Constructive Approach Research Articles

A Review of 25 Spontaneous and Dynamic Facial Expression Databases of Basic Emotions

Abstract Most prior research on basic emotions has relied upon posed, static displays that do not accurately reflect the facial behavior seen in everyday life. To address this gap, the present paper aims to highlight existing facial expression databases (FEDBs) that feature spontaneous and dynamic displays of the six basic emotions. To assist readers in their decisions about stimulus selection, we comprehensively review 25 FEDBs in terms of three key dimensions: (a) conceptual features which reflect thematic approaches in database construction and validation, i.e., emotional content and elicitation procedures, encoder demographics, measurement and elicitation techniques; (b) technical features which concern technological aspects in stimulus development, i.e., stimulus numbers and duration, frame rate, and resolution; and (c) practical features which entail information about database access and potential ethical restrictions. Finally, we outline some of the remaining challenges in stimulus generation and make recommendations for future research.

Translation and psychometric evaluation of the Danish version of the knee outcome survey - activities of daily living scale in patients with anterior cruciate ligament injuries

BackgroundThe Knee Outcome Survey – Activities of Daily Living Scale (KOS-ADLS) is a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) developed to assess symptoms and functional limitations in patients with various knee disorders. The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the KOS-ADLS to Danish and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Danish version (KOS-ADLS-DK) in patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.MethodsThe KOS-ADLS was translated and culturally adapted to Danish in accordance with recommended guidelines. To evaluate psychometric properties in a test-retest design 115 Danish patients with ACL injury completed KOS-ADLS-DK and other knee specific PROMs at baseline and after 14 days. A sub-population of 79 patients completed the KOS-ADLS-DK before and after 3 months of rehabilitation. Structural validity (factor analysis), Internal consistency (Cronbach`s alpha), construct validity (hypothesis testing), test-retest reliability (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient [ICC]), test-retest agreement (Bland-Altman plots with 95% Limits of Agreement), Standard Error of Measurement (SEM), Smallest Detectable Chance (SDC), responsiveness (construct approach with hypothesis testing) and floor/ceiling effects were assessed.ResultsNo major problems were revealed in the cross-cultural adaptation process. The KOS-ADLS-DK was uni-dimensional and showed a high internal consistency (Chronbach’s alpha = 0.90). Construct validity was not perfect as only five of seven hypotheses were confirmed, but there was a good reliability (ICC = 0.88) and test-retest agreement showed equal distribution of measurement error across the scale and the SEM was 4.9% and SDC was 13.6%. However, hypotheses testing on change scores revealed the KOS-ADLS-DK to be responsive and there were no floor/ceiling effects.ConclusionOverall, the Danish version of KOS-ADLS is considered a valid, reliable and responsive PROM for assessing symptoms and functional limitations in patients with ACL injury but may show some limitations in its construct validity.

Automatic construction of the citation network from the medieval Jewish Responsa literature

This article presents a novel approach for the citation network construction from Jewish Responsa literature based on automatic extraction of references from texts. Jewish Responsa literature contains thousands of answers to questions related to Jewish law (Halachah), spanning over 1,300 years by authors from all over the world. This literature is abundant with references, but because of their high lexical and format variability their automatic identification and extraction is very challenging. In this article we present a novel, multi layered approach that splits the reference extraction task into two main subtasks: i) reference boundaries’ identification; ii) reference internal components’ identification. We experimented with several different machine learning models: CRF (Conditional Random Field) model, BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) model, and a combined approach, BERT-CRF. Additionally, we examined the influence of the training corpus on the model’s accuracy by comparing the performance of the models trained on modern Hebrew vs. Rabbinic Hebrew. We found that the best results were achieved by a BERT-CRF model trained on Rabbinic Hebrew. The constructed network can be utilized to build various tools for analyzing trends and influences in the Jewish Halachic corpus, such as the most influencing authors, the authors’ sources of authority, and their evolution over time and place.

Phase-Based Approaches for Rapid Construction of Magnetic Fields in NV Magnetometry

Phase-Based Approaches for Rapid Construction of Magnetic Fields in NV Magnetometry

Cardiovascular disease in South Asian immigrants facing adverse socioeconomic circumstances: challenges and opportunities for enhanced management.

