Application Of Zeolite Research Articles

Application of silver-exchanged zeolite for radioxenon mitigation at fission-based medical isotope production facilities

Atmospheric radioxenon releases from fission-based medical isotope production facilities are the main contributors to the radioxenon background being observed in the International Monitoring System (IMS) for the verification of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. This background is impacting the detection capability of the IMS network for potential nuclear explosions. Reducing the radioxenon emissions from these facilities requires the optimization of the corresponding filtration process. The investigation of more efficient Xe adsorption materials than Activated Carbon (AC), which is currently used for this application, can play an important role for such an optimization. In this work, the Xe adsorption capacity of silver-exchanged zeolites (AgZs) is compared to the one of ACs in relevant conditions for fission-based medical isotope production facilities. The most promising AgZ candidate, a silver-exchanged titanosilicate (Ag-ETS-10), is investigated in more detail for its application to further reduce radioxenon releases. As operational conditions depend on the production and off-gas treatment processes, the effect of Xe concentration, flow rate, temperature and moisture on the Xe adsorption in Ag-ETS-10 is reported. Furthermore, since AgZs are far more expensive than ACs, it is crucial to be able to regenerate the material, whilst maintaining its full Xe adsorption properties for successive reuse. Accordingly, the durability of Ag-ETS-10 is investigated with regard to desorption and adsorption cycles but also with regard to gamma irradiation.

Controllable Preparation of Cubic Zeolite A and Application of Langmuir Model in Carbon Dioxide Adsorption.

A large amount of remaining fly ash has been piled up or landfilled, which not only a waste of land resources but also results in a series of environmental problems. Therefore, using fly ash to produce high value-added products is a win-win development orientation between human beings and nature. In this study, zeolite A is successfully synthesized using a hydrothermal method using fly ash. Additionally, it is at 1.0 mol·L−1 of the alkali concentration that the crystallinity of zeolite A reaches the maximum value, about 96.6%. FTIR research shows that the main secondary structural unit D4R vibration band of zeolite A appears at 555 cm−1. The results of the SEM study indicate the structure of zeolite A is cubic. The TEM results show that the crystal structure of the zeolite A belongs to the body-centered cubic structure. Meanwhile, the positively charged sodium ions cooperate with the silicon oxygen tetrahedron and the aluminum oxygen tetrahedron to form the zeolite A skeleton. Carbon dioxide adsorption equilibrium study shows that the maximum adsorption capacity of zeolite A of 46.5 mL·g−1 is significantly higher than the maximum adsorption capacity of commercial-grade zeolite 4A of 39.3 mL·g−1. In addition, the application of the Langmuir model in the adsorption of carbon dioxide by commercial-grade zeolite 4A and zeolite A is studied, which not only extends the application of zeolite A, but can be further extended to other zeolite materials as well. Meanwhile, the adsorption process belongs to the Langmuir model, which is a single layer adsorption on an ideal surface.

Influence of Zeolite Application on Growth, Yield and Yield Attributes of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L.) in Rainfed Condition

A field experiment was conducted at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Gandhi Krishi vigyana Kendra, Bengaluru during kharif-2017 and 2018 to study the influence of zeolite application on growth and yield of finger millet crop. The pooled analysis showed significantly higher plant height recorded in the treatment which received zeolite 50 kg ha-1 +125 per cent RDF (Recommended dose of fertilizer) which was at par with the treatment which received zeolite 50 kg ha-1 +100 per cent RDF in 30, 60, 90 and at Harvest stage. The number of tillers per hill (3.44), total dry matter production (41.67 g hill-1), number of fingers per ear head (5.95), straw yield (36.07 q ha-1) and grain yield (48.00 q ha-1) was recorded in the treatment received zeolite 50 kg ha-1 +125 per cent RDF which was at par with the treatment which received zeolite 50 kg ha-1 +100 per cent RDF in pooled analysis.

