure development in Indonesia has become an increasingly pressing issue to address. This research discusses the importance of regulatory renewal in Government-Private Partnerships (PPP) to address existing gaps. The research utilized various data sources, including legislative texts, government regulations, legal documents, and policy papers relevant to PPP in Indonesia. The analytical approach allowed for a deeper exploration of the dynamics and implications of the existing regulations, focusing on their effectiveness and applicability in real-world scenarios. The author was able to articulate the challenges faced in the application of PPP regulations and propose targeted recommendations for regulatory renewal and improvement. This study could involve comparative analyses of best practices in regulatory frameworks from other countries that have successfully addressed similar infrastructure challenges, providing valuable insights for the Indonesian context. Ultimately, this research could contribute to creating a more responsive and adaptive regulatory framework that supports sustainable and equitable infrastructure solutions in Indonesia, ensuring that the needs of society are met while fostering a conducive environment for investment.

Aspek Pidana Pelaksanaan Tugas Pemandu Lalu Lintas Penerbangan Dalam Kecelakaan Pesawat udara

As an archipelagic country, Indonesia is a country that is suitable for air transportation because it can connect all parts of Indonesia. With the large number of aircraft carrying out transportation, of course it will be very dangerous if there is no one to direct the pilots so that they can fly safely to their destinations, this is where the role of flight traffic guides becomes crucial. However, it is possible for flight traffic guides to commit criminal acts so that there are arrangements regarding the accountability of flight traffic guides regulated in the Criminal Code in Articles 470g, 470m, and 470o and also regulated in the Aviation Law in Articles 437 and 439, but regulations regarding The legal subject in the article is still general and not specific because it still uses the legal subject "whoever" and "everyone. However, if the officer is proven to have made a mistake or negligence that endangers the aircraft, of course the relevant officer can be held criminally responsible and may be subject to criminal charges. penalty.

Culturally Responsive Teaching Pemahaman Budaya pada Pembelajaran Teks Hikayat

Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country that has cultural diversity, both ethnicity, language, and religion. This diversity can be used as capital for integrating and understanding culture in the education system. In essence, education is the right of every Indonesian citizen, so that the learning process is expected to be carried out according to the interests, talents, and cultural background of each student. Such a learning process aims to equalize the cultural position of students and not create gaps or discrimination in each student. Thus, researchers were moved to apply the Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) approach for cultural understanding in learning saga texts with the subjects of grade X students at Semarang city high school. This approach is a learning approach that can be adapted to the cultural background of students. Learning with this approach is expected to introduce each other's culture between students so that cultural understanding can be produced without gaps and a sense of discrimination. Therefore, learning with this approach will create a safe and comfortable learning environment for each individual, especially in learning class X saga texts at Semarang city high school.

Analysis of ship collision accidents in Indonesia using fault tree analysis (FTA) method

Abstract As an archipelagic country with emerging economies, maritime transportation has significantly contributed to the Indonesian economy by ensuring the fullness of domestic demand for goods and services, accelerating annually. However, with the increase in sea traffic, the probability of collision accidents may also grow, posing non-negligible risks to individuals and society in various aspects. Considering this condition, this paper assesses and evaluates past maritime collision accidents in Indonesia to observe and analyze the tendency of factors contributing to collision accidents. The analysis was conducted using the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) method, qualitative and quantitative, on data obtained from the collision investigation report in the last 20 years. The qualitative approach is used to propose the minimal cut set, and the quantitative analysis is conducted to estimate the probability. Based on the obtained probability and the produced cut set diagram, the conclusion states that human-related factors contribute to the top even occurrence at most, implying that the human factor is the most contributing factor to collisions. Those factors include the lack of training, lack of experience, and improper decisions.