To describe the challenges that health professionals often face when attempting to provide optimal primary and secondary prevention care of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) to South Asian immigrant patients who face adverse socioeconomic factors, such as many of the South Asian men and women who live in Catalonia, and to present a number of constructive approaches that can help minimize those barriers. The challenges include limited health literacy, frequent language barriers, cultural factors that limit the relevance of standard lifestyle advice, financial barriers, limited access to preventive care, racism, and other barriers. Approaches that can help minimize them and enhance the quality of secondary cardiovascular preventive care in this group include empathy, using support from cultural mediators, enhanced proficiency using readily available translation programs, approaches that minimize financial barriers and simplify treatment regimes, and provision of more culturally competent lifestyle advice, among others. We hope that the notions included in this review will help physicians and healthcare system managers around the world become more aware and culturally competent when treating South Asian patients with ASCVD. The ongoing Pul-Cat and other studies will illuminate the most effective steps moving forward.

AGBOWA-IKOSI DEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN REPORT

This paper aims to use the establishment of the master plan to provide an overall development strategy for the emerging area of Agbowa-Ikosi in Lagos State, Nigeria. The plan is to help develop Agbowa-Ikosi into a sustainable city that will be economically viable owing to the city's strategic geographical location and the industrial and tourism opportunities inherent in the city. The plan contains comprehensive information on the territory's climate, geography, land usage, traffic conditions, and other peculiarities. Core constraining factors including infrastructural development, drainage systems, and generic necessities are recognized. These are the challenges that this plan seeks to overcome to unlock the potential of the Region. These include the proposals for a new CBD, growing areas of the industrial estates, accessibility of transport systems, and establishment of open green space/recreational grounds. According to the principle of sustainable development, the plan proposes the utilization of renewable energy sources and the promotion of the ecological approach in construction. Therefore, the usage of the aforementioned authorities can make Agbowa-Ikosi an example of creating a sustainable city in Nigeria. KEYWORDS: Agowa-Ikosi, Master Plan, Sustainable development, Infrastructure, Tourism

Critical factors for implementing sustainable construction practices in project delivery and management

Introduction/Background: The construction Industry is central to world economic growth and the ongoing process of urbanization. However, it is also an environmental problematic area as it causes pollution, resource depletion and emission of the greenhouse gases. Modern construction is experiencing significant concerns with sustainability hence the need to shift from the conventional construction practices and embrace sustainable construction. This paper looks at key issues based on construction project delivery and management for sustainability. It also focuses on how the industry can maintain the triple bottom line of sustainability in the different phases of project life cycle. Materials and Methods: This research uses literature review as the method for integrating and analyzing the existing knowledge in the construction sustainable practices. Both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods were used in the present study and the most relevant sources of information consisted of peer-reviewed journal articles, industry reports and literature as well as sustainability assessment tools were also used to analyse the findings and identify the major themes and effective measures in the field. The study focuses on three main areas: A)Functions of construction business in sustainable development, B)Measures towards improving sustainability in social, economical and environmental aspects in construction projects and C)Sustainable construction project management. Further, the research assesses sustainable assessment tools with more emphasis put on sustainable neighborhood development through LEED-ND. Results: The result finds several key factors for supporting a sustainable construction approach. They are; procurement and management of materials, use of green building practices, use of LCA in decision making and engagement of stakeholders. A viewpoint for the research is an integrated approach to the use of sustainable practices within the processes of implementing particular projects, taking into consideration the environmental, social and economic factors at the various stages of the project. Simultaneously, the LEED-ND has presented itself as an all-encompassing instrument for measuring and directing the sustainable development of neighbourhoods, focusing on both the level of buildings and of whole communities. Discussion: These are some of the key findings which indicate the interaction between different sustainability issues in construction projects. However, unlike other approaches that focus on the use of technology or even green building, the study brings out the issue of integrated design process, stakeholder engagement, and long term thinking as critical in sustainable development. They also confirm the effectiveness of targeted and case-based approaches because the issues of sustainability and their priorities differ from country to country and from one type of construction project to another. Conclusion: The need to understand critical implementation factors for sustainable construction is what has informed this research work and so, this study will add to the existing body of knowledge the world over. It stresses the imperative for constructing higher order change in the construction industry towards the type of sustainability solutions that are based on the idea of utilising a life cycle approach to problem solving. Therefore, understanding the nature and the degree of the elements impacts will help the practitioners, policymakers and the researchers to design measures towards making construction projects sustainable. Future studies should build on stronger linkages of impacts, longer time horizons of assessment, and the identification of new sources of financing sustainable practices