Effects of zeolite and biofertilizers on yield components, yield and nutrients uptake in grains of two corn cultivars (cv. 6010 and ns71)

In order to study the effects of zeolite and biofertilizers on yield components, yield and nutrients uptake in grains of two corn cultivars (cv. 6010 and ns71), a field experiment was conducted as split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Neka, Mazandaran province, Iran in 2017 and 2018. The corn cultivars cv. 6010 and ns71 were the main plots and applications of zeolite and biofertilizers in 6 combinations including the zeolite application, Bacillus sp., arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), applications of zeolite + Bacillus sp., applications of zeolite + AMF and applications of zeolite + Bacillus sp. + AMF were considered as sub-plots. The results showed that by applications of zeolite + Bacillus sp. + AMF, increased the yield components and seed yield of corn. The maximum seed yield (4.48 t ha−1) was obtained with simultaneous application of zeolite and biofertilizers, and the yield decreased with separate application of zeolite by 31.2%. Among two cultivars used in the experiment, the ns71 cultivar was superior to 6010 cultivar in terms of seed yield. The seed nitrogen content was significantly increased in both cultivars during the two cropping seasons by AMF application. The combined application of zeolite + Bacillus sp. + AMF resulted in the highest amount of seed phosphorus (0.3910 ppm) in the ns71 cultivar in the second year of experiment. Therefore, the combined application of zeolite and biofertilizers is recommended to increase the quantitative and qualitative yield of corn.

Effect of zeolite on the growth and yield of broccoli in the dry season

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck) growth and yield are impacted in warmer climates, especially during the dry season. Broccoli gives low yield and quality although it is heat-tolerant cultivars. Zeolite is an organic material recognized as suitable for dry season plant growth because it can adsorb cations, nutrients and water and release on demand from the plant. Application of zeolite in the soil may improve broccoli growth and yield during the dry season. The trial preparation followed a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications involving five amounts of zeolite at 0, 1.56, 3.12, 4.68 and 6.24 t ha-1 using broccoli cultivar ‘Top Green’. Results showed that zeolite applications of 4.68 and 6.24 t ha-1 improved growth and yield parameters including plant width, stem diameter, time to 50% flowering and harvest, head diameter and head weight better than the other treatments. Application of zeolite at 6.24 t ha-1 gave high total broccoli yield of 8.45 t ha-1 but not significantly different (p?0.05) from 4.68 t ha-1 that gave 7.89 t ha-1. Results indicated that application of zeolite at 4.68 t ha-1 was optimal for reducing drought stress and enhancing effective growth and yield of broccoli.

New application of nano NaY zeolite in acrylic polymer pretanning agent

Modified nano NaY zeolite was used as pretanning agent additive in leather industry for the first time in order to decrease the chromium content in leather waste liquor and enhance the mechanical properties of leather. The synthetic nano NaY zeolite with the particle size of 70 nm was modified by silane coupling agent with carbon-carbon double bond, and then a series of MY/PMAA nanocomposites with different MY amounts were prepared by in-situ polymerization method. After then, these MY/PMAA samples were used as the pretanning agents to tan the pickled goat skin. The introduction of nano NaY zeolite was beneficial to improve the physical mechanical properties and sensory properties of the leather, and the chromium content in the waste liquor was also reduced effectively. It provides a new strategy for the development of chrome-less tanning agent and expands the new application of zeolite in leather industry. Nano NaY zeolite is used as pretanning additive agent in leather industry for the first time in order to decrease the chromium content in leather liquor and enhance the mechanical properties of tanned leather. • Nano NaY zeolite was introduced as pretanning additive agent in leather industry . • MY/PMAA pretanning agent enhanced physical properties of leather and decreased effectively the Cr content in the tanning liquor.

