Application Of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Effect of reaction and post-treatment conditions on physico-chemical properties of magnetic iron oxide nano-particles

Poor stability and dispersibility, as well as aggregation are considered as major challenges in clinical application of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). Several studies have shown that the synthesis parameters and post-synthesis treatments e.g., drying methods, have the capability to improve the particles' characteristics. Herein, we investigate the combined effect of synthesis and post-treatment parameters on the particle size, stability and magnetism of IONPs. Magnetite (Fe3O4) NPs were prepared via co-precipitation and post-treated using different methods, i.e. (i) freeze dried at –53 °C, 0.133 mbar for 48 h (liquid nitrogen frozen (LFD) and freezer frozen (FFD)), (ii) vacuum oven dried (VOD) at 60 °C for 24 h, and (iii) kept wet colloidal (WET), dispersed in deionized water. The Fe3O4 NPs’ chemical functional groups, size, shape, crystallinity, stability, aggregation, porosity, and magnetic properties were further analysed using different characterisation techniques. Analytical results showed that, while the WET sample had the best stability and significantly less aggregation at different temperatures, amongst post-treated Fe3O4 NPs, LFD sample exhibited the best stability (up to 37 °C), dispersion and smallest polydispersity index. Furthermore, all dried NPs had superparamagnetic characteristics, while, LFD Fe3O4 NPs had better magnetic properties and stability than other drying methods.

Enhanced cadmium absorption and tolerance of rice epiphytic microbes by iron oxide nanoparticles

Nanoparticles present a promising approach for mitigating cadmium (Cd) uptake in crops. Nevertheless, limited research has been focused on the application nanoparticles to mitigate plant Cd stress through increasing Cd absorption and tolerance of epiphytic microbes. Herein, Methylobacterium currus DSD (Meb) was isolated and identified as the type strain. The application of iron oxide nanoparticles (200 mg L−1 IONPs, including Fe2O3NPs and Fe3O4NPs) resulted in considerably enhanced adsorption capacity for Cd by Meb, accompanied by increased surface functional groups, particularly carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of Meb-Fe3O4NPs exhibited the higher contents of proteins and polysaccharides. The introduction of Fe3O4NPs increased the mole% of ribose, arabinose, and glucose, as well as the contents of most amino acids. Fe3O4NPs might drive the glycolytic process of converting glucose to amino acids. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses further confirmed the involvement of CO and C–N groups in proteins, and C–O groups in polysaccharides. Moreover, the presence of IONPs enhanced Meb tolerance to Cd, which was a highlight. This study provides a novel perspective from epiphytic microbes for nanoparticles to reduce the toxicity and accumulation of Cd in crops.

Unveiling the Biologically Dynamic Degradation of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles via a Continuous Flow System.

Nanomaterials are increasingly being employed for biomedical applications, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of their degradation behavior and potential toxicity in the biological environment. This study utilizes a continuous flow system to simulate the biologically relevant degradation conditions and investigate the effects of pH, protein, redox species, and chelation ligand on the degradation of iron oxide nanoparticles. The morphology, aggregation state, and relaxivity of iron oxide nanoparticles after degradation are systematically characterized. The results reveal that the iron oxide nanoparticles degrade at a significantly higher rate under the acidic environment. Moreover, incubation with bovine serum albumin enhances the stability and decreases the dissolution rate of iron oxide nanoparticles. In contrast, glutathione accelerates the degradation of iron oxide nanoparticles, while the presence of sodium citrate leads to the fastest degradation. This study reveals that iron oxide nanoparticles undergo degradation through various mechanisms in different biological microenvironments. Furthermore, the dissolution and aggregation of iron oxide nanoparticles during degradation significantly impact their relaxivity, which has implications for their efficacy as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents in vivo. The results provide valuable insights for assessing biosafety and bridge the gap between fundamental research and clinical applications of iron oxide nanoparticles.

