Mobile Terminal Applications Research Articles

Research on Resource Allocation and Management of Mobile Edge Computing Network

The popularity of mobile Internet makes the application of mobile terminals need more computing resources, and cloud computing enables mobile terminals to handle application tasks that need high computing resources under the premise of maintaining small specifications. However, it is difficult to obtain high-quality low latency services as the mobile Internet edge is far away from the cloud computing center ; hence mobile edge computing (MEC) is proposed. This study introduce d computing resource allocation methods based on power iteration and system utility, applie d them to the mobile edge computing network , and carried out simulation experiments in MATLAB software. The experimental results show ed that the network throughput and system utility under the two resource allocation methods increased and the average transfer rate decreased with the increase of users in the mobile edge network ; under the same number of access users, the edge network based on the system utility allocation method ha d higher throughput, average trans fer rate and system utility.

Series-Fed Beam-Steerable Millimeter-Wave Antenna Design With Wide Spatial Coverage for 5G Mobile Terminals

A low-cost beam-steerable antenna operating at 28 GHz is presented for 5G mobile terminal applications. The proposed array has a sandwich-like stack structure, including ten patch elements, a ground plane with two rows of slots, and a long microstrip transmission feed line. The radiators and the transmission line are placed at the two sides of the ground plane, which provides great flexibility in designing the radiating pattern and the feed network. Switches are added on the transmission line to construct periodic distributed phase shifters for beam steering. The 2 bit phase shifter with phases of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° is formed without using phase delay lines. Continuous beam steering is achieved, and the steerable angle is 121° in the upper hemisphere. Two location configurations of the proposed array in 5G mobile terminals are analyzed and the angular coverage range is evaluated. The array can cover 38.8% of the hemispherical space with a gain threshold of 10 dBi.

제조 데이터 분석 플랫폼의 모바일 터미널 사용자 연구 -창원 스마트산단 사례를 중심으로-

정부는 창원의 국가산업단지를 스마트산단으로 선정하고 스마트팩토리의 보급 확산을 위해 다양한 지원 정책을 확대 시행하고 있다. 하지만 단지 내 중소공장들은 비용 증가, 구축 방법에 대한 몰이해, 기술신뢰도 미흡, 사용상의 불편 등의 이유로 새로운 시스템 도입을 주저하고 있다. 그중 사용의 불편함은 이 서비스의 도입이 지연되는 큰 이유이다. 필수적인 시스템의 모바일화도 지연되고 있고, 스마트팩토리를 위한 모바일 인터페이스의 구조적인 연구도 빈약하다.BR 본 연구는 중소기업의 제조공장이 스마트팩토리 시스템을 도입할 때의 불안감과 기술 수준에 대한 낮은 신뢰도 그리고 사용상의 불편함을 해소하기 위해 서비스디자인 방법론을 적용하여 문제점과 해결방안을 모색하였다. 그리고 플랫폼의 모바일 버전을 위한 맞춤형 인터페이스의 구조에 대한 인사이트를 도출하기 위한 사용자 연구를 실시하였다. 먼저 스마트팩토리와 제조 데이터 분석 플랫폼 기술에 대해 알아보고 중소기업의 스마트팩토리 도입방안을 조사하였다. 스마트 산단에 대해 정의한 후 현장 방문 조사를 실시하였다. 현장조사에서는 창원 국가산업단지 내 중소 제조공장의 장비 관리 현황을 관찰하였고, 공장 근로자와 전문가를 대상으로 심층인터뷰를 실시하였다. 조사를 통해 수집한 자료는 서비스디자인 방법론을 이용하여 분석되었고 이를 바탕으로 사용자를 유형화하고 퍼소나를 설정하였다.BR 전문가 인터뷰에서 제조 데이터는 기술적 방법을 이용하여 정보를 선별적으로 수집할 수 있고, 플랫폼의 보안 문제를 해결하기 위해 공개 가능한 데이터로만 빅데이터를 구축할 수 있다는 답을 얻었다. 사용자 분석을 통해서는 근로자의 업무에 따라 제조 데이터를 모니터링하는 것에 대한 견해가 다르다는 인사이트를 발견하였다. 따라서 외부에서 접근하는 모바일 인터페이스의 경우 모든 이해관계자에게 같은 정보를 제공하는 것이 아닌 권한별로 획득 가능한 정보가 달라야 하고, 인터페이스 또한 사용자 유형에 따라 각각 맞춤형으로 구성되어야 한다는 결론을 얻었다.BR 본 연구는 제조 데이터 분석 플랫폼과 그 사용자와 사용자가 사용하게 될 어플리케이션에 대한 기초 연구이다. 이 연구를 통해 전체 시스템의 사용성을 높여, 장비의 상시 관리와 생산품의 품질관리에 기여하여 창원 국가산업단지가 스마트산단으로 거듭나 단지 내 중소기업의 경쟁력을 높이는 데 도움이 되고자 한다.

