Train Applications Research Articles

THE ROLE OF EDUCATION IN ENSURING NATIONAL SECURITY: TRAINING OF SCIENTIFIC PERSONNEL FOR THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE

The article deals with the main aspects of training of higher education applicants in higher military educational institutions and scientific institutions of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine. The author analyzes the regulatory framework for the acquisition of professional competence of higher education students in higher military educational institutions and scientific institutions of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine. The national security of Ukraine is an integral part and priority goal of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine, which accordingly determines the main factors of stable development of society. Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine has created the conditions for the emergence of a hybrid form of warfare using the information space, which has forced the creation of new approaches to ensuring and maintaining the national security of the state. In this case, an important role is played by the training of students to acquire competencies in the development and testing of weapons and military equipment, which in today's conditions requires constant updating. Graduates of higher education institutions and research institutions of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine must take into account the peculiarities of the production of weapons and military equipment in a timely manner in order to ensure the country's defense capability.
 The issue of training applicants in the modern conditions of the modern educational process should focus on the ability to make decisions in martial law and uncertainty. The level of education of students will be higher, the broader the chosen field of knowledge, as well as the ability to design solutions in an uncertain situation, which will allow them to have a wider range of possible decision-making methods. Therefore, raising the level of training of students in military sciences will create the preconditions for further implementation of measures that will ensure the development of personnel in the system of higher military education and increase Ukraine's defence capabilities.

Do applicants from Generation X, Y, Z differ in personality traits? data from selection procedures in aviation (1987-2019).

The objective of this study is to research personality trait differences across generations and the impact of age, gender and self-presentation on these traits. A total of 82,147 applicants (aged 17-24) for aviation training (pilot, air traffic controller), born between 1965 and 2002, were divided into three cohorts (Generation X, Y, Z). We analysed data from the temperament structure scales (TSS) personality questionnaire, which was collected during selection procedures between 1987 and 2019. Generational differences were analysed by ANCOVAs with generation and gender as group factors, controlled by age and self-presentation (social desirability). Age had no significant impact, but we observed slight gender differences in emotional stability, vitality, empathy, and self-presentation across all generations. The generational differences found exhibited extremely small effect sizes, suggesting that applicants have become more extraverted, controlled (with lower aggression and higher rigidity), and inclined to present themselves in a more favourable manner. We discuss the implications of these findings for the aviation industry and the applicability of Generation theory in personality trait research.

FSO communication system for high-speed trains under varying visibility conditions

High-speed train systems are rapidly growing in complexity and coverage, demanding efficient high-speed internet services. Existing radio frequency technology struggles to meet these demands due to handover mechanisms and limited connectivity times. Furthermore, current free-space optics (FSO) techniques require a large number of base stations (BSs), resulting in high costs. This study presents a novel high-speed train communication technique, using FSO, that significantly reduces the number of required BSs while maintaining sufficient coverage and data speeds. The proposed technique can be adapted for fixed or variable representations of transmitted and received power, providing a fixed or variable data rate. The research also investigates the impact of divergence angle on transmitted and received power. By employing the proposed communication technique, a system with a fixed data rate, such as 1.25 Gbps, can be achieved. The results demonstrate the potential of this approach in high-speed train applications, reducing the number of BSs from 113, as reported in the best existing literature, to less than 10. Weather conditions, including clear, haze, thin fog, light fog, and heavy fog, are considered when calculating the required BS locations to achieve a target data rate. Additionally, this work introduces a new handover mechanism and mathematical formulation, providing a more comprehensive solution for high-speed train communication systems. The simulations and evaluations conducted in this study are based on parameters and equations from previous works to ensure a fair comparison.

