Application Of Geospatial Technologies Research Articles

The Problems of Teaching Geospatial Technology in Developing Countries: Concepts, Curriculum, and Implementation in Indonesia

This study discusses the application of geospatial technology in learning geography in Indonesia in terms of concepts, curriculum, and implementation. The application of geospatial technology in learning geography in Indonesia has been integrated into the national curriculum. This can be seen from the content of components of spatial thinking in the basic competencies of knowledge and basic competencies of skills. However, there are still some obstacles to the implementation of geospatial technology, such as the lack of facilities for learning geospatial technology. It is indicated by the absence of GIS software in computer laboratories. Also, geography teachers are less able to use geospatial technology due to a lack of training in the use of geospatial technology. Therefore, the synergy between the government and schools is needed to enhance the application of geospatial technology by the objectives of the geography curriculum.

Applying Spatial Video Geonarratives and Physiological Measurements to Explore Perceived Safety in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

Spatial crime analysis, together with perceived (crime) safety analysis have tremendously benefitted from Geographic Information Science (GISc) and the application of geospatial technology. This research study discusses a novel methodological approach to document the use of emerging geospatial technologies to explore perceived urban safety from the lenses of fear of crime or crime perception in the city of Baton Rouge, USA. The mixed techniques include a survey, spatial video geonarrative (SVG) in the field with study participants, and the extraction of moments of stress (MOS) from biosensing wristbands. This study enrolled 46 participants who completed geonarratives and MOS detection. A subset of 10 of these geonarratives are presented here. Each participant was driven in a car equipped with audio recording and spatial video along a predefined route while wearing the Empatica E4 wristbands to measure three physiological variables, all of them linked by timestamp. The results show differences in the participants’ sentiments (positive or negative) and MOS in the field based on gender. These mixed-methods are encouraging for finding relationships between actual crime occurrences and the community perceived fear of crime in urban areas.

Application of Geo-spatial Technology in Characterization of African Honeybee (Apis mellifera) Apiaries into Ecosystem Zones for Productivity and Pollination Service

Seven major ecological zones of Nigeria with modern functional apiaries were mapped and sampled in the rainy season between April 2016 and October 2018 for estimating the bee foraging flight range and floral species diversity; collating satellite imagery data for geospatial zone mapping using GPS (Garmin Etrex 20) to capture the coordinates of apiaries locations and their attributes, climatic and topographic data and generating ecological zones: the wetland vegetation, savanna grassland, savanna woodland (disturbed), shrubby forest, lowland dense forest, and Highland rain forest. Honeybee flight ranges between 1 and 5 kilometer radius from where bees at the apiaries can forage for pollen and nectar. Igbeti/Malete/Buari bees forages at similar ecosystems within this range while those at Saki and Abuja apiaries have potentials to forage at different ecological zones ranging from woodland savanna to lowland and high forests. Abuja (woodland savanna and shrubby forest zones) apiaries produces average of 32 liters of honey per hive and Kwara (savanna grassland and wood land Savanna) produces average of 24 liters of honey per hive. There is also structural variation in the floral species diversity and richness as richness marginally differed at the locations. Highest index was observed in Orozo (H=2.62; Margalef = 3.05) and Agbungburu (H=2.54; Margalef = 3.06). Low index was attained at Buari (H= 2.10; Margalef= 2.32) and Igbeti (H= 2.11; Margalef= 2.62). Apiary managers and farmers acquiring relevant knowledge on apiculture and prevailing A. mellifera apiaries would assist management activities; contribute to better production and pollination for food security.

Application of geo-spatial technologies in soil suitability assessment for village level crop planning in Chittaurgarh, Rajasthan

