Application Of Different Forms Research Articles

Research Progress on Nonlinear Modeling of Electro-Hydraulic Servo Systems and Innovative Applications of Control Strategies

Abstract: In various specific application domains, electro-hydraulic servo systems are widely adopted due to their high power-to-volume ratio, superior dynamic response performance, and extremely high control accuracy. However, the inevitable presence of nonlinear factors in the system poses a series of challenges for precise mathematical modeling and the design and application of different forms of control strategies. This article aims to explore how various control strategies are specifically implemented to address the nonlinear characteristics of electro-hydraulic servo systems, building upon the research progress in modeling these systems considering nonlinear factors. Subsequently, the article summarizes their innovative applications in electro-hydraulic servo systems. Simultaneously, relevant patents and technologies were reviewed and summarized. The paper provides a detailed comparison and analysis of various nonlinear modeling methods, with a particular focus on the significance of neural networks and fuzzy logic control in enhancing the performance of electro-hydraulic servo systems. The article reveals significant advancements in modern control strategies in dealing with uncertainties and disturbances within the system, offering new perspectives and ideas for improving system efficiency and achieving energy resource conservation with technological progress. The review provides a series of practical recommendations aimed at optimizing the performance of electro-hydraulic servo systems. Despite progress in multiple research endeavors, future research should focus on further enhancing system performance and applying these strategies to a broader range of scenarios.

Application of CRISPR/Cas12a for SARS-CoV-2 Nucleic Acid Detection

SARS-CoV-2 spans 3 years, and although the virus has been adjusted from "Category B, Tube A" to "Category B, Tube B" it is still present in the environment, causing widespread epidemic infections and great impact on human health and the environment. Currently, there are various nucleic acid detection methods for this virus, and CRISPR methods are widely used to construct biosensors for accurate and rapid specific detection of nucleic acid sequences due to their powerful gene-editing capabilities. In this article, we introduce the application of different forms of sensors such as fluorescent paper strips built with CRISPR/Cas12a for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection.

The artificial intelligence in autopsy and crime scene analysis.

In the evolving field of forensic medicine, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies may revolutionize traditional autopsy practices by enhancing the precision and efficiency of postmortem examinations. A review of the literature was carried out on the Pub-med and Scopus search engines by inserting the keywords "artificial intelligence" AND "forensic" AND ("autopsy" OR "crime scene management" OR "forensic odontology" OR "post mortem interval" OR "forensic anthropology" OR "forensic sciences"). The works that analyzed the applications of artificial intelligence in the forensic and autopsy field were analyzed. The results showed the application of different forms of artificial intelligence such as machine learning, deep learning, robotics, artificial neural networks. Various applications are therefore possible in the autopsy field including forensic identification, analysis of radiological data through Virtopsy, estimation of the weapon used through analysis of firearm damage with ballistics, estimation of the Post-Mortem Interval (PMI), forensic toxicology. AI's potential to aid in the precise identification of causes of death, estimation of postmortem intervals. With forensic pathologists facing the constant challenge of making accurate diagnoses under pressure, AI applications can offer much-needed support by reducing subjective judgment and the inherent human error due to fatigue. Therefore, the integration of AI into autopsies, while promising in terms of efficiency and accuracy, demands a careful balance between technological advancement and ethical responsibility to ensure trust and integrity in forensic practices.

Assessment of phosphorus status in a calcareous soil receiving long-term application of chemical fertilizer and different forms of swine manures.

The continuous use of organic inputs in crop production calls for an improved understanding of how these inputs might alter soil phosphorus (P). This study assessed how the continuous application of different forms of swine manure influences the mechanism of P transformation and release potential. Soil samples were collected from a clay loam soil receiving no P or 100kg P ha-1 applied as either chemical fertilizer (CHEM), swine liquid manure (SWL), composted swine manure (SWC), or solid swine manure (SWS) every other year for 16 years in a corn-soybean rotation. Available P increased in soils treated with the chemical and organic fertilizers. The greatest increase was found in the SWC and SWS and was closely related to a 1% increase in the organic C content, and 1.3- and 1.2-unit increase in the soil pH for SWC and SWS treatment, respectively. Nonlabile HCl-P form was also higher in SWC- and SWS-treated soils. Despite the similarities between SWS and SWC, SWS significantly had a lower maximum P sorption (Qmax ) and higher equilibrium P concentration at zero net sorption (EPCO) probably related to the higher organic NaOH-P. Similarly, higher organic NaOH-P together with lower cation exchange capacity, aluminum, and calcium explained the lower Qmax in SWL. This suggests that increase in organic NaOH-P forms limits the soil potential to retain P. Overall, the SWL treatment presents a unique effect on changes in soil property and P chemistry that warrants further investigation.