Air quality monitoring and assessment based on AIS data

Abstract Indonesia is an archipelagic country, where sea transportation is highly needed to connect the islands among Indonesian regions. Indonesian waters are also passed by international shipping passing through the Indonesia Archipelagic Sea Lane. Number of ships tends to increase by increasing the economic activities in Indonesia. The increasing number of ships will potentially cause the increase of air pollution in Indonesia waters. AIS consortium has been established since 2020 focusing on conducting join research and development on several issues that can be solved using Automatic Identification System (AIS) data gathered from AIS devices that have been installed in several universities as members of the consortium. One potential use of AIS data is the estimation of capacity and spreading of air pollution caused by shipping activities in Indonesia waters. As AIS can provide ship’s navigation status time-to-time, the estimation of fuel consumption as well as the emission can be estimated in real time. For highly accusation fuel oil consumption prediction is done by using the Random Forest Model and ship emissions including CO2, NO2, SO2, PM2.5, and PM10 are estimated based on emission factors from ships. This analysis is mapping the contribution of air pollution based on ship type in the Tanjung Perak port area. Later, it is expected to become the basis for Indonesia’s maritime operation policy in order to monitor and control the emission contributed by the ships in Indonesian waters.

Knowledge Mapping and Trend Analysis of Disaster Mitigation Research in the Sulawesi Islands of Indonesia: A Bibliometric Study Using VOSviewer

Indonesia, as an archipelagic country located on the Pacific Ring of Fire, faces a high risk of natural disasters, including earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions. Sulawesi Island, which frequently experiences disasters, is the focus of this research to analyze trends and map knowledge related to disaster mitigation. The aim of this research is to highlight the effectiveness of existing mitigation strategies and identify areas that require further attention. The method used is bibliometric analysis with VOSviewer software, using Publish or Perish 8, of key terms in scientific literature. Data includes articles published between 2019 and 2024, with strict inclusion criteria to ensure relevance to disaster mitigation in Sulawesi. Research findings show that the four main types of disasters are floods, landslides, volcanic eruptions and tsunamis. disaster mitigation in Sulawesi. In addition, there is a lack of knowledge and implementation of sustainable mitigation strategies, as well as the need for active involvement of local communities in mitigation programs. The implications of this research emphasize the importance of evaluating existing disaster mitigation programs and more effective development policies, which can increase community preparedness and resilience to disasters. It is hoped that this research can make a significant contribution to efforts to reduce disaster risk in the region, as well as encourage collaboration between government, institutions and society in improving disaster mitigation.

Handling security and terrorism issues in developing the tourism sector through ecotourism policies on small islands in Makassar City, Indonesia

One of Indonesia’s main characteristics of tourism development is maritime tourism, which is synonymous with archipelagic countries. The diversity of maritime tourism offered by Indonesia will never end, so it needs to be considered more carefully and used relevantly to create sustainable tourism in Indonesia that provides broad benefits for the country. Many maritime tourism locations in Indonesia are beautiful but require more active promotion. The level of security and terrorism issues are a requirement that the government must consider. The novelty of this research describes the potential ecotourism development in the town of Makassar that stakeholders should consider in the formation of tourism policy. The research locations are in Makassar City, Samalona Island, Langkai Island, and Lanjukang Island. Ecotourism developed in the coastal areas of Makassar City, especially in Samalona, Lanjukang, and Langkai Islands, produces superior objects that collaborate elements of nature and society as the main attraction in the long term. Therefore, local governments need to strengthen monitoring of regional geopolitical developments in order to avoid security and terrorism problems that might cause inconvenience to tourists.