Sorghum stover and winery solid wastes co-digestion: application of iron oxide nanoparticles for biogas yield optimisation

One approach to addressing energy security issues is to produce renewable and sustainable bioenergy using abundant waste resources through anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD). However, the lignocellulosic nature of these biomass resources makes them recalcitrant, and pretreatment is required to make them more amenable to conversion. Iron oxide nanoparticles (ION) have been shown to increase methane yield significantly when added to biomass resources. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ION application on Sorghum stover (SS) and Winery solid waste (WSW) under mesophilic conditions. Hydrothermal synthesis was used to obtain Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Biomethane potential (BMP) tests were carried out in semi-continuous batch reactors with and without ION singly and combined SS: WSW (1:1) during a 30-day retention period. The results showed that the ION application on WSW delivered a higher biogas yield (380 mL), indicating an increase of 162% in biogas production compared to the sample without ION (145 mL). In addition, CH4 generation went from 30 to 114 mLCH4, indicating a 280% increase. However, adding ION to SS inhibited CH4 production. The study found that ION addition significantly improved biogas yield, especially with WSW, where the increase was more than triple, of interest to bioenergy and waste management practitioners.Graphic

Phase Composition of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Studied Using Hard X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy

At the surface of iron oxide nanoparticles, an oxidized or disordered layer is often found. Due to the large surface-to-volume ratio of nanomaterials, such a surface layer plays an important role in the overall magnetic properties of the particles. Consequently, it is important to characterize the surface layer if applications of iron oxide nanoparticles, e.g., for magnetic hyperthermia, magnetic particle imaging, or ferrofluidics, are envisaged. In this work, we tuned the phase of the surface layer of 14 nm iron oxide nanoparticles via annealing procedures. The phase composition of the particles is systematically studied using hard X-ray absorption spectroscopy.

Eco-friendly green synthesis approach and evaluation of environmental and biological applications of iron oxide nanoparticles

Eco-friendly green synthesis approach and evaluation of environmental and biological applications of iron oxide nanoparticles

Research progress on the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles in macrophage polarization

Macrophages are important immune effector cells with significant plasticity and heterogeneity in the body immune system, and play an important role in normal physiological conditions and in the process of inflammation. It has been found that macrophage polarization involves a variety of cytokines and is a key link in immune regulation. Targeting macrophages by nanoparticles has a certain impact on the occurrence and development of a variety of diseases. Due to its characteristics, iron oxide nanoparticles have been used as the medium and carrier for cancer diagnosis and treatment, making full use of the special microenvironment of tumors to actively or passively aggregate drugs in tumor tissues, which has a good application prospect. However, the specific regulatory mechanism of reprogramming macrophages using iron oxide nanoparticles remains to be further explored. In this paper, the classification, polarization effect and metabolic mechanism of macrophages were firstly described. Secondly, the application of iron oxide nanoparticles and the induction of macrophage reprogramming were reviewed. Finally, the research prospect and difficulties and challenges of iron oxide nanoparticles were discussed to provide basic data and theoretical support for further research on the mechanism of the polarization effect of nanoparticles on macrophages.

Application of iron oxide nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of leukemia.

Leukemia is a malignancy initiated by uncontrolled proliferation of hematopoietic stem cell from the B and T lineages, resulting in destruction of hematopoietic system. The conventional leukemia treatments induce severe toxic and a long series of unwanted side-effects which are caused by lack of specificity of anti-leukemic drugs. Recently, nanotechnology have shown tremendous application and clinical impact with respect to diagnosis and treatment of leukemia. According to considerable researches in the context of finding new nanotechnological platform, iron oxide nanoparticles have been gained increasing attention for the leukemia patients use. In this review, a short introduction of leukemia is described followed by the evaluation of the current approaches of iron oxide nanoparticles applied in the leukemia detection and treatment. The enormous advantages of iron oxide nanoparticles for leukemia have been discussed, which consist of the detection of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as efficient contrast agents, magnetic biosensors and targeted delivery of anti-leukemia drugs by coating different targeting moieties. In addition, this paper will briefly describe the application of iron oxide nanoparticles in the combined treatment of leukemia. Finally, the shortcomings of the current applications of iron-based nanoparticles in leukemia diagnosis and treatment will be discussed in particular.