ÖZÜNÜQİYMƏTLƏNDİRMƏNİN ARTIRILMASI YOLU İLƏ İDRAK FƏALLIĞINA NAİL OLMADA İNKİŞAFETDİRİCİ PROQRAMLARIN TƏTBİQİ

Cognitive activity in student collectives plays a fundamental role in their interpersonal relations, forms of interaction, as well as in their future plans, along with their academic achievements. Achieving cognitive activity can be done not only by increasing cognitive skills, but also by regulating reactions from an emotional aspect, developing social-emotional skills, and increasing activity. Self-evaluation is one of the factors that have a significant impact on the cognitive activity of students. Factors such as adequate and at the same time inadequate high and low self-esteem, learned helplessness have a certain mechanism of influence on the manifestation of cognitive skills. It is for this reason that while preparing the article, the essence of the developmental programs applied in the students and student collectives was analyzed with reference to local and foreign literature samples, and the development of the problem of self-evaluation in these programs was studied. While preparing the article, the method of literature analysis was applied based on a systematic constructive approach.

INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF SEWAGE SLUDGE ASH ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MORTAR SPECIMENS

In recent years, the rising awareness of environmental protection and the rapid depletion of natural resources have increased the strategic importance of sustainable building materials, especially in the construction sector. Increasing construction trends lead to a noticeable increase in the use of materials. In this context, the environmental impacts of cement production come to the forefront with the amount of energy used in clinker production and the resulting CO2 emissions. Recycling of waste materials can solve the problem of waste storage and reuse of waste materials can form the basis of sustainable construction approaches to reduce energy consumption. This research focuses on the incineration of dewatered sewage sludge into ash and its usability as a building material. In this context, the incinerated sewage sludge ash was ground and used as an additive material at different ratios instead of cement to produce mortar specimens. Flexural and compressive strength tests were carried out to determine the mechanical properties of the sewage sludge ash admixed specimens by comparing them with mortar specimens produced with Class F fly ash on the 7th, 28th and 90th days.

The Developments and Prospects of Plant Super Pangenomes: Demands, Approaches and Applications.

By integrating genomes of different accessions, the pangenome can offer more comprehensive and reference-bias-free population genetic information in a species than a single reference genome. With the rapid accumulation of genomic sequencing data and the expanding scope of plant research, the focus of plant pangenomics research has gradually evolved from a single species to multiple species in recent years, giving rise to the concept of super pangenome that cover all genomic sequences of a genus-level taxonomic groups. By integrating more cultivated and wild species, the super pangenome has made significant contributions to the resolution of multiple research areas such as plant genetic diversity, evolution, domestication, and molecular breeding. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the plant super pangenomes, focusing on its unique value and development demands, construction approaches, potential applications and achievements. We highlight the distinctive advantages and promising prospects of super pangenomes and discuss the current challenges and future directions.

Constructive ergonomics and enabling interventions

This paper presents a constructive view of Human Factors/Ergonomics (HFE) and its implications regarding work, organisations and HFE interventions. In contrast to a defensive approach to HFE, which would view work mostly as a source of constraints, and the role of HFE as reducing these constraints, the goal of constructive ergonomics is to eliminate obstacles hindering success and development and to maximise opportunities for acting and learning. After having developed the concept and the methods of enabling interventions, as well as their consequences on the role of ergonomists, two enabling interventions are presented to illustrate the implementation of the constructive approach in real work settings. The discussion advocates a conception of development as a fact, a means and a goal of HFE interventions, and emphasises the maieutic role of ergonomists.