Exploring Indonesian coastal communities' responses to the 2019 Ambon earthquake and preparedness for future disasters

Since the seventeenth century, megathrust earthquakes and tsunamis have been recorded in Maluku Province, Indonesia. Most of Maluku's communities live on alluvial soils where tsunamis have occurred on active seismic paths, which will negatively impact them during disasters. Therefore, learning from past communities' responses and experiences is vital to decrease the risk associated with potential future disasters. However, studies about Indonesian coastal communities’ seismic responses and preparedness at the grassroots level, particularly in Maluku Province, have yet to be done. Thirty survivors of the Mw 6.5 Ambon earthquake in 2019 with over a thousand aftershocks, living in the three coastal villages on Ambon Island, were selected as respondents in the semi-structured interviews. The research results showed that the survivors had various responses to the earthquake and its aftershocks. Religious belief was a critical factor for their capability to respond to calamities, besides social support that has helped them survive. The 2019 earthquake has also enhanced their creativity, engagement, and participation. Some disaster preparedness gaps still exist, although their experiences have taught them to be more aware and prepared for future disasters. These problematic gaps are the availability of early warning systems, public education and information, risk transfer capability, protection development, humanitarian aid protocols and procedures, and health recovery. With its crucial recommendations, this study strengthens disaster governance in archipelagic countries like Indonesia and adds to the literature on how coastal communities handle multiple seismic disasters.

Determination of Total Flavonoid Content from Extract and Fractions of Mangrove Leaves (Rhizopora mucronata)

Indonesia is an archipelagic country with a very wide coastal area. Lombok Island has a coastal area with quite extensive mangrove forest areas. Rhizopora mucronata was the most dominant species found in the region. The Rhizopora mucronata species was a plant from the Rhizoporaceae family reported to have antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activity. These biological activities were caused by the presence of secondary metabolite compounds in R. mucronata, one of which is flavonoids. Research regarding the flavonoid content of R. mucronata leaves has not been explored. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the total flavonoid content in extracts and fractions of R. mucronata leaves using the spectrophotometric UV-Vis method. R. mucronata mangrove leaves simplicia were extracted using the sonication method using 96% ethanol solvent, then fractionated using the liquid-liquid extraction method with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water. The percentage yield of 96% ethanol extract, water fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and n-hexane fraction respectively were 42.33%; 43.147%; 40.49%; 9.74%; and 32.49%. The TLC test showed the presence of flavonoid compounds detected in the extract and fractions which were marked with blue spots. The total flavonoid contents in the 96% ethanol extract, water fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and n-hexane fraction were respectively (12,980; 14,160; 23,880; and 25,350) mg Quercetin equivalent/gram sample (mg QE/ g). The total flavonoid content of the extract and fractions of R. mucronata leaves were analyzed using the One-way ANOVA test method. The total flavonoid content in the n-hexane fraction and ethyl acetate fraction was significantly higher than the 96% ethanol extract and water fraction. The total flavonoid content of R. mucronata leaves was relatively high, which contributes to several of its biological activities.

Analisis Teknis dan Keekonomian Sistem Hibrida Pada Pelayanan Kelistrikan Pulau Rhun

Indonesia, as the largest archipelagic country, faces significant challenges in providing consistent electricity to its numerous isolated microgrids, many of which rely on diesel generators. The limited operational hours of these systems hinder economic growth, especially in remote regions like Rhun Island. This research aimed to develop an optimized hybrid power system integrating photovoltaic (PV) panels and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) to extend electricity availability and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Using simulation tools such as PVsyst and HOMER Pro, the study evaluated various configurations to identify the most cost-efficient and sustainable solution. Additionally, Demand Side Management (DSM) strategies, including peak clipping and load shifting, were applied to further optimize the system's performance and reduce operational costs. The findings demonstrated that the hybrid system significantly decreased the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) to $0.431/kWh compared to a diesel-only system. Furthermore, the renewable energy fraction increased to 81.7%, contributing to Indonesia's energy transition goals. This research offers a replicable model for other small islands, promoting sustainable energy solutions and supporting local economic development by ensuring a stable 24-hour power supply. The implications suggest that adopting hybrid systems with DSM can accelerate energy equity and environmental sustainability in remote areas.