Mini Review on Green Synthesis, Properties and Potential Biomedical Applications of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs) from Neem Leaves Extracts

Mini Review on Green Synthesis, Properties and Potential Biomedical Applications of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs) from Neem Leaves Extracts

Biomonitoring and risk assessment of naturally and chemically synthesized iron-oxide nanoparticles: A comparative approach

Nanostructured oxides and oxyhydroxides of iron are imperative constituents of the Earth's geological and biological processes i.e. biogeochemical cycles. So, the characteristic applications of iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONps) are closely linked to their surroundings and biological sinks. This work reports a low-cost green approach to promote ‘waste-to-wealth’ ideology by the direct and self-catalysis of iron rust into its nanoparticles (N-FeONps). A comparison is drawn based on the properties, morphologies, and applications after synthesizing FeONps by chemical precipitation method (C-FeONps). Spherical nanoparticles with vibrational properties are obtained in the size domain of 32 nm (N-FeONps) and 23 nm (C-FeONps). The application of Uniform deformation model, Uniform stress deformation model, Uniform deformation energy density model, and Size-strain plot models reveal comparatively greater defects in the crystal structures of C-FeONps. The biosafety profiling of natural and chemically designed nano-units performed on the species of bacteria, fungus, algae, and plants have shown enhanced safety terms associated with N-FeONps. The performance of N-FeONps has surpassed its chemical counterpart in medical applications such as antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory activity with approximate percentages of 26 % and 51 % respectively. The findings of this piece of work favors the naturally obtained FeONps (N-FeONps), as they are economically viable, non-toxic, and have a greater antioxidant and anti-inflammatory arena. Hence, this waste-to-wealth ideology should be promoted for maintaining waste and designing solutions for the medical industries in one go.

The Beneficial Effects of Static Magnetic Field and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on the Vitrification of Mature Mice Oocytes.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of static magnetic field (SMF) and nanoparticles (NPs) on the vitrification of cumulus-oocyte-complex (COC). To this end, the non-vitrified (nVit) and vitrified groups (Vit) that contain NPs, with or without SMF were labeled nVit_NPs, nVit_NPs_SMF, Vit_NPs, and Vit_NPs_SMF, respectively. The non-toxic dosages of NPs were first determined to be 0.008% w/v. The survival, apoptosis, and necrosis, mitochondrial activity, fertilization rate, subsequent-derived embryo development, and gene expressions were examined. The viability rates obtained by trypan blue and Anx-PI staining were meaningfully smaller in the Vit groups, compared to the nVit groups. The JC1 red/green signal ratios were reduced considerably in the Vit group, compared to the nVit. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed to assess the entry of the NPs into the oocytes. TEM images showed that NPs were present in nVit_NPs, and Vit_NPs. Thereafter, the effects of NPs and SMF on in vitro fertilization (IVF) were examined. The difference in blastocyst rates between nVit and Vit_NPs_SMF groups was significant. Finally, Nanog, Cdx2, Oct4, and Sox2 genes were evaluated. There were substantial differences in Cdx2 gene expressions between the Vit_NPs and nVit groups. The expression of Nanog in Vit was significantly higher than those of the Vit_NPs, Vit_NPs_SMF, and nVit groups. The data presented here provide deeper insight into the application of iron oxide nanoparticles in COC vitrification. It appears that using SMF and supplemented CPA by NPs inhibits cryoinjury and promote the embryo development capacity of vitrified-warmed COCs.

Application of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in the Surface-Assisted Laser Desorption and Ionization–Mass Spectrometry of Small-Molecule Compounds

Iron oxide nanoparticles were applied to the surface-assisted laser desorption and ionization–mass spectrometry (SALDI–MS) of small-molecule compounds, such as oligosaccharides, phytohormones, flavonoids, triglycerides, phospholipids, and amino acids. The spatial distribution of small-molecule compounds in soybean was further studied by using imaging mass spectrometry. After different preparation methods were compared, iron oxide nanoparticles calcined at 300 °C were selected. Results showed that in SALDI–MS analysis, iron oxide nanoparticles were characterized by good stability and low background noise. Analysis was performed in the positive ion mode at the laser energy of 70% with the average spectrum accumulated 30 times. The results showed that iron oxide nanoparticles had good repeatability and sensitivity in the analysis of the abovementioned small-molecule compounds. Four samples, namely, sucrose, abscisic acid, DL-aspartic acid, and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphorylcholine, were analyzed via SALDI–MS. The spot-to-spot repeatability RSD was less than 2.8%, and the interpoint repeatability RSD was less than 5.2%. The linear correlation coefficient of the four samples was R2 > 0.993 within the concentration range of 0.05–1.0 mg/mL. On the basis of these results, the distribution of small-molecule components in soybean cotyledon, radicle, and germ was analyzed through SALDI–MSI.