Soil Application of Zeolite Affects Inorganic Nitrogen, Water Soluble and Exchangeable Potassium

An incubation study was conducted at college of agriculture, rajendranagar, PJTSAU to evaluate the influence of zeolite application on inorganic nitrogen, water soluble and exchangeable potassium in soil. Clinoptilolite Zeolite was fully mixed with soil (7.5 t ha-1) at the start of the experiment. Nitrogen was applied to soil through urea (200 kg ha-l). The experiment was conducted for 35 days and soil was analyzed for inorganic nitrogen, water soluble and exchangeable potassium at weekly intervals i.e., 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 days of incubation. The results indicated that the treatment with zeolite application showed significantly higher ammoniacal nitrogen from day 1 (136.54 mg kg-l) to day 35 (38.71 mg kg-l) as well as nitrate nitrogen (day 1 – 59.13 mg kg-l; day 35 – 130.13 mg kg-l). Similarly water soluble (day 1 – 92.21 kg ha-l; day 35 – 103.13 kg ha-l) and exchangeable potassium (day 1 – 363.69 kg ha-l; day 35 – 393.94 kg ha-l) was also significantly higher in zeolite applied treatments. Thus, mixing of zeolite into soil improves inorganic nitrogen through reducing leaching losses and also improves water soluble and exchangeable potassium.

Investigating the Influence of Column Depth on the Treatment of Textile Wastewater Using Natural Zeolite.

Textile industry production processes generate one of the most highly polluted wastewaters in the world. Unfortunately, the field is also challenged by the availability of relatively cheap and highly effective technologies for wastewater purification. The application of natural zeolite as a depth filter offers an alternative and potential approach for textile wastewater treatment. The performance of a depth filter treatment system can be deeply affected by the column depth and the characteristics of the wastewater to be treated. Regrettably, the information on the potential of these filter materials for the purification of textile wastewater is still scarce. Therefore, this study investigated the potential applicability of natural zeolite in terms of column depth for the treatment of textile wastewater. From the analysis results, it was observed that the filtration efficiencies were relatively low (6.1 to 13.7%) for some parameters such as total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, and sodium chloride when the wastewater samples were subjected to the 0.5 m column depth. Relatively high efficiency of 82 and 93.8% was observed from color and total suspended solids, respectively, when the wastewater samples were subjected to the 0.5 m column depth. Generally, the 0.75 m column depth achieved removal efficiencies ranging from 52.3% to 97.5%, whereas the 1 m column depth achieved removal efficiencies ranging from 86.9% to 99.4%. The highest removal efficiency was achieved with a combination of total suspended solids and 1 m column depth (99.4%). In summary, the treatment approach was observed to be highly effective for the removal of total suspended solids, with a 93.8% removal efficiency when the wastewater was subjected to the 0.5 m column depth, 97.5% for 0.75 m column depth, and 99.4% for 1 m column depth. Moreover, up to 218.233 mg of color per g of the filter material was captured. The results derived in this study provide useful information towards the potential applicability of natural zeolite in the textile wastewater treatment field.

Radium removal from mine waters with the application of barium chloride and zeolite: comparison of efficiency

In several coal mines in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB), in Poland, radium removal from mine water was necessary in order to mitigate the negative results of radium release with mine effluents. The most efficient method of radium removal was based on the application of barium chloride, implemented in full technical scale in two Polish collieries. Removal efficiency exceeding 95% of the initial activity was achieved. The technology was implemented in full technical scale in two collieries. The problem was that barium chloride is dangerous to health and moreover continuous use of the powdered chemical was required to achieve good results. Therefore, the possible application of zeolite for radium removal was tested in laboratory experiments. This passive technique would be less hazardous for miners and would not require full-time supervision meaning it would enable a reduction in workload. The main goal of the investigations described in this paper was to check the capability of zeolites to remove natural radionuclides from mine waters and compare the removal efficiency of radium isotopes with the results obtained from the application of barium chloride solution for the same purpose.

A review on the application of nanoporous zeolite for sanitary landfill leachate treatment.