The agro-eco-sub region (AESR) 4.2 encompasses Aravalli foot hills, central Rajasthan plains and adjoining areas. Visual interpretation of geo-coded satellite data (IRS-P6, LISS IV MX) on the same scale was done before starting the field work. Based on the interpretative units a high intensity detailed soil survey was carried out in cluster of ten villages of Bhadesar tehsil of Chittaurgarh district on cadastral map (1:4000 scale) and the soils were characterized with respect to landforms. In all, 14 soil series were established and assessed for soil site suitability for maize, wheat, mustard and soybean. Daulatpura-c series soils are suitable for maize, mustard, soybean, and Daulatpura-d soils for soybean and moderately suitable for other crops. Soils of Bagund and Narbadiya-a series are moderately suitable for maize and marginally suitable for other crops. The soils of Bhadsoda-b series are marginally suitable only for mustard but moderately suitable for all other crops. Soils of Parliya series are moderately suitable only for mustard crop and marginally suitable for remaining crops. The soils of Guda series are marginally suitable for maize, wheat, mustard but not suitable for soybean. The soils of Nardhari-a and Nardhari-b are moderately suitable, Daulatpura-b, Bhadsoda-a and Narbadiya-b are marginally suitable whereas soils of Madanpura and Daulatpura are not suitable for all the crops due to limitations of shallow soil depth.

Site-Specific Forage Management of Sericea Lespedeza: Geospatial Technology-Based Forage Quality and Yield Enhancement Model Development

Site-specific forage management (SSFM), comprising growth observation, impact assessment, and timely strategic response to small variations in sericea lespedeza (SL; Lespedeza cuneata (Dum-Cours.) G. Don) production, has been envisioned as a life-changing approach for resource-poor (R-P) farmers in developing countries, assisting in the effective rearing of their small ruminants. The application of geospatial technologies, including geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing, global navigation satellite system, and information technology, can support SSFM but has not been widely used for site-specific forage management. From our previous studies, it appears that the entire range of condensed tannins of lespedeza, namely extractable condensed tannin (ECT), fiber-bound condensed tannin (FBCT), and protein-bound condensed tannin (PBCT), as well as crude protein (CP), are excellent for promoting small ruminant digestion and overall health. The goal of this study was to develop an SSFM strategy for SL to enhance animal production in areas of drought-prone, low pH, marginally infertile soils. To achieve this goal, study objectives were to: (i) develop statistical and artificial neural networks-based (ANN) models to identify if a sound correlation exists among forage growth environmental features and SL-ECT content; (ii) determine suitability criteria, including climate, soil, and land use/land cover (LULC), for mass scale production of SL and collect supporting environmental geospatial data; and (iii) develop an automated geospatial model for SL growth suitability analysis in relation to optimal areas for its production in a case-study location. Telemetric data and individual climatologic parameters (including minimum, maximum, and average temperature, humidity, dewpoint, soil temperatures at three depths, soil moisture, evapotranspiration, total solar radiation, and precipitation) were found to correlate well (>75%) with the forage production parameters, including values of SL-ECT from the Fort Valley State University (FVSU) research station in Georgia in the southern United States. A backpropagation neural network (BPNN) model was developed using similar climatic input parameters, along with elevation (topography) and a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to estimate the forage’s ECT with a testing root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.18%. With good correlation obtained between the climatic, soil, slope, and land cover input parameters, and SL-ECT as the output parameter, an SSFM model was developed with potential application to R-P farmers in areas suitable for SL establishment and growth. Eswatini (previously Swaziland), a landlocked country in southern Africa, in which numerous R-P small ruminant (sheep and goat) farmers reside, was used as the case study location to develop the SL production suitability model. Geospatial data were used for automated model development in an ArcGIS Pro ModelBuilder platform to provide information on where to grow SL efficiently to economically feed small ruminants. Land use/land cover, soil, topography, and climate based geospatial data of the region helped in the development of the automated SSFM geospatial model for spatial growth suitability location determination to assist farmers of Eswatini with their SL production decision making. This automated model can easily be replicated for farmers in other countries in Africa, as well as in other parts of the world having similar climatic conditions.

Application of geospatial technologies in flood hazard assessment of Dhemaji revenue circle, Assam