A mobile terminal application program was used for endotracheal tube cuff pressure measurement.

We studied the application of a mobile terminal application program in endotracheal tube (ETT) cuff pressure measurement to improve the implementation rate of scientific ETT cuff pressure measurement and to ensure that the pressure falls within the recommended range. A pre-post controlled study lasting for 18 months was undertaken in a 40-bed general intensive care unit (GICU). This included a 6-month baseline period (baseline group) and a 6-month intervention period (intervention group). The mobile terminal application program was applied to monitor the cuff pressure of endotracheal intubation as an intervention measure during the intervention period. ETT pressure was the main outcome measure, while gender, age, causes for ICU admission, sedation score, duration of prior intubation, size of ETT, and number of VAP patients were secondary outcomes. ETT cuff pressure was monitored 742 times in both the baseline group and the intervention group. A total of 56.9% of the cuff pressure measurements in the baseline group were within the recommended range, while 78.4% of measurements in the intervention group were within the recommended range, reflecting a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The application of the mobile terminal application program used for ETT cuff pressure measurement could improve the percentage of ETT cuff pressure measurements falling within the recommended range.

Research on recognition for cotton spider mites’ damage level based on deep learning

The changes in cotton leaf characteristics are closely related to the cotton spider mites’ damage level. Extracting the distinguishable features of cotton leaves is an effective method to identify the level. However, it faces enormous challenges for the classification due to various factors, such as illumination intensity, background complexity, shooting angle and so on. A recognition model is proposed, which is trained through transfer learning with the two-stage learning rate from 0.01 to 0.001 based on MobileNetV1. The experiments demonstrate that the deep learning model attains the accuracy of 92.29% for the training set and 91.88% for the test set of the mixed data. For testifying the effectiveness of the two-stage training method, the models are trained with the two public datasets, CIFAR-10 and Flowers, and attain the accuracy of 95.46% and 95.57% for the test sets, respectively. The average recognition time for a single cotton leaf image is about 0.015 s. Furthermore, the mobile terminal application is developed with the model embedded, to realize the real-time recognition for cotton spider mites’ damage level in the field. Keywords: deep learning, cotton spider mites, damage level, MobileNetV1 DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20191206.4816 Citation: Yang L L, Luo J, Wang Z P, Chen Y, Wu C C. Research on recognition for cotton spider mites’ damage level based on deep learning. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2019; 12(6): 129–134.

The Construction of Digital Media Art Teaching Model in the New Media Era

In new media era, the network coverage is wider, application of mobile terminals is more convenient, speed of information dissemination is fully accelerated, scope of dissemination is wider and people's access to information is more diversified. Therefore, the current media has become an indispensable part of human’s lives such as changing the way human live, work, learn and communicate daily. In this context, it is compulsory to improve the traditional teaching methods in order to keep in pace with the fast development and promote art education through the combination of technology and art. This paper analyses the current situation of digital media art teaching and the construction path of teaching model in the new media era.&#x0D; Â

Wideband MIMO antenna with small ground clearance for mobile terminals

In this study, a compact planar multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is presented for mobile terminal applications. Various dual-element configurations are studied using the theory of characteristic modes. The reason of port isolation is explained from the view of modal weighting coefficients. It is found that by arranging the two elements at the top and bottom sides of the board and placing the feed ports at the corners of the board, not only the bandwidth is enhanced but also the port isolation is improved. To further broaden the bandwidth, three branches are well cooperated to provide three λ/4 modes. The optimised no-ground region (i.e. the ground clearance) of each element only occupies an area of 5 × 30 mm2. The measured bandwidth can cover the 1710–2690 MHz band with the criterion of −10 dB reflection coefficient. The measured port isolation achieves 19 dB without using any decoupling structure. The efficiency is >60% in the entire band. In addition, the user effect on MIMO antenna performance is evaluated.