This review deals with low-cost nanoporous zeolites for the treatment of sanitary landfill leachate. Organic contaminants and ammoniacal nitrogen are significant parameters in landfill leachate treatment. Adsorption processes are regarded as promising alternative treatment options in this respect. Zeolites are aluminosilicate materials that are widely used in separation, filtration, adsorption and catalysis. Natural zeolite is a low-cost and readily available form of zeolite and is a promising candidate to be used as an ion-exchange material for ammonia and other inorganic pollutant removal from landfill leachate. In this review, adsorption isotherms and kinetic models in batch systems are evaluated and adsorption design parameters of the fixed-bed system are presented. Studies on ammonia removal from landfill leachate via zeolites have been thoroughly investigated. Leachate treatment systems combined with zeolites are presented. Cost of zeolites are also reported in comparison with other adsorbents. The investigated studies demonstrate that activated zeolite can improve the removal of chemical oxygen demand, NH3-N and colour significantly compared to the case where raw zeolite is used. Moreover, the composite of activated carbon and zeolite is also favorable for ammonia removal according to reported findings, where best adsorptive removal is attained on the composite media (24.39 mg/g).

Application of zeolite improves water and nitrogen use efficiency while increasing essential oil yield and quality of Salvia officinalis under water-deficit stress

Soil moisture and nitrogen (N) are two of the most important factors affecting the production of medicinal plants. So, the management strategy of these factors is critical and to be identified. In order to study the application of zeolite (Z) (0 and 10 ton ha−1) in S. officinalis culture medium under different irrigation regimes (30 % depletion of available soil water (ASW)) and 60 % depletion of ASW) and N (0, 75 and 150 kg N ha−1) a split-factorial experiment was carried out with three replicates in 2018. The highest fresh and dry weight were achieved at irrigation after 30 % depletion of ASW while using 150 kg N ha−1 and 10 ton Z ha−1. Maximum water use efficiency (WUE) (22.10 g.L-1) was obtained after 60 % depletion of ASW and 150 kg N ha−1 and 10 ton Z ha−1. Besides, the maximum nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was obtained after 60 % depletion of ASW and 75 kg N ha−1 and 10 ton Z ha−1 (14.25 kg.kg-1N). Maximum essential oil (EO) content (1.06%) and cis-Thujone were obtained from plants subjected to 60 % depletion of ASW and, application of 75 kg N ha−1 and 10 ton Z ha−1. Applying Z with N, in different irrigation regimes did improve soil conditions for achieving higher, WUE and NUE, increased the EO content and yield while decreasing the negative effects from water-deficit stress and has provided a direction towards a stable system.

Removal Performance of Faecal Indicators by Natural and Silver-Modified Zeolites of Various Particle Sizes under Dynamic Batch Experiments: Preliminary Results

One of the oldest and most promising applications of natural zeolites (NZs) is in water and wastewater treatment processes. Modified zeolites (MZs), with improved ion exchange and adsorption capacities, have been extensively applied to the removal of pollutants from aqueous solutions. However, the application of MZs in pathogens or indicator organisms has not been extensively explored. This study examines the effect of both natural Greek zeolite (NZ), with a clinoptilolite content of up to 85% (OLYMPUS SA-INDUSTRIAL MINERALS), and modified Greek zeolite through incorporation with silver ions (Ag-MNZ), on the survival of two selected faecal indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis). A series of dynamic batch experiments with a slow agitation of 12 rpm were conducted at a constant ambient temperature (22°C) in order to examine the inactivation of the above bacteria by NZ and Ag-MNZ. It was found that the Ag-MNZ resulted in a much higher reduction in the bacterial numbers when compared to the NZ and the control (absence of zeolites). Moreover, the reduction in bacterial numbers was affected by NZ particle size, with higher removal rates observed for coarse (1–3 mm) than for fine (0–1 mm) NZ. Finally, the E. faecalis was found to be more resistant than E. coli to Ag-MNZ.