Dis-Catchment Areas: The Need for Asymmetric Decentralization in Island Characteristic Areas

This paper aims to answer the call for studies on Indonesia has implemented symmetrical decentralization amidst regional diversity. However, in several areas characterized by islands (dis-catchment), local governments experience difficulties in utilizing their geographic resources efficiently to provide services and encourage development. This research addresses the issue by adapting decentralization policies to the needs of specific regions. It employs a qualitative approach, involving site visits to collect data through interviews, observation, and documentation. The research uses the Spiral model with the help of N-Vivo 12 plus for data analysis. The research results show that services and development in this archipelagic region are not in harmony with its geographical conditions. Services and development tend to be concentrated in government capitals, so these services are expensive and resource-intensive to access in remote areas. Therefore, efforts are needed to reorganize this asymmetrical archipelagic area to better adapt to its unique geographical conditions, especially in an archipelagic country like Indonesia.

Perspective of Fulfilling The Social Needs of Children Affected to The Mountain Semeru Eruption: Qualitative Study

Indonesia is an archipelagic country located at the confluence of four tectonic plates and there are volcanic arcs along the islands of Sumatra-Java-Nusa Tenggara-Sulawesi. This condition causes Indonesia to be in a condition prone to natural disasters, especially volcanic eruptions. Disasters have a more serious impact on vulnerable groups. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect research data. Researchers collected demographic data at the research stage and then conducted direct interviews with research informants through in-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussion. A total of 24 participants were involved in this study which were taken using purposive sampling. The research was conducted on preschool and school aged children (3-12 years) who were affected by the eruption of Mount Semeru in Lumajang Regency, Indonesia. The Mount Semeru eruption disaster resulted in psychological problems in children because peer separation, behavior, and borderline personality disorder have been widely reported in volcanic eruption disasters. Good social support is an important aspect in the process of recovering children after a disaster. Rapid life changes encourage parents to adapt immediately to meet the needs of children.

Mapping the sources and strands of marine debris via particle modelling and In-situ sampling approaches in archipelagic countries

Marine debris (MD) is a global issue that remains unresolved in Indonesia where the accumulation of this kind of pollution poses a significant threat to the marine ecosystem and health of the ocean. Understanding the sources and locations of stranded debris is crucial in identifying the required regulations and mitigation strategies. This study used the hypothetical sources to identify the stranded debris along the coastline of Selayar Island and its surrounding seas. Using a combination of simulation and in-situ sampling methods, the simulation considered 13 hypothetical sources based on external factors such as river locations and surface ocean currents. This simulation result was then validated the simulation against beach litter observations and interview results with people. The results successfully mapped the sources and stranded MD in Selayar Island, indicating that the majority of MD originates from the island itself and the surrounding areas, influenced by oceanographic factors. The most frequently encountered locations of stranded MD are in the western coastal region including tourism areas and coastal ecosystem. Due to the oceanographic conditions, the stranded debris has varied quantities over the months, and higher in December represent the northwest monsoon (NWM) season, exceeding levels observed during the southeast monsoon (SEM). The study also identified that the main sources of debris are from Selayar Island and rivers from surrounding islands. This study also confirmed that oceanographic conditions such as surface ocean currents and wind pattern influenced the spreading of MD in Selayar Island. Due to the different ocean characteristics in different regions, a more detailed understanding and stranded of marine debris source which might provide more information for the explanation of the mechanism of marine debris pathways in Archipelagic Countries.