Simulation of Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) of GEOS Satellite Signal Receiver for Mobile Terminal Satellite Application at S-Band Frequency

In this paper described the process of making a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) for GEOS Satellite for terminal mobile satellite at S-Band frequence. Step process of LNA design are choosing the right Transistor, Making a biasing circuit of Transistor, searching the value of ZS and ZL, , and built an Impedance Matching of the Transistor. The choosen Transistor is ATF58143 from Avago Technology. Bias voltage were used to Transistor in order to make transistor working at its working area. At this condition, we get Noise Figure (NF) minimum at 0.4 dB and Maximum stable amplifying at 20.413 dB as a paramater of the optimum LNA. The design of LNA will be simulated using a software Advanced Design System (ADS).

User-Shadowing Suppression for 5G mm-Wave Mobile Terminal Antennas

In 5G mm-wave mobile terminal applications, the user’s body will likely create blockage or shadow in the radiation patterns of handset antenna arrays. In this paper, we find that the corner positions of a handset chassis yield the best performance for the 5G mm-wave array system in terms of spatial coverage when user effects are considered. To prove that claim, a prototype of a 5G mm-wave antenna system was constructed using the substrate integrated waveguide lens and MMPX connectors and was compared to the more general case. The lens is simulated and measured with the user in talk, data, and dual-hand modes. It has been shown that the method proposed in this paper can be used as a general guideline for the 5G phased array construction. Finally, two configurations of subarrays diagonally placed on the opposite corners of the mobile device were investigated to compare them to each other and to the setup with subarrays in all the corners.

Wideband MIMO Antenna Systems Based on Coupled-Loop Antenna for 5G N77/N78/N79 Applications in Mobile Terminals

A wideband 8-antenna multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) system that can cover 3.3-5.0 GHz is proposed for the 5G new radio N77/N78/N79 application in mobile phones. The wide bandwidth of the MIMO antenna system is obtained by the proposed coupled-loop antenna, which has three coupling sections located separately at its top central and two sides. Due to this special arrangement, the coupled-loop antenna can support three resonance modes of loop antenna: 0.5λ, 0.75λ, and 1.0λ modes. The distinctive feature of the proposed coupled-loop antenna design is that it can excite the 0.75λ modes, which has not been reported before. The wide bandwidth is obtained by the combination of the three resonance modes. To evaluate the performance of the proposed 8 × 8 MIMO antenna system, the antenna isolation, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), and channel capacity (CC) are all investigated. Antenna prototypes for an 8-antenna MIMO system located along the edge of mobile phones are fabricated and measured, and; quite good agreements between simulation and measurement are obtained.

Research on recognition for cotton spider mites’ damage level based on deep learning

The changes in cotton leaf characteristics are closely related to the cotton spider mites’ damage level. Extracting the distinguishable features of cotton leaves is an effective method to identify the level. However, it faces enormous challenges for the classification due to various factors, such as illumination intensity, background complexity, shooting angle and so on. A recognition model is proposed, which is trained through transfer learning with the two-stage learning rate from 0.01 to 0.001 based on MobileNetV1. The experiments demonstrate that the deep learning model attains the accuracy of 92.29% for the training set and 91.88% for the test set of the mixed data. For testifying the effectiveness of the two-stage training method, the models are trained with the two public datasets, CIFAR-10 and Flowers, and attain the accuracy of 95.46% and 95.57% for the test sets, respectively. The average recognition time for a single cotton leaf image is about 0.015 s. Furthermore, the mobile terminal application is developed with the model embedded, to realize the real-time recognition for cotton spider mites’ damage level in the field. Keywords: deep learning, cotton spider mites, damage level, MobileNetV1 DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20191206.4816 Citation: Yang L L, Luo J, Wang Z P, Chen Y, Wu C C. Research on recognition for cotton spider mites’ damage level based on deep learning. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2019; 12(6): 129–134.