Selenium foliar application contributes to decrease ratio of water-soluble fluoride and improve physio-biochemical components in tea leaves

The tea plant accumulates elevated levels of fluoride (F) from environmental sources. Drinking tea containing high F levels poses a potential threat to human health. Selenium (Se) was applied by foliar spray to investigate its effects on F accumulation and physiology in tea plant. Foliar application of different forms of Se, i.e., Na2SeO3, Kappa-selenocarrageenan, Selenomethionine and Nanoselenium, reduced F content in tea leaves by 10.17 %−44.28 %, 16.12 %−35.41 %, 22.19 %−45.99 % and 22.24 %−43.82 %, respectively. Foliar spraying Se could increase F accumulation in pectin through increasing pectin content and pectin demethylesterification to bind more F in the cell wall, which decreased the proportion of water-soluble fluoride in tea leaves. Application of Se significantly decreased the contents of chromium (39.6 %−72.0 %), cadmium (48.3 %−84.4 %), lead (2.2 %−44.4 %) and copper (14.1 %−44.6 %) in tea leaves. Foliar spraying various forms of Se dramatically increased the Se content and was efficiently transformed into organic Se accounting for more than 80 % in tea leaves. All Se compounds increased peroxidase activity by 3.3 %−35.5 % and catalase activity by 2.6 %−99.4 %, reduced malondialdehyde content by 5.6 %−37.1 %, and increased the contents of chlorophyll by 0.65 %−31.8 %, carotenoids by 0.24 %−27.1 %, total catechins by 1.6 %−21.0 %, EGCG by 4.4 %−17.6 % and caffeine by 9.1 %−28.6 %. These results indicated that Se application could be served as a potential efficient and safe strategy diminishing the concentration of F in tea leaves.

THE IMPACT OF THE NEW TEACHING STRATEGY ON COMMUNICATION IN THE TEACHING OF NATURE AND SOCIETY

The interdisciplinary nature and society teaching provides the teacher with many opportunities in the selection and application of different forms and forms of communication during the teaching process. Depending on the content of learning, the goal and tasks of teaching that we plan to accomplish during the lesson, methods and forms of work, we can plan different forms of communication in teaching. In order to be able to talk about the forms of communication in the teaching of nature and society, we must first know what constitutes teaching communication and what are its basic elements. Social changes in the 21st century require new competencies, and a special emphasis is placed on learning to learn, that is, the development of learning strategies that will equip young people for life and enable their further development through lifelong learning. Since communication is a complex, circular process, in order to better understand it, we must analyze its basic components. A simple communication model consists of the source or sender of the message, the message or the content of the message, the channel or medium for transmitting the message, and finally the recipient as the final destination of the communication process. These four components influence each other in such a way that from the content of the message, the recipient or the medium through which the message is sent, we adapt the other components in order to convey the message in the most effective way.

Analysis of Molecular Structure Changes in Humic Acids from Manure-Amended Soils over 17 Years Using Elemental Analysis and Solid-State 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Soil organic matter (SOM) plays an important role in regulating plant nutrient availability. Here, the effects of the long-term application of different forms of processed swine manure on the SOM structure are explored through the analysis of humic acid (HA) using elemental analysis and 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The HAs from soils amended with liquid swine manure (LSM) and swine manure compost (SMC) are found to be more humified compared to the soils treated with solid swine manure (SSM) and the control (CK). The H/C and O/C molar ratios suggest that carboxyl-rich aliphatic structures are the most important class of biomolecules contributing to the LSM- and SMC-HA structures, while lignin-like structures are the most important biomolecules contributing to the CK- and SSM-HAs. SSM promoted the formation of aliphatic polar structures, which are more susceptible to aerobic biodegradation, whereas the CK facilitated the inclusion of condensed aromatic structures into the HA. Apart from the LSM-HA, the proportion of carboxylic acid functional groups reduced with manure application, while the proportion of phenolic acid functional groups increased. LSM-HA has the highest potential to enhance plant nutrient availability.