Design, development, and testing of a 6.6 MVA HTS traction transformer for high-speed train applications

High-temperature superconducting traction transformers (HTSTTs) have the merits of small size and lightweight in comparison with their conventional counterparts. This article reports the development progress of a 6.6 MVA HTSTT operating at 65 K, including the design, testing, and system cooling. The introduction of flux diverters and an optimized winding design realized a short-circuit impedance higher than 43% and AC loss less than 3 kW. The insulation structure was designed to pass insulation tests specified in standard in China GB/T 25120-2010. An open cooling system with reduced pressure was developed, which realized the efficiency of the 6.6 MVA HTSTT above 99%. Before assembling the prototype transformer, we conducted tests for critical current and dielectric performance of the HTS double pancake coils (DPCs) used in high-voltage (HV) and low-voltage (LV) windings to verify the current-carrying and insulation performances of each DPC. Finally, we measured the critical current and no-load loss of the HTSTT prototype at 77 K. Test results showed that the mass of the transformer is 33% less than conventional transformers. At 77 K, the critical current of the LV winding and HV winding is higher than 700 A and 50 A, respectively. Moreover, the HTSTT on a no-load test reached the test voltage of 25 000 V and loss of 6 kW. In the next step, we will continue to conduct experimental research, and verify the feasibility of the HTSTT on the train, and develop a circulating cooling system, all meeting the commercial requirements of the HTSTT.

Assessing Trends in Supply and Demand for Pediatric Surgery Training

This study assessed the supply and demand for Pediatric Surgery training in the U.S. from 2008 to 2022. We hypothesized that in the Pediatric Surgery Match: match rates would increase over time; U.S. MD Graduates would have higher match rates than non-U.S. MD Graduates; and fewer applicants would match at one of their top fellowship choices. This was a retrospective cohort study of Pediatric Surgery Match applicants (2008-2022). Cochran-Armitage tests elucidated temporal trends and chi square tests compared outcomes by applicant archetype. Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited Pediatric Surgery training programs in the United States and non-ACGME-accredited programs in Canada. A total of 1,133 applicants for Pediatric Surgery training. From 2008 to 2012, growth in the annual number of fellowship positions (34-43, 27% increase) exceeded growth in number of applicants (62-69, 11% increase) (p < 0.001). Over the study period, the applicant-to-training ratio peaked at 2.1 to 2.2 in 2017 to 2018 and decreased to 1.4 to 1.6 in 2021 to 2022. The annual match rate for U.S. MD Graduates increased from 60% to 68% (p < 0.05), but decreased from 40% to 22% (p < 0.05) for non-U.S. MD Graduates. In 2022, there was a 3.1-fold difference in match rates between U.S. MD and non-U.S. MD Graduates (68% vs 22%, p < 0.001). The percentage of applicants that matched at their first choice (25%-20%, p < 0.001), second choice (11%-4%, p < 0.001), and third choice (7%-4%, p < 0.001) fellowships decreased over the study period. The percentage of applicants that matched at their fourth choice to least desirable fellowship increased from 23% to 33% (p < 0.001). The demand for Pediatric Surgery training peaked in 2017 to 2018 and has decreased since. However, the Pediatric Surgery Match remains competitive especially for non-U.S. MD Graduates. More research is needed to understand barriers to matching into Pediatric Surgery for non-U.S. MD Graduates.

중국 교사 AI교육정책의 도입 및 시사점

Now that global attention is paid to AI education, China is aggressively implementing AIeducation for teachers at the government level. China which induced AI education early to theregular curriculum is producing teachers through teacher training and re-education courses. Thisstudy investigated the introduction and current status of teacher AI education in China mainlywith both nonconfidential and confidential documents and analyzed the characteristics of it. Inthat process, this researcher examined problems related with teacher supply and demand andthe policy of flexibility in different school levels and also analyzed feasibility and problemsassociated with the placement of applicants for teacher training and the plan to appointnonregular teachers. Korea requires a systematic approach to expanding AI education andtraining related teachers from now on. To reduce problems that may occur in it, this authorintended to derive implications from the cases in China regarding the sufficient input ofbudgets, the matter of political use, teachers’ voluntary participation and support from theMinistry of Education, or connection with career education. This study was written mainlythrough literature review, but expert interviews were done, too, partly.

Gender diversity in urology scientific meetings: an analysis of the last nine years.