Background: Land of monsoons, India has been triggered by flood and siltation annually through south-west and north-east monsoons along the floodplains of the country for millennia. Being one of the worst sufferers, Assam also experiences the severe effects of flood hazard as the region is drained by the mighty Brahmaputra and Barak basins. In this view, Dhemaji district located in the upper reach of Brahmaputra valley also bears the brunt of flood leaving massive imprints on people and landscape. Objective: This study is an attempt to identify the flood vulnerable zones and damages incurred in a flood period of Dhemaji revenue circle. Methodology: The study is based on both primary and secondary sources of information wherein the data and maps have been processed and prepared within the domain of GIS and remote sensing. Findings: The results indicate that the entire region is categorized into two flood hazard zones viz. least and highly vulnerable wherein the former covers 55.27% and latter 44.73% of the total area. The damages caused in respect to cropland and transportation network have also been estimated and few management strategies were recommended to cope with the hazard. Novelty: The existing work has used various physical factors wherein priority ranks are allotted to each based on their intensity towards flood occurrence. Thus, this study would help in identification of potential hazard zones and affected areas through mapping and modeling using geospatial techniques which are cost and time effective. Keywords: Flood hazard; Brahmaputra valley; assessment; management; GIS;remote sensing

Kajian Pengembangan Lahan Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Berbasis Komoditas Unggulan di Kabupaten Pinrang, Sulawesi Selatan

Agriculture sector performs prominent role in the economy of Pinrang Regency. As the national food-estate area of South Sulawesi Province, RGDP agriculture sector of the regency increased from 4.72 to 7.94 trillion IDR in 2013-2017. This study aims to analyze food-crop agriculture land development based on primary commodities in Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi. This study was conducted in twelve sub-districts in the regency’s area from September 2018 to June 2019. Application of geospatial technology was expected to present new approach with more accurate and easily updated land development planning in the area. The research data consisted of primary field survey data and secondary data of spatial pattern map of RTRW 2012-2032 from Bappeda and food-crop harvested area and production from BPS Pinrang Regency, characteristics and existing land use map from BBPPSDLP, and forest and water conservation area map from KLHK. Primary commodities was detemined based on Location Quotient and Shift Share Analysis. Potential land arrangement was referred to FAO Land Suitability Evaluation. Land development plan was formulated using selection and screening procedure based on Boolean logic. Five primary commodities was determined with 5,871 Ha potential land suitable for their development out of 7,324 Ha available land that consisted of land uses planned for paddy (3,529 Ha), cassava (1,398 Ha), corn (657 Ha), soybean (187 Ha), and sweet potato (100 Ha). The land development plan for these commodities was categorized into the first (147 Ha) and second (5,724 Ha) priority.

Report of the 21-Day, ‘Level-2’ Capacity Building Program ‘4th Winter School Program 2020’ on “Application of Geospatial Technologies for Disaster Management” Sponsored by NRDMS, DST, Govt. of India

A 21-Day ‘Level-2’ capacity building program on Geospatial Technologies was organized during 09.01.2020 to 29.01.2020 as 4th Winter School Program-2020 in the Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal. The program was sponsored by the Natural Resources Data Management System division of the Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India. The theme of the ‘Level-2’ program was “Application of Geospatial Technologies for Disaster Management”. Training to the participants was given on remote sensing, geographical information system, global navigation satellite system, Contemporary surveying instruments, etc., to build knowledgebase and adaptation capacity on disaster management. A large group of resources persons were invited to deliver lectures in this program. They were from the University of Burdwan as well as many other institutes like ISRO, NATMO DSTBT, etc., of India.

Application of Geospatial Technologies in the COVID-19 Fight of Ghana.

The SARS-CoV-2 infections continue unabated in Ghana and globally. The identification of country dynamics of the virus, its spread, and country-specific interventions in tackling the menace including the application of geospatial technologies. This research sought to highlight the use of geospatial technologies in the fight against COVID-19 in Ghana with best practices from China where the infections originated from; present the trends in Ghana and model near future trends of the virus. It was evident that just as other places, Ghana has employed geospatial technologies and continues to ply unchartered paths in solutions. The trend in Ghana is in line with a population concentration and tends to record higher figures in the southern parts. It is modeled that through incessant mobility patterns, infections will spread through to the middle parts and then the northern parts. The research, therefore, recommends the use of infrared scanners to augment testing practices and enhanced tracing of infected persons as well as the use of drones for the distribution of essential services.