Investigation on the Flammability and Washing Durability of Trevira CS and Its Blends with Cotton, Modal, and Acrylic Fabrics

The aim of this study was to develop flame-retardant textile materials and study their aspects to durability against several washing cycles. Since the conventional textile substrates are flammable and combustible, the development of flame-retardant apparel from pure Trevira CS fabrics as well as its blends with cotton, modal, and acrylic in certain proportion was carried out in this study. Furthermore, in addition to demonstrating necessary flame-retardancy characteristics, flame-retardant garments must provide a minimum degree of comfort to the wearer, and it is thought of as blending. The productions of yarn were made with ring spinning systems, and knitted fabrics also were produced from this pure Trevira CS and its blends yarn. Flammability test was carried out for the spun yarn and for the fabrics manufactured separately. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) tests were carried out for the sample fabrics. The result indicates that most of the fabrics are flame resistant except the T/C (80 : 20) fabric which show low LOI values, but by treatment with finishing agents, it can be improved. In order to study the durability against washing cycles, LOI values of all sample fabrics were determined. LOI values of all the four types of knitted fabrics in gray, finished, and washed states were evaluated and compared. The pure Trevira-spun knitted fabric exhibits very good flame retardancy in gray state and hence may not require any flame-retardant finishing treatment. Upon imparting the wash resistant, flame-retardant finish Pekoflam DPN, it was observed that the LOI of all the treated samples showed a significant increase. It was revealed also that upon washing (after 10 washes), the LOI values of the fabrics have been considerably reduced; however, no appreciable reduction in flame retardancy is noticed upon further washing of fabrics, after 20 and 30 washes, respectively. Even after 30 washes, the flame retardancy of most of fabrics are very good and one sample showed good result. Finally, the knitted fabrics from pure Trevira-spun yarns and the FR-treated T/C (80 : 20), T/M (80 : 20), and T/A (80 : 20) ones qualify very well for the production of flame-retardant garments for various applications in different forms.

Libertanska politika, građanstvo i sloboda: politički izazovi direktne demokratije

Libertarian politics in pluralistic democracies should be implemented within the constitutional-democratic framework of government, which is based on the constitutional logic of rights and obligations. Without this, libertarian politics cannot fulfill its fundamental political purpose in democratic regimes of government. There are several modalities by which it is possible to produce politics with libertarian elements in contemporary polyarchies, and most often this is achieved through different forms of direct political participation. Citizens can thus expand the milieu of participation in politics, at least when the unhindered use of the instruments of direct democracy or the autonomous gathering and non-violent protest of individuals against the government is ensured, but the key problem is that often different political actors and state power manipulate the practical use of the institute of direct democracy and so deliberately destroy their libertarian potential. Since contemporary government regimes have an emphasized representative, pluralistic, and democratic nature, in political freedom, equal political treatment, and the rights of citizens are normatively ensured by the policy of constitutionalism, while the disadvantages of representative government are tried to be prevented, reduced and eliminated through the supplementary application of different forms of direct democracy or direct political participation. However, it is not always easy to ensure that all individuals and target groups feel protected, satisfied and equal in modern states, primarily due to the contingent nature of polycentric politics. Keywords: libertarian politics, citizenship, freedom, direct democracy, participation, referendum populism, emancipation, manipulation. Literatura

Effects of nanobiosilica from rice husk ash application on rice growth, productivity, and milling quality

Application of different forms of silicon sources may influence rice production and quality. It is believed that properties of nanosized particles may differ significantly from those of the original bulk material. This study aimed to investigate effects of application of silica nanoparticles extracted from rice husk ash, called nanobiosilica (NBS), on the rice growth, productivity, and milling quality as compared to those of rice husk ash (RHA), sodium silicate solution (SDS), and two control treatments. NBS was produced by the sol-gel method. The five treatments were arranged on a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Application of NBS (20-50nm) and SDS significantly produced the highest stem strength, lodging tolerance, number of productive tillers, grain per-clump, and rice productivity (7.30-7.32t/ha). NBS produced better yield performances than RHA, the initial bulk material. The treatments did not influence brown rice and milled rice yield. However, the highest percentage of head rice was observed following NBS and RHA treatments. The results suggested that production of NBS from RH and its application to paddy field could be a viable strategy for supporting sustainable rice production, producing better quality of milled rice, increasing benefit of rice processors/farmers, and reducing environmental issues of underutilized rice husk.