Integration of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) in motorway/highway planning and construction: A case study for sustainable infrastructure development in Pakistan

Pakistan has constantly prioritized the development of roads and motorways as they are they are reflective of nation’s economic and physical condition. However, poor highway planning, design, and construction can have a negative impact on the environment and can lower the quality of life for inhabitants. Therefore, eco-friendly roadway/motorway planning, and construction approaches are crucial for reducing environmental, social, and economic damages. Currently, environmental impact assessment (EIA) is the prevalent method for assessing and evaluating the environmental impact of road infrastructure projects. Still, this conventional approach focuses primarily on development projects and lacks strategic insight. Hence, the world is now focusing on integrating and implementing SEA as a realistic approach for executing a sustainability plan in every area, including the infrastructure and transportation sector. Pakistan invests a considerable portion of its annual budget on infrastructure, particularly roadways; therefore, it must incorporate the changing trends and parameters into the planning and developing phase. thus, current research aims to incorporate SEA into the strategic planning of motorway/highway development by conducting a desktop study using secondary sources, including research articles and EIA reports, to analyze the environmental and socioeconomic effects of motorway/highway by identifying the direct, indirect, and commutative impacts. The alternatives are assessed using impact criteria and indicators to choose the best sustainable option for achieving the required objectives. our study is a pioneer work to integrate SEA into the planning process for highway construction, which would act as a baseline and an advisory tool for the decision-makers to incorporate SEA in Pakistan’s strategic development planning.

The Ball That Failed to Curve: The 2023 “Populist Polarizing” Referendum in Poland

<p>In October 2023, Poland’s illiberal right-wing government held a referendum modeled after the one held in Hungary one year earlier. Organized in conjunction with the parliamentary elections under the pretext of “saving costs,” the 2023 Polish referendum constitutes the most recent example of how populists can use direct democracy to mobilize their electorate. However, unlike Hungary’s experience a year earlier, this referendum highlights how “populist polarizing” referendums can become a double-edged sword. Building on previous work by Bartolini and Mair, and Enyedi, this article introduces a new type of referendum: the populist polarizing. Initiated by populist parties to amplify political divisions for partisan gain, this referendum-type frames choices in starkly oppositional terms, creating an “us vs. them” dynamic that intensifies polarization. We contrast this with the more known and studied “cleavage referendums.” In particular, using both primary and secondary data, we demonstrate how Poland’s populist government employed the referendum instrumentally. They posed thematically differentiated questions on issues such as relocating migrants within the EU, selling state assets, raising the retirement age, and removing a border barrier. By exploiting emotionally driven political divides, the government aimed to polarize the campaign and mobilize their voters in the lead-up to the general elections. Departing from the case-study literature, we present an innovative argument: opposition parties can counteract populist governments’ strategies and successfully defend democracy by encouraging a selective boycott—voting in elections while refusing to participate in the referendum. The Polish experience illustrates how populist polarizing referendums, initially aimed to increase polarization and undermine democracy, can paradoxically be used to reverse democratic backsliding and safeguard liberal democracy. The Polish case shows that populist polarizing referendums are not infallible. While populist forces typically exploit polarization, referendums can also become a tool for the opposition. However, for the strategy to be effective, the opposition must take a constructive and strategic approach.</p>

從香煙盒警示到公權力干預——評叢亞麗授《公共健康倫理思考》一文

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English. In the article “Reflections on Public Health Ethics”, Professor Cong argues that public health ethics cannot be traced back to either medical ethics or bioethics. Therefore, to guide public health practices, it is necessary to construct a framework of public health ethics based on the intrinsic features of public health. I agree that this constructive approach points out a clear and feasible direction for China’s public health ethics; however, this approach must be grounded in scientific foundations and the conditions of public health practices. If state intervention is overly powerful, public health ethics should balance this force through scientific evidence and freedom of speech; otherwise, the public good cannot be guaranteed.

Numerical Modeling of Engineering-Scale Jointed Coal Mass and Confining Pressure Effect

In coal masses, joints serve as crucial components influencing mechanical responses and failure mechanisms. The joint distribution complicates the acquisition of physical parameters for engineering-scale coal masses, and traditional laboratory or in situ tests often suffer from inaccuracies and high costs. Therefore, examination of the dynamic properties of engineering-scale coal mass is generally performed by numerical simulations. This paper proposes a model construction approach using two-dimension Particle Flow Code (PFC2D) software to study the mechanical properties of engineering-scale jointed coal mass, addressing the limitations of conventional models by integrating scale effects, accuracy, and computational efficiency. Firstly, the distribution characteristics and mechanical parameters of the joints in the coal mass were obtained based on field statistics and laboratory experiments. The parameters of the laboratory-scale model were calibrated by the numerical matching method. The discrete element model for the engineering-scale coal mass was constructed by the step-by-step matching method. The confining pressure effect on the coal mass under a biaxial loading condition was studied, while the strength change, fissure evolution, and failure mechanism under different confining pressures and fissure degrees were investigated. Based on the simulation results, a quantitative relationship was established between the mechanical parameters, fissure degree, and confining pressure under compression conditions. Ultimately, the failure zone ahead of the working face and the distribution of the abutment pressure were assessed using the mechanics parameters of coal masses with diverse joint distributions.

