Abstract
The enormous development of nanomaterials technology and the immediate response of many areas of science, research, and practice to their possible application has led to the publication of thousands of scientific papers, books, and reports. This vast amount of information requires careful classification and order, especially for specifically targeted practical needs. Therefore, the present review aims to summarize to some extent the role of iron oxide nanoparticles in biomedical research. Summarizing the fundamental properties of the magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, the review’s next focus was to classify research studies related to applying these particles for cancer diagnostics and therapy (similar to photothermal therapy, hyperthermia), in nano theranostics, multimodal therapy. Special attention is paid to research studies dealing with the opportunities of combining different nanomaterials to achieve optimal systems for biomedical application. In this regard, original data about the synthesis and characterization of nanolipidic magnetic hybrid systems are included as an example. The last section of the review is dedicated to the capacities of magnetite-based magnetic nanoparticles for the management of oncological diseases.
Highlights
Even some magnetic nanosystems based in superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) are currently commercial for different applications in biomedicine, such as anemia treatment, detection of lymph node metastases, among others [113]
It is necessary to internalize the SPIONs within the target organs/cells to exert their effects in many cases
Cell uptake and to potentiate their performance in therapy and diagnostic, SPIONs can be functionalized with organic compounds, such as lipids, or can include in their formulation other inorganic compounds as gadolinium, zinc oxide, gold, manganese, or radioisotopes, among others
Summary
Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary area between biology, chemistry, physics, materials science, biochemistry and engineering [1]. Between the mentioned elements and oxides and their combination able to assess magnetic properties, iron oxides, fundamentally magnetite and maghemite are the preferred not because of their distinctive properties regarding mainly to the superparamagnetic property and their afoteric property allowing the change in the surface charge depending on the pH of the media. This characteristic extends the possibility to these oxides may be surface functionalized. In the specific biomedical area, the preference of these oxides is related to their biocompatibility since they may be metabolized as the endogen Fe and their intrinsic diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities
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