Silver origins and spatial distribution in soils of southwestern France: A first assessment with cokriging

Ag is a rare, non-essential metal with many applications in different forms, including nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). Its release into the soil environment can represent a risk, due to the toxicity of silver. This study is based on the analysis of samples from the two sampling campaigns of the Soil Quality Measurement Network, RMQS1 and RMQS2, to establish the spatial distribution and origin of Ag in the soils of southwestern France (area of 90,293 km2). Given the progress of the second campaign (completion in 2027), we chose to do a cokriging to estimate the spatial distribution, with Pb, Cd or Cu as potential secondary variables. The results of the analyzes of the 35 samples of the RMQS2 indicate a range of Ag concentration in the soils going from 0.015 to 0.222 mg kg−1 and a median of 0.081 mg kg−1. Correlations were found between the concentrations of Ag Cd, Cu and Pb, and also between Ag concentrations and distance to Pb mines and deposits (r = 0.62). This suggests a common origin for Ag and Pb linked to historical exploitations of argentiferous galena. No link could be demonstrated between the concentration of Ag and the high density of anti-hail ground generators in the region. The analysis of the (auto-)variograms showed that Pb is the most relevant variable compared to Cd and Cu to achieve a cokriging. Thus, based on Ag concentrations from RMQS2 and Pb concentrations from RMQS1 (356 samples), a linear co-regionalization model was established and the co-kriging of Ag concentrations in soils calculated. Compared to ordinary kriging, cokriging improved the quality of the interpolation (decrease in the root mean square error).

Effects of vermicompost and inorganic fertilizer applications in different forms and doses on grain corn

The aim of this study is to determine the most appropriate form and dose of vermicompost applications, which can be used to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers without reducing farmer income in sustainable grain corn production. This study was carried out in 2019 and 2020 under ecological conditions of Cumra-Konya. The research was conducted using randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a split plot arrangement with three replications. Different forms (C; control, I; inorganic, V; vermicompost, L; liquid vermicompost, T; vermicompost tea, ½ I + V2, ½ I + L3, and ½ I + T3) to be placed on the main plots and doses (V1; 1000, V2; 2000, V3; 3000, and V4; 5000 kg ha−1, L1; 30, L2; 50, L3; 100 and L4; 150 kg ha−1, T1; 150, T2; 250, T3; 500, and T4; 750 kg ha−1) to be placed in split plots were selected randomly. When the results obtained in both years of the study were evaluated together, it was observed that the highest grain yield values were obtained from I, ½ I + V2, ½ I + L3, and ½ I + T3 applications (17833, 17207, 17536, and 16733 kg ha−1 respectively). When yield and cost analysis results are evaluated, it is seen that ½ I + T3 fertilizer applications stand out compared to other applications.

Examination of scales developed/adapted on distance education

Distance education is an educational practice concept that has been in the literature since the 1700s, when the idea of education being accessible was adopted. It has come to life in applications in different forms, from the years when education was seen as a mere transfer of knowledge, to the years when technological developments accelerated, and transnational classes could be formed. Due to the mandatory pandemic conditions experienced in 2020 and whose effects were observed at the global level, discussions, and studies on distance education in the field of educational sciences gained momentum and became one of the important concepts. This situation has also guided the scale development studies on distance education, and it is aimed to measure the concept of distance education by associating it with many factors such as attitude, satisfaction, and perception. However, in the literature review, no content analysis was found regarding the scales developed/adapted for distance education. The aim of this study; The aim of this study is to examine the distance education scales developed in Turkish and adapted to Turkish for higher education students. In this context, scale development and adaptation studies related to the concept of distance education in Turkish with higher education students in the study group were scanned through Google Scholar, TOAD and ResearchGate databases, and the scales developed/adapted were examined in terms of sub-dimensions, distribution by years, scale types, number of items and scale types analyzed. The research is a qualitative study in which document analysis method is used. In the research, 22 scale development/adaptation studies were examined by scanning model method. According to the results, it was seen that the scale development/adaptation studies were carried out mostly in 2021 (6), the development studies (17) were dominant, the number of items in the scales was in the range of 21-30 items (8), and it was developed in a 5-point Likert type (20). It has been shown that / is adapted.

