Abstract
Abstract The synthesis, characterization, and applications of iron oxide nanorods have received attention in recent years. Even though there are several studies on the biological applications of iron oxide nanoparticles, recent studies have shown that rod-shaped iron oxides are effective in magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) as therapeutic technique to treat cancer. This review focused on the synthesis and encapsulation of magnetic iron oxide nanorods (MIONRs) and their use in (MHT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) for cancer cells. Among the synthetic methods that have been used to prepare MIONRs, some could be used to precisely control the particle size of the as-prepared magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONs), while others could be used to prepare monodisperse particles with uniform size distributions. Some of the results presented in this review showed that magnetic oxide nanorods are more potent in MHT than polyhedral-shaped MIONs. The review shows that mixtures of polyhedral- and rod-shaped MIONs resulted in 59 and 77% cell death, while monodisperse MIONRs resulted in 95% cell death. It could thus be concluded that, for magnetic iron oxide to be effective in MHT and PTT, it is important to prepare monodisperse magnetic oxide nanorods.
Highlights
The synthesis of any magnetic nanoparticles may be carried out either using physical or chemical synthetic techniques [1]
It is of the utmost importance to ensure the activation of the magnetic nanoparticles, which must be delivered to great depth inside tissues or organs, by means of an external magnet
These characteristics of the as-prepared magnetic oxide nanoparticles depend on the synthetic reaction parameters that may be adjusted to suit the anticipated outcome for a specific application, such as nanorods for application in magnetic hyperthermia (MHT)
Summary
The synthesis of any magnetic nanoparticles may be carried out either using physical or chemical synthetic techniques [1]. They further reported that rod-shaped superparamagnetic nanoparticles exhibited higher magnetization than their spherical counterparts for the same material type and volume In addition to their magnetic properties, magnetic nanoparticles, such as iron oxide, can be used in humans without posing any serious dangers due to their biodegradability. PTT is a therapeutic technique in which malignant tissues are loaded with nanoparticles, followed by irradiation with a near-infrared laser to generate heat for the destruction of the malignant tissues [25] This technology is quite promising [26,27] and has a number of advantages, including minimal invasiveness, high specificity, and precise spatialtemporal selectivity [28]. The advantages of the coprecipitation method include ease of operation, low equipment requirements, time-effectiveness, and relatively high yield [47]
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