A Review of The Concept and Application of Geospatial Technology in Mapping and Modeling the Migration of Whale Shark (Rinchodon typus)

The Whale Shark (Rinchodon typus) is a species of pelagic fish with the largest size in the world and has a very wide range of movements. By understanding the migration of whale sharks a number of important policies can be immediately applied to preserve the population of this species in nature. This paper aims to provide an overview of the concept and application of spatial science and technology to map and model the migration of whale shark species. This paper is the result of a review of various literatures, both scientific journal articles and books related to mapping and modeling of common marine animals and whale sharks in particular. The paper begins with a description of the bioecological aspects and threats to the whale shark population. Furthermore, the concept of mapping and modeling of whale shark migration will be described, covering important factors in mapping and modeling, development of marine geographic information migration model (GIS) and application of whale shark migration modeling. The conclusion from the review is that bioecological characteristics and patterns of whale shark migration cause these species to be vulnerable to various threats from both natural factors and human activities. Migration mapping and modeling is generally based on environmental variation or oceanographic factors and species movement types. Accurate mapping and modeling results will be of great value in planning and policies regarding the management and conservation of whale shark species.

TRENDS IN URBAN MORPHOLOGICAL DATA CAPTURE: A REVIEW OF THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON UTILITY OF GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY

Aim: The purpose of this paper is to review the trends in the application of geospatial technology in urban morphology data capture and studies. Methodology and Results: This review was guided by critical thinking research approach, which involves analysis of relevant literature on a phenomenon to enable to draw conclusion(s) on whether a claim is true, sometimes true, partly true or false and using methods to applied in critical thinking include broad intellectual criteria such as clarity, credibility, accuracy, precision, relevance, depth, significance and fairness. The results show that increasing urbanization and sub-optimal locations of urban amenities and utilities has resulted in many cities facing environmental, land use and socio-economic challenges. This can be mitigated by the implementation of cost-effective urban development plans and policies together with an in-depth understanding of the interactions existing between urban natural and human systems, an undertaking reliably aided by geospatial technologies notably Remote Sensing, Geographical Information Systems, Global Positioning System and Photogrammetry. Conclusion, significance, and impact study: This paper is therefore anchored on an understanding of urban morphology, factors determining its changes over time and demonstrated achievements of the utility of geospatial technology in the study of the same with policy implications for the applications of the geospatial technology in urban studies.

Assessment of spatiotemporal changes in land use/land cover of North Kashmir Himalayas from 1992 to 2018

Under changing global scenarios, assessment of land use/land cover change becomes necessary. Geospatial technologies have been used extensively in many areas of the world for generating valuable information on environmental monitoring. Kashmir valley is also witnessing large LULC changes due to the widespread lateral urbanization, favorable climate, fertile soils and improved infrastructure. This study aims to assess the LULC dynamics in North Kashmir Himalayas from 1992 to 2018 within a GIS environment. Results reveal that agricultural land, forest cover, snow and glaciers are showing a decreasing trend over the study period, while horticulture, built-up/urban area has increased over the same period. The study shows a high demand for the settlement class. Furthermore, an increase in population, climate variability and economic compulsions have been identified as major drivers of LULC change. The application of geospatial technologies to analyze LULC and related effects was clearly demonstrated.

ASSESSMENT OF WATERSHED RESOURCES FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT: A CASE OF DEVELOPING AN OPERATIONAL METHODOLOGY UNDER INDIAN CONDITIONS THROUGH GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGIES

Abstract. The watershed based integrated approach is considered as a more efficient and appropriate approach for resource appraisal and implementation of various sustainable development measures. The present study intends to demonstrate the application of geospatial technologies in preparation of comprehensive as well as an operational framework under Indian conditions to evaluate land and water resources patterns through a case study of Andipatti watershed, located in Theni district in the State of Tamil Nadu (India). The study used widely acclaimed various empirical and quantitative models to characterise the watershed and to understand the spatial pattern of potential-utilisation levels of the watershed resources. The study used mostly remotely sensed data for understanding surface characteristics and location enabled in-situ data such as soil, rainfall and groundwater data for understanding the sub-surface characteristics of the study area. All these datasets were integrated in a GIS environment to asses soil productivity, soil erosion, surface runoff, groundwater potential, groundwater quality, crop-land suitability, groundwater suitability for agriculture, determination of potential-utilisation index and to draw land use planning strategies. Since the methodology developed in the study is mostly depends on remotely sensed data, only minimal efforts are required for any agencies to prepare a similar systematic sustainable agricultural development plan.