The importance of gender diversity is well recognized. Despite promising change in addressing gender disparity, there remains a significant gap in women's representation in urology. Worldwide, a lack of diversity has been observed at scientific meetings. This study analyses the trend in women's representation at the Urological Society of Australia and New Zealand Annual Scientific Meeting (USANZ ASM) over the last nine years. We retrospectively collected data from eight conference programs between 2014 and 2022, evaluating the trend in the proportion of women represented in various sections. A difference of proportions test was performed to determine whether a significant change was seen from year to year. A significant increase in women's representation was observed, the most significant increase was evident in the last three years, chairpersons increased from 5.9% to 44.1% (P = 0.003), international speakers from 11.7% to 39.1% (P ≤ 0.001), expert speakers from 19.1% to 42.0% (P = 0.002), and total speakers from 19.5% to 34.7% (P ≤ 0.001). Our study shows that a significant increase in the representation of women at the USANZ ASM has been achieved over the last three years. Unfortunately, this increase in representation has not been mirrored in the number of women trainees and training applicants. Additionally, this increase in representation well exceeds the proportion of women who are USANZ members, and is unevenly distributed across topics. A positive change has been observed, the challenge remains in dealing with unconscious bias and balancing the fine line between inclusivity and tokenism.

Tracer Study of Graduates in Entrepreneurship through the Lens of Expectancy Theory

This tracer study aims to determine if there is an alignment between the application of learnings in the Entrepreneurship program and the various pieces of training based on the graduates’ present entrepreneurial experience. This paper considers the perspective of Entrepreneurship graduates from 2017-2022. The descriptive correlational method was used. Communication skills are the top competency learned in the program. Specifically, the Spearman partial correlation showed a significant association between the applicability of learning and various training in the program while controlling for the core values and program educational objectives. The study supports the expectancy theory that graduates believed that the learnings and training in the program are essential as entrepreneurs.

LiNbO3 dynamic memristors for reservoir computing.

Information in conventional digital computing platforms is encoded in the steady states of transistors and processed in a quasi-static way. Memristors are a class of emerging devices that naturally embody dynamics through their internal electrophyiscal processes, enabling nonconventional computing paradigms with enhanced capability and energy efficiency, such as reservoir computing. Here, we report on a dynamic memristor based on LiNbO3. The device has nonlinear I-V characteristics and exhibits short-term memory, suitable for application in reservoir computing. By time multiplexing, a single device can serve as a reservoir with rich dynamics which used to require a large number of interconnected nodes. The collective states of five memristors after the application of trains of pulses to the respective memristors are unique for each combination of pulse patterns, which is suitable for sequence data classification, as demonstrated in a 5 × 4 digit image recognition task. This work broadens the spectrum of memristive materials for neuromorphic computing.

Assessment and improvement of the competitiveness of OHPE based on the use of digital marketing tools

The competitiveness of OHPE is one of the most important issues. The article aimed to determine whether it is possible to assess the competitiveness of the OHPE based on digital marketing tools. The results and tools presented in the study can serve as a basis for evaluating other types of organizations providing services in the Kazakhstan market. The authors used analysis tools used in digital marketing: Google Trends, Wordstat.yandex, Similarweb, LiveDune and Popsters platforms, as well as analysis of site traffic, page activity and other tools. As a result of the study, it was found that the most popular university in search queries is KazNU. Al-Farabi. A strong relationship has been determined between the number of applicants for grant training in 2022 and the number of search query rankings in Google. As well as a strong relationship between the number of Youtube subscribers and the QS WUP regional ranking indicators. The value of this article is the use of modern tools for analyzing the activity of digital marketing activities and correlation analysis with indicators of competitiveness presented in the rating organizations QS WUP, WEBOMETRICS and IQAA.

Learning in the workplace: evidence on the role of behavioural job crafting on fostering self-perceived employability