Smart Tourism and Poverty Reduction

Rural poverty has constrained the social and economic development in China. Tourism is a driver for positive change, which plays a significant role in delivering sustainable solutions for people, the planet, prosperity and peace. Smart tourism is a new model of tourism informationization based on cloud computing, the mobile terminal application as the core and characterized by interactive and other efficient information services. Smart rural tourism poverty reduction is one of the most effective ways to achieve targeted poverty reduction. With the increasing integration of “Internet + tourism”, tourism has entered smart era. This study tries to analyze the application of the smart tourism, and examines the benefits to targeted poverty reduction in China. The main methodology is case study based on the operation of “Smart tourism supporting poverty reduction platform in Chengdu.” The findings as follows: smart tourism effectively solve the problems such as backward infrastructure, serious homogenization, extensive operation, lack of service concept and lack of brand concept in rural tourism development; build smart rural tourism data center and application platform to provide intelligent management system to farmers; rural tourism system as the foundation, improve the intelligent management, marketing and service of rural tourism, and promote the sustainable development. Results may be useful for government institutions, NGOs and companies as well. This study has the referential value in the targeted poverty reduction process in China, through the analyse of the latest smart tourism platform can find the current advantages and defects and make up for flaw timely. Last but no least, in order to better reduce poverty and implement smart tourism, some recommendations to the government such as continuously implementing digital transformation, government as a lead organization to coordinate all players to share tasks together, introducing explicit policies enables consistent execution of government at all levels.

Dual-Band Eight-Antenna Array Design for MIMO Applications in 5G Mobile Terminals

This paper proposes a dual-band eight-antenna array for multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) applications in 5G mobile terminals. The designed MIMO antenna array comprises eight L-shaped slot antennas based on stepped impedance resonators (SIRs). The required dual-resonance can be obtained by adjusting the impedance ratio of the SIR, and good impedance matching can be ensured for each antenna element by tuning the position of the microstrip feed line. The experimental results show that a measured return loss of higher than 10 dB and a measured inter-element isolation of greater than 11.2 dB have been obtained for each antenna element with a simulated total efficiency of larger than 51% across the long term evolution (LTE) band 42 (3400-3600 MHz) and LTE band 46 (5150-5925 MHz). In addition, the measured envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is lower than 0.1 between arbitrary two antenna elements, and the proposed MIMO antenna array realizes a simulated channel capacity of higher than 36.9 bps/Hz within both operation bands. Furthermore, the MIMO antenna array can maintain acceptable radiation and MIMO performance in the presence of specific anthropomorphic mannequin (SAM) head and human hands.

An Online Education Data Classification Model Based on Tr_MAdaBoost Algorithm

With the rapid development of network information technology and the wide application of smart phones, tablet PCs and other mobile terminals, online education plays an increasingly important role in social life. This article focuses on mining useful data from the massive online education data, by using transfer learning, relying on Hadoop, to construct Online education data classification framework (OEDCF), and design an algorithm Tr_MAdaBoost. This algorithm overcomes the traditional classification algorithms in which the required data must be restricted to independent and identically distributed data, since online education using this new algorithm can achieve the correct classification even it has different data distribution. At the same time, with the help of Hadoop's parallel processing architecture, OEDCF can greatly enhance the efficiency of data processing, create favorable conditions for learning analysis, and promote personalized learning and other activities of big data era.

A 1-D Tightly Coupled Dipole Array for Broadband mmWave Communication

A wideband phased array antenna for the use in 5G millimeter-wave (mmWave) mobile terminal is presented. The proposed array antenna was designed based on the tightly coupled dipole array (TCDA) technique to achieve a low profile and broadband impedance matching characteristic. Unlike the previously reported TCDAs implemented with 2D arrays on a vertical ground plane, the proposed 1D array antenna exhibited the maximum beam direction parallel to the ground, which is suitable for mobile terminal applications. Using a full-wave electromagnetic simulation tool, a $1\times8$ TCDA was designed on a multilayer substrate including a reflector surface in the middle to replace a vertical ground plane. Prototypes were fabricated and measured with feeding networks designed for 0° and 30° scanning scenarios. The size of the proposed antenna (excluding the feeding network) was $42.3\times 12.05\times0.535$ mm3. The measured bandwidth that subjects to S11 < −10 dB criterion was 22.5–32.5 GHz, which covers most of the worldwide 5G mmWave frequency band candidates at the 20-GHz band range.