Mineral Composition of Potted Cabbage (Brassica Oleracea Var. Capitata L.) Grown in Zeolite Amended Sandy Soil

Abstract Vegetables are essential components in human diets because they are rich in vitamins, minerals, and dietary fibre. There is a growing interest in human nutrition enhancement through vegetable consumption to reduce micro mineral deficiencies, especially in households with low buying power. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of zeolite amendment on the mineral composition of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.), in relation to the soil chemical status. The experiment was carried out over two growing seasons (winter/spring) of 2018 and 2019. The treatments were in the ratios of 0:10, 1:9, 2:8, 3:7 zeolite to sandy soil, on a weight-to-weight basis. Zeolite improved soil chemical status (p < 0.05), except for soil iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) contents. There was also a general improvement of macro minerals in cabbage with increased zeolite application, especially in the second season. Zeolite did not improve the micronutrients of the vegetable. This indicates that cabbage planted under zeolite amended soils provides no additional contribution to the fight against micronutrient deficiencies. However, zeolite showed potential for soil conditioning in soil macronutrients and soil pH.

Advances in the Synthesis of Crystalline Metallosilicate Zeolites via Interlayer Expansion.

Given the numerous industrial applications of zeolites as adsorbents, catalysts, and ion-exchangers, the development of new zeolite structures is highly desired to expand their practical applications. Currently, a general route to develop new zeolite structures is to use interlayer expansion agents to connect layered silicates. In this review, we briefly summarize the novel zeolite structures constructed from the lamellar precursor zeolites MWW, RUB-36, PREFER, Nu-6(1), COK-5, and PLS-1 via interlayer expansion. The contents of the summary contain detailed experiments, physicochemical characterizations, possible expansion mechanisms, and catalytic properties. In addition, the insertion of metal heteroatoms (such as Ti, Fe, Sn) into the layered zeolite precursor through interlayer expansion, which could be helpful to modify the catalytic function, is discussed.

Effects and mechanisms of Cd remediation with zeolite in brown rice (Oryza sativa)

The effects of zeolite amendment on the Cd absorption and accumulation of two varieties of rice, ZY-18 (Zheyou 18, hybrid indica) and DL-5 (Donglian 5, conventional indica), planted in a slightly Cd-contaminated paddy soil, and the associated mechanisms were studied based on a pot experiment. The results showed that zeolite addition significantly reduced the Cd availability in the soil by the increasing of soil pH and the Cd sorption capacity of soil, as well as the reduction of Eh, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and the water-soluble Fe/Mn in the soil. The decrease in the amount of Fe and Cd in iron plaques on rice roots treated with zeolite resulted in the reduction of Cd uptake by rice roots. Zeolite application decreased the Cd contents in the roots, stems and leaves, and finally the brown rice through the inhibition of uptake and translocation of Cd by rice plant. The Cd concentration in rice grains of ZY-18 was more decreased than that of DL-5, which was attributed to its higher pH and lower Eh, DOC, and Cd availability in the soil, higher mounts of iron plaque and Cd in plaques on rice roots, and lower root-to-grain transfer factor (TFroot-grain) of ZY-18.

Effect of Zeolite Application and Seed Priming with Salicylic Acid on Decreasing the Cd Concentration of Inoculated Plant with Piriformospora indica Fungus under Drought Stress

Today, urban management seems necessary to remediate soils contaminated with heavy metals, especially in industrial regions. Thus, this research was done to evaluate the effect of zeolite and seed pre-treatment with salicylic acid on reducing the Cd sorption by ornamental sunflower under drought stress. Treatments (48 treatments) consisted of applying zeolite (0 and 5 % (W/W)) in the Cd (0 and 15 mg Cd (kg soil)-1) polluted soil under cultivation of ornamental sunflower that was inoculated with P.indica in normal and intensive drought stress condition. The plants seeds were pretreated with salicylic acid (0, 0.5 and 1 mM). After 90 days, plants were harvested and atomic absorption spectroscopy (Perkin-Elmer 3030) was used for determining the Pb and Zn concentration. Application of zeolite in the soil significantly decreased and increased the plant Cd and Zn concentration by 11.3 and 14.2%, respectively. Seed priming with salicylic acid at the rate of 1 mM significantly increased the plant Zn and Cd concentration by 12.7 and 14.2%, respectively. In addition, plant inoculation with P.indica significantly decreased the catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzyme activity which indicate the plant resistance to abiotic stress. However, drought stress had adverse effect on the Cd sorption by plants. Moreover, the CAT and APX enzymes activities were increased. The results of this study showed that applying zeolite and seed priming with salicylic acid had additive effects on decreasing the Cd sorption by ornamental sunflower that was inoculated with P.indica fungus under drought stress.