PurposeGiven the instability and volatility of the labour market and the global talent scarcity, placing more attention on job employability is fundamental. In this context, the literature has already extensively examined employability as a crucial individual aspect, identifying some significant antecedents, including the applicability of training on the job. The present study aims to examine the impact that teaching employees to craft their job may have on the levels of applicability of training and if, in turn, this improves self-perceived employability.Design/methodology/approachThe authors involved three private organizations that followed three workshops on job crafting behaviour. To empirically assess the intervention, the authors asked participants of the workshop to complete four quantitative diaries on a weekly basis, i.e. one per week, one before the intervention and three after the intervention. The diaries comprised measures of job crafting behaviours, applicability of training and self-perceived employability.FindingsMulti-level analysis of data collected provided support to the positive associations between job crafting behaviour and self-perceived employability with the mediating effect of applicability of training. Notably, the applicability of training improves when individuals search for challenges, which indirectly affects perceived employability in terms of organizational sense.Research limitations/implicationsIn the present study, no control group was used with which the results of our intervention could be compared. However, this does not affect the overall results, given the amount of intraindividual variability.Originality/valueThe paper proposes initial avenues for promoting employability at work via the use of behavioural job crafting intervention.

Moral values of a future military pilot as the reliability of predicted professional psychological selection

Abstract. Aim. To identify one of the problems of professional psychological selection of applicants for training in a higher military flight school, to show the importance of moral values in the professional development of a military pilot and the impact of their presence or absence on the quality of the prediction as part of professional psychological selection. At present, the progress and constant modernisation of the Russian Air Force aircraft fleet places ever higher demands on the level of professionalism of a modern military pilot. In this context, there is a growing need for greater numbers of indicators diagnosed during professional psychological selection (PPS) that are later used to predict the success of military flight training and professional activity in general. That is primarily due to the fact that recently more and more attention has been paid to the role of the personality and its integrative function. However, at present, the existing flight crew PPS system does not provide a comprehensive diagnosis of a candidate’s personality.Methods. Based on a theoretical analysis of the work conducted by researchers and practitioners of aviation psychology and various approaches to the study of the professional fitness of flight personnel, it was identified that the key element in the diagnosis of professional fitness is the personality with its integrative function and the whole set of professionally important qualities. The analysis of literature in aviation psychology shows that personal qualities determine motivation, focus and sustained interest in flight work, as well as the social type of behaviour and a person’s adaptation to specific conditions of flight activity and military service.Results. A pilot’s professionalism begins with shaping the personality. Nowadays, the loss of spiritual guidelines has led to a dramatic simplification of moral values and patriotic spirit, and young people are more focused on consumerism. Selecting candidates for military aviation involves the use of a diverse set of diagnostic techniques that helps evaluate the most important psychological and personal qualities. However, the experience of application of personal questionnaires shows that they do not always represent a complete picture of an applicant’s motivation, personality orientation, self-awareness and basic values. The use of projective and hardware-based methods is minimised, the existing automated system for professional psychological selection (ASPPS) is insufficiently equipped with methods that diagnose personal qualities, the emphasis being placed on diagnosing cognitive processes. The century-old history of PPS shows a violation of the principle of personal integrity, which isexpressed in the bias towards psychophysiology. As a result, at present, the existing flight crew PPS does not provide a comprehensive diagnosis of a candidate’s personality.Conclusions. In conclusion, it is noted that the key element in the diagnosis of professional aptitude is the personality with all its PIQ and moral values. Growing numbers of diagnosed indicators in the personal block of the PIQ will enable a comprehensive diagnosis of a candidate, and thanks to a combination of survey and projective methods, it will help increase the reliability of the PPS prediction, provided that an applicant’s personality is treated holistically, based on the principles of an integrative approach to the person as an integral personality.

Solar and Wind Quantity 24 h—Series Prediction Using PDE-Modular Models Gradually Developed according to Spatial Pattern Similarity