Ways to protect the rights of parties of contract : theoretical and practical aspects

The article is devoted to the study of protection the rights of participants in contractual relations. The scientific article examines the definition of «protection the rights of participants in contractual relations», «civil liability». The article based on the application of the Supreme Court of Ukraine practice.The author of the article agrees with the approach proposed in the doctrine on the expediency of the transition to the so-called behavioral concept of guilt. The importance of the theoretical demarcation of the institution of ensuring the fulfillment of obligations and measures of civil liability is emphasized. The possibility of simultaneous application of different forms of civil liability is allowed. It is argued that it is appropriate to change the approach to determining and compensating of non-pecuniary damage.Considering the above, the purpose of the study is to analyse the doctrinal and regulatory aspects of ways to protect the rights of the parties to the contract during resolving their disputes and determine the main trends in the practice of the Supreme Court of Ukraine on this problem. The author of the article investigated approaches to understanding the concept of a way to protect subjective civil rights enshrined in law, the issues of the legal consequences of non-fulfillment of monetary obligations, significant expansion of the application into practice article 625 of the Civil Code of Ukraine. The use of such method of protection of rights as the recognition of a contract as invalid is investigated. The problem of applying the recognition of the contract as invalid as a way of protection is analyzed not for the protection of civil rights or interests, but for the purpose of non-fulfillment of obligations arising from public legal relations or non-fulfillment of debt obligations.The main results of the article are the construction of national civil law on the pandect system by separating the general and special parts to determine the correct application in judicial practice of general and special provisions of the Code, which regulate certain legal institutions.

Cellulose‐Based Electrolytes for Advanced Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

AbstractIn the coming decades, it is urgent to find a way to power the future while keeping a clean environment and strong economic growth. Thus, it is expected to transition from using fossil fuels to renewable energy. Materials based on cellulose are abundant, low cost, sustainable, possess a high surface area, good thermal stability, biocompatibility, mechanical flexibility, and inherit unique layered fiber structure from cellulose, which can act as an ideal electrolyte matrix for sustainable and high energy density lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). In this review, we focus on energy storage application of different forms of cellulose‐based electrolytes in LIBs. Specifically, we summarize the recent advances of cellulose‐based gel and solid‐state electrolytes, focusing on the gel electrolytes based on different types of plasticizers (cellulose‐based electrolytes for flexible LIBs also are introduced). Finally, several perspectives related to the cellulose‐based‐electrolytes for LIBs are proposed based on recent progress and our own evaluation.

FORMATION OF DIDACTIC COMPETENCE OF FUTURE PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS

The article deals with the peculiarities of the formation of didactic competence of future physical education teachers in the conditions of modern educational realities. The didactic competence of the future physical education teacher is an important component of his professional readiness, which provides at the personal level his self -organization in accordance with professional requirements and enables to professionally carry out pedagogical activity in the system of physical culture of the educational institution. The basic ideas of the competence approach are analyzed and systematized, on the basis of which the model of didactic competence of the future physical culture teacher, consisting of three components: motivational-information, cognitive-content and technological. The motivational and information component was aimed at the formation of stable motivation for students to thoroughly study pedagogical didactics as a factor of realization of acquired knowledge and skills in the pedagogical activity of the future teacher of physical culture. This is facilitated by the involvement of students in active forms of classes: presentations, heuristic conversations, cognitive games, debates, symposia. The cognitive-content component is directed to the formation of completeness of theoretical knowledge and features of practical application of different forms of work. The study of educational topics involves the widespread use of active forms of work: modeling, presentations, "brainstorming", candid conversations, symposia, debates, protection of didactic models developed by students. The technological component involved acquaintance of students with different methods and features of developmental learning. The developed model of didactic competence with its content filling is implemented during the teaching of the discipline "Pedagogy of physical culture with the basics of didactics". It is investigated that the formation of didactic activity of students of specialty 014 Secondary education (physical culture) is possible with the implementation of structural content components on the basis of cross-curricular integration with professional-oriented disciplines and the widespread use Interest in pedagogical didactics and develop reflexive abilities.
 Keywords: didactic competence, future physical culture teachers, physical culture pedagogy.

Effect of Invasive Weed Biochar Mixed with Inorganic Fertilizer on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Semi-arid Region of India