A Capacitive Loading Method for Turning a Single-Band Antenna Into Dual-Band for Wireless Terminal Applications

This letter proposes a simple method to turn a single-band inverted-F antenna (IFA) or loop antenna into a dual-band antenna with a small frequency ratio and similar radiation patterns by simply adding a capacitor near the shorting end of a conventional single-band IFA or a loop antenna. Two demonstration examples imitating a mobile terminal application using IFA and loop antenna are present. The measured results show that the IFA and loop antenna with an added capacitor near the shorting end have comparable radiation patterns and total efficiencies in the two designed frequency bands compared with the antennas without the capacitor. The measured frequency ratio of the two resonances is 1.15 (2.23 and 2.56 GHz) for IFA and 1.19 (2.19 and 2.61 GHz) for loop antenna. And the two resonant frequencies can be easily controlled by tuning the added capacitor so that this method can be easily applied to frequency agility applications. To illustrate the physical mechanism, a transmission line model is presented and analyzed.

3.6-GHz eight-antenna MIMO array for mobile terminal applications

This paper studies an eight-antenna multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) array owning a wide bandwidth to cover the 3.6-GHz (3400–3800 MHz) band for modern mobile terminal applications. The developed eight-antenna array consists of two four-antenna sub-arrays having slight different physical dimensions. The antenna elements are all based on the stepped impedance resonator (SIR) structure, which are positioned along the two long borderlines of the ground plane in the mobile terminal. A wider bandwidth can be realized by properly choosing the electrical length ratio and impedance ratio of the SIR structure, and the system performance can be consequently improved. The measured results of the fabricated prototype show that the value of the return loss is larger than 10 dB and the value of the inter-element isolation is more than 11.7 dB within the entire 3.6-GHz band. Furthermore, the envelop correlation coefficient (ECC) between arbitrary two antenna elements is smaller than 0.1 for the developed eight-antenna MIMO array. Design details of the MIMO array as well as the simulated and experimental results will be given and discussed.

Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna for Deca-Band 5 G/LTE/WWAN Mobile Terminal Applications

AbstractIn this paper, a frequency reconfigurable antenna for 5 G/LTE/WWAN mobile terminal applications is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a radiation element which is folded on a dielectric cuboid. Four PIN diodes located on the antenna element are used for frequency reconfigration. By controlling the states of four PIN diodes with an 8-bit microcontroller, a broad band which can cover deca-band as LTE700/2300/2500, GSM850/900/1800/1900, UMTS 2100, WLAN2400 and the future 5 G or LTE3600 is obtained with a compacted size of 40×8×5mm3. The antenna gain, efficiency and radiation characteristics are also shown.

A Planar Switchable 3-D-Coverage Phased Array Antenna and Its User Effects for 28-GHz Mobile Terminal Applications

This paper introduces a planar switchable 3-D-coverage phased array for 28-GHz mobile terminal applications. In order to realize 3-D-coverage beam scan with a simple planar array, chassis surface waves are efficiently excited and controlled by three identical slot subarrays. Three subarrays switch their beams to three distinct regions. Each subarray works as a phased array to steer the beam within each region. Large coverage efficiency is achieved. (e.g., 80% of the space sphere has the realized gain of over 8 dBi.) The proposed antenna covers a bandwidth of over 2 GHz in the band of 28 GHz. User effects on the switchable array are also studied in both data mode and talk mode (voice) at 28 GHz. In talk mode, good directivity and beam switching can be realized by placing the switchable array at the top of the chassis (close to the index finger). And the user shadowing can be significantly reduced by placing it at the bottom of the chassis (close to the palm). In data mode, the switchable array, mounted at the top, achieves less body loss and larger coverage than at the bottom. The proposed antenna is fabricated and measured. The array at the top in talk mode is measured with a real human. The measurements align well with simulations.

Android APP Development of Remote Wireless Automatic Meter Reading System based on 3G

Urban water supply pipe network is critical infrastructure for the survival of people. Efficient operation of equipment, water supply and water safety are always received great attention from the government and operators. The existing way of manual meter reading and manual inspection has the drawbacks of waste time and labor. To solve this problem, we developed databases, software platforms and mobile terminal APP (Application) based on Android operating system to integrate a remote wireless automatic meter reading system based on the existing remote wireless automatic reading meter devices which are our previous research work. The system realizes the remote monitoring of the pipe network, and it also realizes the remote control of the monitoring nodes, such as the camera shooting, selection of monitoring node's working mode and so on, which data feedback is accurate and timely, monitoring methods is simple, fast and efficient. In addition, compared to traditional methods, the system greatly reduced the manpower and resources, reduce monitoring costs. And the tests and experiments show this remote wireless automatic meter reading and control system is useful and effective.