Applications of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles against Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women, with an estimated 12% of women in the United States affected during their lifetime. Researchers have demonstrated that early detection, diagnosis, and treatment are pivotal to increasing survival. The advent of nanotechnology has yielded several novel advances and available modern methods within the clinic to detect and treat breast cancer. Inorganic nanoparticles are broadly utilized for cancer diagnosis and therapeutic purposes. Interestingly, these nanoparticles can also be attached to tumor-specific ligands and used to deliver chemotherapeutic or hormonal agents with high levels of tumor selectivity. Iron oxide nanoparticles are one of the most commonly used nanomaterials, which have attracted much attention to detect and treat breast cancers, owing to their superparamagnetic characteristics. Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) utilizing iron-based magnetic nanoparticles are promising approaches for the radiological detection of breast cancer. Here, we discuss the roles and recent applications of iron oxide nanoparticles in diagnosing and treating breast cancer.

Iron oxide nanoparticles and selenium supplementation improve growth and photosynthesis by modulating antioxidant system and gene expression of chlorophyll synthase (CHLG) and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) in arsenic-stressed Cucumis melo

Current research reveals the positive role of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and selenium (Se) in extenuation of arsenic (As) induced toxicity in Cucumis melo. C. melo plants grown in As spiked soil (20 mg kg−1 As) showed reduced growth, chlorophyll (Chl) content, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductivity and transpiration. On the other hand, the alone applications of IONPs or Se improved growth and physiochemical parameters of C. melo plants. Additionally, exogenous application IONPs and Se synergistically improved the activity of antioxidative enzymes and glyoxalase system in C. melo plants. In addition, the collective treatment of IONPs and Se reduced As uptake, enhanced rate of photosynthesis and increased gas exchange attributes of C. melo plants under As stress. Interactive effect of IONPs and Se regulated reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and ascorbate (AsA) content in C. melo plants exposed to As-contaminated Soil. IONPs and Se treatment also regulated expression of respiratory burst oxidase homologue D (RBOHD) gene, chlorophyll synthase (CHLG) and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR). Therefore, the combined treatment of IONPs and Se may enhance the growth of crop plants by alleviating As stress.

Polydopamine-Coated Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: From Design to Applications.

Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have been extensively investigated due to their applications in various fields such as biomedicine, sensing, and environmental remediation. However, they need to be coated with a suitable material in order to make them biocompatible and to add new functionalities on their surface. This review is intended to give a comprehensive overview of recent advantages and applications of iron oxide nanoparticles coated by polydopamine film. The synthesis method of magnetic nanoparticles, their functionalization with bioinspired materials and (in particular) with polydopamine are discussed. Finally, some interesting applications of polydopamine-coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles will be pointed out.

Biomedical Applications of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Current Insights Progress and Perspectives.

The enormous development of nanomaterials technology and the immediate response of many areas of science, research, and practice to their possible application has led to the publication of thousands of scientific papers, books, and reports. This vast amount of information requires careful classification and order, especially for specifically targeted practical needs. Therefore, the present review aims to summarize to some extent the role of iron oxide nanoparticles in biomedical research. Summarizing the fundamental properties of the magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, the review’s next focus was to classify research studies related to applying these particles for cancer diagnostics and therapy (similar to photothermal therapy, hyperthermia), in nano theranostics, multimodal therapy. Special attention is paid to research studies dealing with the opportunities of combining different nanomaterials to achieve optimal systems for biomedical application. In this regard, original data about the synthesis and characterization of nanolipidic magnetic hybrid systems are included as an example. The last section of the review is dedicated to the capacities of magnetite-based magnetic nanoparticles for the management of oncological diseases.