The application of different forms of organic material is a traditional strategy used to sustain soil fertility by replenishing soil organic matter (SOM) and enhancing nutrient profile for crops. This study focuses on the comparative efficacy of biochar prepared from locally available invasive weed biomass (Parthenium hysterophorus L. and Lantana camara L.) with or without inorganic fertilization on soil properties and nutrient availability in post harvested soils. Results revealed that soil bulk density (BD) was significantly decreased with application of biochar @ 5 t ha-1 and 10 t ha-1 along with 75% RDF (Recommended dose of fertilizers) as compared to control while water holding capacity (WHC) significantly increased in the range of 18.40-32.78% as compared to RDF by the application of Parthenium hysterophorus L. and Lantana camara L. biochar @ 2.5 t ha-1, 5.0 t ha-1 and 10.0 t ha-1 along with 75% RDF. It was also observed that Parthenium hysterophorus L. and Lantana camara L. biochar along with 75% RDF addition to soil increased SOC (5.17 g kg-1 to 7.99 g kg-1) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) by 3.36-37.14% as compared with control, depending on the quantity of biochar application. Similar trends were also reported in case of available macro and micro nutrients in the post harvest soil. Therefore, application of invasive weed biochar with inorganic fertilization is considered as promising strategy for improve physical and chemical properties of soils and soil health in semi-arid ecosystem.

Role of Masson’s trichrome stain in evaluating the effect of platelet-rich plasma on collagenesis after induction of thermal burn in adult male albino rats

Background Burns are a global health problem, accounting for about 180 000 deaths annually especially in low- and middle-income countries. Many reports have concentrated on the role of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of soft tissue burn lesions. Aim This work aimed to study the role of Masson’s trichrome stain in evaluating the effect of PRP on induced thermal burn in adult male albino rats. Materials and methods In all, 50 adult male albino rats were divided into blood donor group (10 rats), control group (10 rats), and experimental group (30 rats). The experimental group was further subdivided into subgroups A, B, and C. For the experimental group, the rats were anesthetized and exposed to thermal burn. Subgroup A were subjected to contact thermal burn and left without treatment. Subgroup B were subcutaneously injected with 0.3 ml of autologous PRP. In subgroup C autologous topical PRP was applied. Skin specimens were obtained and stained by Masson’s trichrome for histological evaluation at days 1, 7, 14, and 28 after burn induction. Results The subgroups that were treated by PRP were found with better collagen organization and earlier restoration of normal histological features of skin tissue. Conclusion Application of different forms of PRP (injectable and topical) helps healing of burn wounds.

Linking multi-media modeling with machine learning to assess and predict lake chlorophyll a concentrations

Eutrophication and excessive algal growth pose a threat on aquatic organisms and the health of the public, environment, and the economy. Understanding what drives excessive algal growth can inform mitigation measures and aid in advance planning to minimize impacts. We demonstrate how simulated data from weather, hydrological, and agroecosystem numerical prediction models can be combined with machine learning (ML) to assess and predict chlorophyll a (chl a) concentrations, a proxy for lake eutrophication and algal biomass. The study area is Lake Erie for a 16-year period, 2002–2017. A total of 20 environmental variables from linked and coupled physical models are used as input features to train the ML model with chl a observations from 16 measuring stations. Included are meteorological variables from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, hydrological variables from the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model, and agricultural management practice variables from the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) agroecosystem model. The consolidation of these variables is conducive to a successful prediction of chl a. Aside from the synergistic effects that weather, hydrology, and fertilizers have on eutrophication and excessive algal growth, we found that the application of different forms of both P and N fertilizers are highly ranked for the prediction of chl a concentration. The developed ML model successfully predicts chl a with a coefficient of determination of 0.81, bias of −0.12 μg/l and RMSE of 4.97 μg/l. The developed ML-based modeling approach can be used for impact assessment of agriculture practices in a changing climate that affect chl a concentrations in Lake Erie.

Aqueous and gaseous plasma applications for the treatment of mung bean seeds

Sprouts are particularly prone to microbial contamination due to their high nutrient content and the warm temperatures and humid conditions needed for their production. Therefore, disinfection is a crucial step in food processing as a means of preventing the transmission of bacterial, parasitic and viral pathogens. In this study, a dielectric coplanar surface barrier discharge (DCSBD) system was used for the application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), plasma activated water (PAW) and their combination on mung bean seeds. Germination assessments were performed in a test tube set-up filled with glass beads and the produced irrigation water. Overall, it was found that the combined seed treatment with direct air CAP (350 W) and air PAW had no negative impact on mung bean seed germination and growth, nor the concentration of secondary metabolites within the sprouts. These treatments also reduced the total microbial population in sprouts by 2.5 log CFU/g. This research reports for first time that aside from the stimulatory effect of plasma discharge on seed surface disinfection, sustained plasma treatment through irrigation of treated seeds with PAW can significantly enhance seedling growth. The positive outcome and further applications of different forms, of plasma i.e., gaseous and aqueous, in the agro-food industry is further supported by this research.