A Review on the Application of Zeolites and Mesoporous Silica Materials in the Removal of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Antibiotics from Water.

Zeolites and mesoporous silica materials are effective adsorbents that can be useful for the removal of various pharmaceuticals including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics from low-quality water. This paper summarizes the properties and basic characteristics of zeolites and mesoporous silica materials and reviews the recent studies on the efficacy of the adsorption of selected non-steroidal medicinal products and antibiotics by these adsorbents to assess the potential opportunities and challenges of using them in water treatment. It was found that the adsorption capacity of sorbents with high silica content is related to their surface hydrophobicity (hydrophilicity) and structural features, such as micropore volume and pore size, as well as the properties of the studied medicinal products. This review can be of help to scientists to develop an effective strategy for reducing the amount of these two groups of pharmaceuticals in wastewater.

Modified Zeolite as Purification Material in Wastewater Treatment: A Review

Natural zeolite is a hydrated aluminosilicate substance that has excellent ion exchange and adsorption properties and is environmentally and economically friendly. This review describes the current application and modification of zeolite in wastewater treatment using acid and surfactants, zeolite composites (such as zeolite membranes), permeable reactive barriers and photocatalysts. The properties of zeolite as well as the regeneration and desorption of cast-off zeolite are briefly reviewed. Modifications are made to improve the capability of zeolite in wastewater treatment facilities. Furthermore, this review proposes the integration of zeolite and other available technologies to treat emerging pollutants in wastewater. Different types of zeolite (natural and synthetic zeolite of different origins) are compared, and their properties are evaluated. Different type of pollutants and treatment methods involving zeolite are also discussed. Zeolite is enhanced to solve the problem of various pollutants in wastewater.

Effects of natural clinoptilolite on physiology, water stress, sugar, and anthocyanin content in Sanforte (Vitis viniferaL.) young vineyard

AbstractIn the Mediterranea area, major effects of climate change are a modification in rainfall patterns, an increase in temperature with an intensify in tropical nights, and an increase in incoming radiations, especially UV-Bs. Despite the various adaptation strategies, grapevines are sensitive to altered climatic conditions. This paper aims to assess the benefits of applying a new sustainable product to the soil that can implement farmers’ resources to adapt to this changing situation. Zeowine was realized by combining the properties of zeolite, which has excellent potential in many sectors such as in agriculture, with the organic substance of a compost obtained on a company scale from the reuse of waste processing grapes, pomace and stalks. The effects of two different soil management (Z – Zeowine, 30 t/ha dose and C – Compost, 20 t/ha dose) on vine physiology and berry compositions in Sanforte grapevines (new plantation) were studied during the 2019–2020–2021 growing seasons in the San Miniato area, Italy. The following physiological parameters of grapevines were measured: leaf gas exchange, leaf temperature, stem water potential and chlorophyll fluorescence. The results showed that Z increased single leaf photosynthesis, reduced leaf temperature and water stress. In addition, phenolic and technological parameters were studied. The Z-treated vines had higher sugar content and total and extractable anthocyanin content as well as berry weight. These results suggested that the application of zeolites added to compost in the vineyard to the soil can be a valid tool to mitigate the effects of climate change.

Emerging applications of zeolites in catalysis, separation and host–guest assembly

Emerging applications of zeolites in catalysis, separation and host–guest assembly