Application of iron oxide nanoparticles in oil recovery – A critical review of the properties, formulation, recent advances and prospects

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are of particular interest in multiple fields and in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) due to their unique advantages and characteristics. Albeit several laboratory research articles on IONPs in EOR are available, a critical review is still elusive in literature. Herein, critical information on the properties, formulation and application of IONPs in oil recovery is depicted. The basic physical, structural and physicochemical properties of IONPs were introduced. Thereafter, the preparation of iron oxide nanofluids (IONFs) was discussed. Likewise, potential application of IONPs, in petroleum industry was elucidated. Subsequently, effectiveness of IONPs in EOR was compared with other nanoparticles and the efficacy of surface coatings were reviewed. Finally, the main challenges hindering the applications of IONPs in oil field reservoir were identified and solutions proffered. Experimental results from the literature indicate that the effectiveness of IONPs in reservoir applications is directly related to their surface coatings. The coatings are used to enhance stability and transportation, minimise rock adsorption, and target specific oil recovery mechanisms, resulting in incremental oil recovery. Hence, surface treatment is a necessity for reservoir condition applications. • The bottom-up approach offers superior control and flexibility. • Growth process determines the final size, particle distribution and shape of the IONPs. • Salinity has the most devastating effect on the transport, retention and oil recovery system of IONFs. • IONPs are very economical, ecologically benign and has potentials for oil field applications.

Synthesis and encapsulation of iron oxide nanorods for application in magnetic hyperthermia and photothermal therapy

Abstract The synthesis, characterization, and applications of iron oxide nanorods have received attention in recent years. Even though there are several studies on the biological applications of iron oxide nanoparticles, recent studies have shown that rod-shaped iron oxides are effective in magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) as therapeutic technique to treat cancer. This review focused on the synthesis and encapsulation of magnetic iron oxide nanorods (MIONRs) and their use in (MHT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) for cancer cells. Among the synthetic methods that have been used to prepare MIONRs, some could be used to precisely control the particle size of the as-prepared magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONs), while others could be used to prepare monodisperse particles with uniform size distributions. Some of the results presented in this review showed that magnetic oxide nanorods are more potent in MHT than polyhedral-shaped MIONs. The review shows that mixtures of polyhedral- and rod-shaped MIONs resulted in 59 and 77% cell death, while monodisperse MIONRs resulted in 95% cell death. It could thus be concluded that, for magnetic iron oxide to be effective in MHT and PTT, it is important to prepare monodisperse magnetic oxide nanorods.

A Review on Green Synthesis and Applications of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles.

Bio-fabrication of iron oxide nanoparticles by using different sources of plants, plant parts and microbial cells have become a great topic of interest nowadays due to its eco-friendly nature. The stabilizing and capping agents in biological sources are biocompatible, stable and non-toxic which make its use beneficial for various biomedical applications. The bacteria are able to utilize metal ions and convert them into their respective nanoparticles by secreting different biomolecules. The plants and plant parts contain different types of phytochemicals which play a key role in synthesis and bio-fabrication of nanoparticles. Iron oxide nanoparticles are known to have various applications in the fields of medicine, environment etc. This review summarizes the applications of iron oxide nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent, drug delivery agent, material for removal of heavy metals and dyes from aqueous system etc. Due to these wide applications of iron oxide nanoparticles its demand in various fields is increasing considerably. This review describes different approaches which are used for biosynthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles and their applications. The review also summarizes about the surface modification strategies of iron oxide nanoparticles by using different polymers, polyelectrolytes which can be used for in-vivo applications.

Application in Nanomedicine of Manganese-Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles

Besides the study and the medical application of iron oxide nanoparticles, ferrites produced with zinc and manganese are of particular interest for their properties. The introduction of these elements into the crystalline structure of the magnetic particle generates some changes in the material properties, enhancing their potential use in theranostic applications. This review will cover the most important aspects of the preparation of these materials, taking into account the different methods of synthesis, and will analyze the most promising results in their use in MRI, magnetic hyperthermia and other emerging applications.