Two new triterpene rhamnosides, 3β-O-[α-l-(2′,3′,4′-O-triacetyl)-rhamnopyranosyl]-aleuritolic acid (1), and 3β-O-[α-l-(2′,3′-O-diacetyl)-rhamnopyranosyl]-aleuritolic acid (2), together with four known triterpenoids (3–6) were isolated from the petroleum ether fraction of the 70% aqueous acetone extract of the aerial parts of E. dracunculoides Lam. Their structures were elucidated by means of extensive spectroscopic analysis, acid hydrolysis, and comparison with data reported in the literatures. Among them, compounds 1 and 2 are the first examples of taraxerene-type triterpene rhamnosides, and compounds 3–6 were isolated from this plant for the first time.