Digital health divide in Indonesia: evidence from national-level data

Abstract Indonesia is a country in south-east Asia with a diverse population and context underlined by its geographical condition as an archipelagic country. Due to closer proximity to the capital, the Western regions (e.g., provinces in Sumatra and Java islands) are relatively more developed than the central and eastern parts of Indonesia (e.g., Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, and Papua). In the last few years, the country started to embrace digital transformation for public services including the health sector. Accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, a proliferation of digital health services through for example the use of telehealth and health apps is now considered important to improve access and availability of health services, especially among marginalized and hard-to-reach populations. Nonetheless, the difference in access to information and technology infrastructure and services as well as in the level of digital literacy across different regions in Indonesia may perpetuate the existing inequity in access to health services. In 2022, data from the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics showed that the level of internet access in Indonesia’s capital Jakarta has reached 85%, while the level in the eastern part of Indonesia (i.e., Papua) is only 26%. Similarly, the level of internet access in the Western provinces tend to be higher than their Eastern counterparts. Additionally, a survey performed by the Ministry of Communication and Informatics to assess the level of digital literacy in Indonesia shows that 85% out of 10,000 respondents accessed the internet through smartphones. However, almost all respondents encounter problems when accessing the internet, especially regarding network quality which causes unstable and frequent connections disconnected. In addition, the level of digital literacy varies across different regions, with the Western region performing better than other regions (e.g., digital literacy index of 3.64 in Yogyakarta vs 3.55 in Papua in 2022).

Scoping review of marine fisheries governance in the Philippines: Goals, instruments, actions, opportunities and challenges

Effective fisheries governance has long been a challenge to achieve across the globe with critical implications for food security and livelihoods in coastal zones. This is especially true for the Philippines, an archipelagic country with abundant coastal biodiversity. While scholars have investigated specific elements of fisheries governance in the Philippines, none has sought to make holistic sense in terms of the coherence of its goals, instruments, actions, opportunities, and challenges. To address this gap, a scoping review was conducted based upon 160 published articles. Results of the study reveal that marine fisheries governance in the Philippines is primarily dominated by participatory governance, specifically co-management, which encourages public-private partnerships. This collaborative arrangement is legally empowered by legislation that provides the mandate for the decentralization of fisheries governance – the Local Government Code of 1991 and the Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998. Marine fisheries governance is primarily oriented towards biodiversity conservation, an overarching goal necessary to achieve other social, economic, and cultural goals. In order to achieve these goals, a combination of hard and soft instruments is typically employed in governance operations in tandem with, predominantly, surveillance and enforcement actions. Opportunities in fisheries governance are principally institutional factors (i.e. institutional linkages), whereas challenges are mostly resource-oriented factors (i.e. illegal fishing). More broadly, marine fisheries governance in the Philippines has evolved in response to historical political processes and especially the dynamics of power relations among key actors – the state, market and civil society - and the struggle for decolonization.

Analisis Kebijakan Badan Pengelola Perbatasan Daerah Terhadap Permasalahan Illegal Fishing di Wilayah Perbatasan Kepri

This journal analyzes the policies implemented by the Regional Border Management Agency (BPPD) regarding the problem of illegal fishing in the border area of the Riau Islands (KEPRI). Illegal fishing is a serious challenge faced by Indonesia and other archipelagic countries. The results of the analysis show that the BPPD has implemented various policies to address the problem of illegal fishing in the KEPRI border area. These policies include cooperation with related agencies, stricter law enforcement, and strengthening the capacity of local communities in managing marine resources. Based on the results of the analysis, this study recommends the need to strengthen inter-agency collaboration in law enforcement and maritime surveillance in the KEPRI border area. In addition, it is also important to increase public education and awareness about the importance of maintaining the sustainability of marine resources and involve them in the management of these resources.

The Role of Local Wisdom in the Development of Aquaculture: A Qualitative Approach

Aquaculture is an important sector in meeting global food needs and maintaining food security, especially in countries with coastal areas. As the largest archipelagic country, Indonesia has great potential in aquaculture that supports domestic food security and exports. However, the sector faces complex challenges such as climate change and environmental degradation. Sustainable management and integration of local wisdom, such as the "sasi" system, are important solutions in facing this challenge. This study aims to explore the role of local wisdom in supporting sustainable aquaculture through a qualitative approach to case studies. The results of the study show that local wisdom plays an important role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem and supporting environmental sustainability. The combination of modern technology and traditional practices is an effective strategy to create a resilient and environmentally friendly aquaculture system. This research emphasizes the importance of collaboration between the government and the community in recognizing and strengthening custom-based regulations to achieve a balance between environmental sustainability and economic resilience.