The design and implementation of efficient photovoltaic (PV) plants and wind farms require a precise analysis and definition of specifics in the region of interest. Reliable Artificial Intelligence (AI) models can recognize long-term spatial and temporal variability, including anomalies in solar and wind patterns, which are necessary to estimate the generation capacity and configuration parameters of PV panels and wind turbines. The proposed 24 h planning of renewable energy (RE) production involves an initial reassessment of the optimal day data records based on the spatial pattern similarity in the latest hours and their follow-up statistical AI learning. Conventional measurements comprise a larger territory to allow the development of robust models representing unsettled meteorological situations and their significant changes from a comprehensive aspect, which becomes essential in middle-term time horizons. Differential learning is a new unconventionally designed neurocomputing strategy that combines differentiated modules composed of selected binomial network nodes as the output sum. This approach, based on solutions of partial differential equations (PDEs) defined in selected nodes, enables us to comprise high uncertainty in nonlinear chaotic patterns, contingent upon RE local potential, without an undesirable reduction in data dimensionality. The form of back-produced modular compounds in PDE models is directly related to the complexity of large-scale data patterns used in training to avoid problem simplification. The preidentified day-sample series are reassessed secondary to the training applicability, one by one, to better characterize pattern progress. Applicable phase or frequency parameters (e.g., azimuth, temperature, radiation, etc.) are related to the amplitudes at each time to determine and solve particular node PDEs in a complex form of the periodic sine/cosine components. The proposed improvements contribute to better performance of the AI modular concept of PDE models, a cable to represent the dynamics of complex systems. The results are compared with the recent deep learning strategy. Both methods show a high approximation ability in radiation ramping events, often in PV power supply; moreover, differential learning provides more stable wind gust predictions without undesirable alterations in day errors, namely in over-break frontal fluctuations. Their day average percentage approximation of similarity correlation on real data is 87.8 and 88.1% in global radiation day-cycles and 46.7 and 36.3% in wind speed 24 h. series. A parametric C++ executable program with complete spatial metadata records for one month is available for free to enable another comparative evaluation of the conducted experiments.

Applicability of social skills training with vulnerable adolescents in Brazil: an integrative literature review

Applicability of social skills training with vulnerable adolescents in Brazil: an integrative literature review

Role of e-learning environments in training applicants for higher education in the realities of large-scale military aggression

Electronic educational environments in the conditions of quarantine restrictions of COVID-19 have become a common phenomenon for the organization of distance educational activities. The purpose of the article is to analyze the role of electronic educational environments in the process of training applicants for higher education. General scientific, pedagogical methods were used. In the results, the general properties of the Internet educational platforms common in Ukraine, the peculiarities of using the Moodle and Prometheus platforms were discussed. The conclusions state that the military actions drew the attention of universities in Ukraine to the formation of their own educational platforms.

Exact and Numerical Treatment of a Special Kind of the Pantograph Model via Laplace Technique

The Pantograph is a device of practical application in electric trains, by which the current is collected. The mathematical problem of this device is generally given by the delay differential equation φ’(t) = αy(t) + βφ(γt), where α and β are real constants and γ is a proportional delay parameter. In the literature, a special attention has been given to the particular case γ = −1. The objective of this paper is to extend the application of the Laplace transform (LT) combined with the Adomian decomposition method (ADM) to analyze the above model at such particular case of γ. The solution will be determined in exact form which agrees with the corresponding results in the literature. Various properties of the obtained exact solution are discussed in detail. Moreover, it will be declared that for sufficiently small values of α compared to β there exists an accurate approximate solution. The accuracy of the approximate solution is numerically validated. In addition, some numerical results are conducted for the behavior of the present solution at selected values of α and β.

Information and Analytical Activity as a Scientific and Educational Discipline: Evolution, Development Trends

The purpose of the work is to outline the main meaningful components of information-analytical activity (IAA), in this context, to show the process of evolution of the IAA discipline in response to the challenges of the information society and its need for new specialists with new knowledge competencies in the conditions of digitisation. The research methodology consists in the application of a complex of general scientific and special methods, namely: analytical and synthetic processing of information, abstraction, generalisation, logical and systemic approaches, terminological and historical methods, as well as comparison and interrelationship of theory and practice. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the expansion of ideas about the role of the discipline "Information and analytical activity" in the formation of competences in the training of specialists in the specialty "Information, library and archive" and their influence on the development of modern society in the conditions of informatisation and digitisation. Conclusions. The analysis of scientific publications on the development and functioning of information and analytical activities in society, the study of relevant regulatory documents, in particular, educational and professional programs and educational standards, curricula for the specialty "Information, library and archival affairs" shows that, that the discipline "Information and analytical activity" (or "Information analytics") will continue to be in demand in the process of training applicants of the specified direction. Firstly, this is due to the fact that the processes of information and analytical activity permeate the activities of all information institutions and other organisations, which in one way or another are related to work with information and various documents. The need for information and analytical products of libraries and other information institutions is due to the objective request of users to get an idea of the main trends of changes in the meaningful filling of large masses of information in response to the challenges of the digital society. Secondly, the widespread development and implementation of information and communication technologies, the emergence of new types of documents and information carriers, a new level of evolution of analytical technologies, require future information specialists to have a deep knowledge of information and analytical processes and high level of digital competence. This will ensure the flexibility and adaptability of the educational system to new types of professional activity that appear as a result of digital transformation. Keywords: information activity, analytical activity, information and analytical support, analytics, information needs of users, information products and services, digitalisation.