Radical α-C-H Alkylation and Heteroarylation of Benzyl Anilines Enabled by Organic Photoredox Catalysis.

A photocatalysis-involved α-amino radical provides an appealing approach for rapid construction of complex amine architectures. Reported herein is an organophotoredox catalytic approach to α-C-H alkylation and heteroarylation of benzyl anilines, which enables the introduction of valuable trifluoromethyl alcohol, chromanone, or pyridine motifs at the α position of amines. This protocol highlights metal-free, step and atom economies and broad substrate scopes (>80 examples). Control experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy identified the α-amino radical derived from the α-amino C-H bond.

The Social Construction of Skill in International Migration: Perspectives from Asia

Skill-based selective migration policies are a dominant contemporary form of migration governance in labor receiving countries. Researchers have critiqued these policies, noting discrepancies between their intended goals and the actual labor market outcomes for immigrants. The social construction of skill offers a sociological interpretation of this migration phenomenon, emphasizing that skills and their categorization in international migration are intrinsically political. Skills are socially constructed by actors in specific local, national, transnational, and global contexts. This article reviews scholarship that explores these dynamics from Asian perspectives. It identifies the various positions that countries in Asia occupy in skill mobility and highlights the critical issues related to both outbound and inbound skill migration in this region, as well as intraregional mobilities. The concluding section cautions against a reproduction of skill hierarchy in social science research and advocates a social construction approach to analyzing skill mobilities in different world regions.

Constructive Approaches to Analysis of Constructed Identity

The article deals with the main directions and outcomes of identity research along with the expansion of the research field as a whole and concept list. The author explores an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach well established in identitarian research. By building a general outline and defining the comparative context of the analysis of identity in general and political identity in particular, the article explores collective monographs “Integration and disintegration potential of identity in history and modernity” and “Identity. Personality, society politics. New contours of the research field”. The interdisciplinary work of Tomsk scientists is structured into three parts, corresponding to the author’s methodology. This approach enables to characterize the key positions of the authors of each part, comparing them with the arsenal developed in the social and humanities. Scientific and political relevance characterize each of the dimensions chosen by the authors of the monograph, which also determines the high disputability of the proposed topics and assessments. The collective monograph edited by Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences I.S. Semenenko has 44 sections written by a team of 32 authors. The article contains an overview of key sections and directions of research, and notes the role of the executive editor, who is one of the leaders of identitarian research in modern Russia. The collective monograph is aimed at promoting the issue of identity not only in scientific discussions, but also in the public space, since identity is considered as an important development resource. Despite all the differences in format, structure, objectives and approaches, these works are united by bringing identity into the mainstream of sociohumanitarian and political science, determining the potential of identity as a resource for social development, integration (or disintegration) of the society. Analysis of the research conducted gives grounds to attribute them to the successful search for an independent vector of domestic science.

Agent Investing: A Constructive Approach

Agent Investing: A Constructive Approach

“Life” as a Dynamic Supramolecular System Created Through Constructive Approach

Abstract Life can properly respond to external stimuli. This is because life is constructed by individual components (molecules and macromolecules) and responds to the external environment autonomously as a system, through interactions between components, converting energy, and information. This response contrasts with matter, which responds directly to external fields (heat, electric or magnetic fields, light, etc.). Life self-reproduces by converting ingested essential nutrients for self-reproduction and moves to safe and nourished areas. Life also possesses information molecules and propagates the information to its offspring. In this repeatable process, individuals possessing traits adaptable to their environment become the dominant species through natural selection, leading to evolution. We believe that even such a sophisticated life can be constructed as a dynamic supramolecular system by assembling characteristic molecules and macromolecules. This review shows how giant vesicles, self-assemblies of amphiphilic molecules, self-reproduce as primitive model protocells, expressing life-like features by incorporating new components, and eventually evolve into the ultimate artificial cell model.