Application of geospatial technology for delineating groundwater potential zones in the Gandheswari watershed, West Bengal

Identification of groundwater potential zones needs an understanding of different hydro-geological parameters of the concerned region. This present study done on Gandheswari watershed of West Bengal is mainly based on RS and GS techniques. Seven important parameters are taken into consideration namely geology, lineament, slope, drainage, soil, rainfall, and land use and land cover which are mutually interdependent to each other in the groundwater development process. Satellite image of Landsat-8, SRTM-DEM of USGS, rainfall data of IMD, topographical sheets of SOI, geological map of GSI, soil map of NBSS&LUP are collected and processed as per requirements in the ArcGIS, Erdas Imagine and PCI Geometica software to create or extract layers for all the parameters. The MIF technique is applied to assign weight to each parameter based on its level of influence to other parameters. All the layers are now integrated together adopting weighted overlay method in ArcGIS software. The prepared final map shows the groundwater potential zones of the Gandheswari watershed. An accuracy assessment is done based on groundwater fluctuation data of last 10 years (2018–2009) from CGWB calculating Kappa co-efficient to validate the study. The study reveals that an area of 275.9 km2 (69.86%) is found to be good prospect of groundwater. The overall accuracy level of the study is calculated to be 84.62%, while the result of the Kappa co-efficient is 88% for the same.

Application of geospatial technologies in developing a dynamic landslide early warning system in a humanitarian context: the Rohingya refugee crisis in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh

Since August 2017, more than 744,400 stateless Rohingya refugees – an ethnic Muslim minority group from the Rakhine State – have entered Bangladesh to escape serious crimes against humanity conducted by the Myanmar Army. Extensive level of deforestation and hill cutting activities took place in Cox’s Bazar District (CBD) in Bangladesh to accommodate them. The refugee camps are sitting on hills and loose soil and are highly vulnerable to rainfall-triggered landslides. Notably in June 2017, landslides in the same region killed at least 160 people. From this perspective, the study aims to develop a localised landslide early warning system (EWS) for the Rohingya refugees and their host communities in CBD. A novel method, combining landslide inventory and susceptibility maps, rainfall thresholds and dynamic web-based alert system, has been introduced to develop the landslide early warning system (EWS) by applying advanced geoinformation techniques. Results suggest that approximately 5,800 hectares of forest land cover disappeared due to the 2017 Rohingya influx. Land cover changes through hill cutting andslope modifications, and unplanned urbanisation are predominantly responsible for slope failures and consecutive 5-day periods of rainfall between 95–220 mm could initiate landslides in high susceptible areas. The EWS would support the local authorities and international organisations in reducing disaster risks and saving lives from landslides in a humanitarian context.

Analysis of eve-teasing potential zones using geospatial technologies and AHP: a study in Midnapore town, West Bengal, India

Application of geospatial technologies in criminological study is most relevant in present day context. Crime mapping with the help of Geographical Information System is being a very useful tool for the law enforcement agencies to make proper visualization and take strategic modus operandi to reduce criminal offence. “Eveteasing” in public places by men is one of the very common social issue exist in Indian society. Despite new laws and other measures of increased surveillance after ‘Nirvaya Case’, India, sexual harassment against women has continue and increased. More and more engaged in education sector, employment sector may provide opportunities to the offender to tease women in public place in roads, trains and buses everyday even in broad day light. Such public nuisance sometimes results in shocking consequence like acid attacks and rape. Present study tries to apply contemporary approaches and uses geospatial tools for spatial analysis and mapping of potential eve-teasing prone areas, its severity and potential risk factors in selected urban area. The study also focuses on offenders’ decision making strategies to commit crime. ‘Rapid Assessment Methodology’ has been applied to the young school and college going female students and working women to understand the nature and pattern of eve-teasing in the selected urban area. We run explanatory factor analysis to identify potential risk factors and thereafter apply Analytical Hierarchy Process to identify which potential risk factors responsible for enhancing an area to be an eve-teasing prone area by examining issues within socio-environmental perspectives and do crime mapping using Geographical Information System and provide some Crime Prevention measures for the stakeholders. This study has larger implications for crime prevention in public places and enhanced policy making process to alleviate such social nuisance.