Exploring the Cross-cultural Applicability of a Brief Compassionate Mind Training: a Study Comparing Sri Lankan and UK People

ObjectivesCompassionate Mind Training (CMT) is a therapeutic approach proven to be effective for reducing distress and increasing well-being in clinical and non-clinical populations. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of a short-term, online version of the CMT on compassion, distress, and well-being in a cross-cultural, non-clinical sample of Sri Lankan and UK people.MethodA randomized controlled trial with pre-, post-measurements, and a 2-week follow-up was conducted using CMT (n = 21 Sri Lankan, n = 73 UK) and wait-list control (n = 17 Sri Lankan, n = 54 UK) groups. The intervention effects were investigated using a series of repeated-measures ANOVAs using intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses.ResultsThe 2-week CMT was effective in increasing all aspects of compassion in both Sri Lankan and UK people. In addition, some cross-cultural similarities and differences (in the factors affecting compassion) were present in the improvements following CMT between the two countries, which were maintained at a 2-week follow-up.ConclusionThis study provides promising evidence for the efficacy and cross-cultural applicability of CMT for reducing distress and increasing well-being.

WORKSHOP ANALISIS DATA KUANTITATIF DAN KUALITATIF UNTUK AKADEMISI DAN PROFESIONAL

Problems with data processing and analysis capabilities often hinder lecturers and students in producing research work. Likewise, employees in the financial sector perform data processing in order to support their tasks, namely being able to analyze data into strategic information for the company. The problem solving is carried out by the Master of Applied Economics Study Program, Faculty of Economics and Business, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, by organizing a Quantitative and Qualitative Data Analysis Workshop for students, lecturers, and financial practitioners. The activity starts from July 19 to August 19, 2022. Learning media is held online through Zoom Meetings. The participants of this activity are lecturers and students from various institutions/universities throughout Indonesia, from the University of North Sumatra to the University of Ottow Geissler Papua, as well as from practitioners of financial institutions. The number of applicants for this Data Analysis Training is 558 participants. Workshop material is an introduction to regression analysis &amp; multivariate modeling (data stationarity,ARDL, ECM, cointegration), univariate modeling (ARMA / ARIMA), Volatility modeling (GARCH), Logistics Regression Analysis, VAR, Panel Data Analysis, data analysis with R Studio, Multivariate statistical analysis (PCA, Discriminant, Cluster Analysis) and path analysis (Path Analysis). Based on the evaluation of the participants, this workshop is very useful for them and it is hoped that there will be a follow-up workshop

Experimental Investigations to Study the Influence of Thickness and Speed of Aluminum Discs on Brake Parameters with Neodymium – Iron – Boron Magnets

In the existing friction brakes there are several problems such as squealing, judder, thermal and mechanical failures, disc distortions etc. Hence, in the current work an effort is made to develop contactless braking system using eddy current principles. Aluminum disc along with Neodymium – Iron – Boron (NdFeB) permanent magnets are used for investigations. Thickness of discs considered are 4, 6 and 8 mm. Speeds of disc rotation are equivalent of 75.39 Km/hr, 113 Km/hr, 150.8 Km/hr and 188.5 Km/hr. Considered brake parameters are percentage of reduction in speed, negative acceleration and time consumed. In lone magnet situation with gradual application, higher percentage of reduction in speed, good negative acceleration and less time consumed were observed in 4 mm disc thickness. Hence is suitable for faster train applications. In lone magnet with rapid application situation, superior negative acceleration and lesser time consumed were found in 4 mm disc thickness. This situation is beneficial for high speed automobile applications.