Abstract
AbstractIn the Mediterranea area, major effects of climate change are a modification in rainfall patterns, an increase in temperature with an intensify in tropical nights, and an increase in incoming radiations, especially UV-Bs. Despite the various adaptation strategies, grapevines are sensitive to altered climatic conditions. This paper aims to assess the benefits of applying a new sustainable product to the soil that can implement farmers’ resources to adapt to this changing situation. Zeowine was realized by combining the properties of zeolite, which has excellent potential in many sectors such as in agriculture, with the organic substance of a compost obtained on a company scale from the reuse of waste processing grapes, pomace and stalks. The effects of two different soil management (Z – Zeowine, 30 t/ha dose and C – Compost, 20 t/ha dose) on vine physiology and berry compositions in Sanforte grapevines (new plantation) were studied during the 2019–2020–2021 growing seasons in the San Miniato area, Italy. The following physiological parameters of grapevines were measured: leaf gas exchange, leaf temperature, stem water potential and chlorophyll fluorescence. The results showed that Z increased single leaf photosynthesis, reduced leaf temperature and water stress. In addition, phenolic and technological parameters were studied. The Z-treated vines had higher sugar content and total and extractable anthocyanin content as well as berry weight. These results suggested that the application of zeolites added to compost in the vineyard to the soil can be a valid tool to mitigate the effects of climate change.
Highlights
Climate change can affect agriculture in several aspects (Cline, 2008)
The results showed that Z increased single leaf photosynthesis, reduced leaf temperature and water stress
The Z-treated vines had higher sugar content and total and extractable anthocyanin content as well as berry weight. These results suggested that the application of zeolites added to compost in the vineyard to the soil can be a valid tool to mitigate the effects of climate change
Summary
Climate change can affect agriculture in several aspects (Cline, 2008). An increase in intensity and frequency of many extreme climate events, a decrease in rainfall and frequent heat waves can be identified such as characteristics of climate change (Houghton, 2005; Gourdji et al, 2013). With excessive increase temperatures, warming leads to reduce crop yields because plants increase the speed of their development, producing less in the process (Hedhly et al, 2009; Chen et al, 2020). The increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration can enhance photosynthesis, as a carbon source and reduce transpiration rates (Burkart et al, 2011; Deryng et al, 2016), on the other, the higher temperatures affect the ability of plants to use and obtain moisture (Viciedo et al, 2021). High temperatures lead to a decline in stomatal conductance (gs) characteristic of upsurging water stress (Trahan and Schubert, 2016)
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