Geospatial Technology Application for Groundwater Prospects Mapping of Sub-Upper Krishna Basin, Maharashtra

Abstract The objective of this study is to demarcate the groundwater potential areas in sub-upper Krishna basin (SUKB). Geospatial technology applications viz. remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) were utilized to generate the groundwater prospects map with the aid of satellite data, secondary data, web mapping services (wms) i.e. Bhuvan geoportal, and Google Earth along with requirement based field visit and ground truth, particularly while preparing a land use/land cover (LULC) map. Using these data sources input parameters which influence the occurrence of groundwater were prepared utilizing ArcGIS 10.3 and ERDAS IMAGINE image processing software. The input parameters generated were geomorphology, geology, LULC, slope, lineament density, drainage density, and rainfall. Each parameter was treated as a GIS raster theme with a number of features. Each feature of the theme was ranked and weights were assigned to the themes according to their role in influencing the occurrence of groundwater. The ranks and weights were assigned on the basis of opinions of experts in their respective fields and by referring the previous research work on groundwater prospect mapping. All the themes were integrated and Weighted Overlay Model was built in ArcGIS to generate the groundwater prospects map of SUKB. It is found that very good to moderate groundwater potential zones are clustered near the water bodies, cropland, and in floodplain regions of the basin while poor groundwater potential zones are located in the regions of structural origin geological features which seldom support good infiltration of water. The study revealed an exemplary result which is in good agreement with ground reality as validation using field observation data justified the authenticity of the generated groundwater potential (GWP) zones. Hence, geospatial technology application is worthy for mapping the groundwater potential zones which would be further utilized to pinpoint the locations for geophysical investigations for groundwater exploration in the basin.

DEVELOPMENT OF GEODATABASE FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE IN BUJANG VALLEY KEDAH

Abstract. In recent years, there has been little adoption of geospatial technology applications towards the archaeological excavation project in Malaysia which yields increasing amount of data on historical assets. Those data however been processed and managed via conventional method of paper form- based and less associated spatial data which is actually can be necessary to improve the finding method of potential archaeological sites. This paper presents the application of Geographical Information System (GIS) towards the archaeology data management by adopting geodatabase for storing archaeology information and visualizing the archaeological monuments via method of 3D Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS). The research area is located within the Bujang Valley Archaeological Museum, Merbok, Kedah which known to locate most of the ancient relics that being preserved over time. The TLS method is used to scan the interior and exterior structures of the monuments due to its capability in representing 3D visualization digitally from point cloud data and close to the accuracy of the actual structure. In addition, the geodatabase can provide the organization a better medium to create large-scale databases for organizing, analyzing and sharing the products of the field research with other users. The GIS capability to capture, integrate, store, edit, analyze and display geospatial data can really help the effort in preserving the archaeological information from lost over time.

Application of geospatial technologies for analysis and development of transport infrastructure and cadastral activities in urban areas

Application of geospatial technologies for analysis and development of transport infrastructure and cadastral activities in urban areas

IMPORTANCE OF INCORPORATION OF GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS IN WATER RESOURCES AT GRADUATE AND POST-GRADUATE COURSES OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Abstract. Water is a very crucial element to sustain life on earth. The availability of water varies both spatially and temporally. India being a water stress country, the per capita availability of water is reducing with time. It is predicted that by 2050 around 54% of the country will be water scarce. The changing climate along with the ever-increasing population is putting additional stress on water availability. The science of water, its availability and distribution on earth and its atmosphere, is generally regarded as hydrology. The important aspects of hydrology and hydraulic or more broadly water resources are taught as the subject or optional subjects the branch of Civil Engineering at almost all engineering institutes/colleges at the undergraduate level. It is also one of the specializations for post-graduate level studies. It is, by now, well proven that the geospatial technology play crucial role in water resources assessment, planning and management. However, the young minds (graduate and post-graduate students) are just being trained for typical hydrology using traditional means and approaches. The advancement and potential of geospatial technology has drawn the attention of academician, and it has been started as a subject mostly at the post-graduate courses. Recently, some of the institutions have started courses on geo-informatics at the graduate level. However, the hydrology and geospatial technology are generally taught as two separate subjects under different course at different levels mostly under the broad subject of Civil Engineering. The present paper emphasis on needs and ways of updating Civil Engineering course curriculum by focusing on incorporation of applications of geospatial technology in hydrology as regular subject.