Energy Storage Applications Research Articles

Thiol-functionalized conductive Co-MOF and its derivatives S-doped Co(OH)2 nanoflowers for high-performance supercapacitors

The low conductivity of many traditional metal–organic-framework (MOF)-based electrode limits their developments in the field of electrochemical energy storage and still of great challenge. The controllable preparation of various kinds of nanomaterials using thiol-functionalized MOF shows great prospects. In this work, a thiol-functionalized metal–organic framework sheet structure (Co-MOF/NF) on nickel foam was successfully prepared by in situ interfacial growth synthesis, which was transformed into its derivatives S-doped β-Co(OH)2 nanoflowers Co-x/NF (x = 1, 2 and 6) in different concentrations of KOH solutions through ion etching/exchange reaction. The pristine thiol-functionalized Co-MOF/NF and its derivatives Co-x/NF (x = 1, 2 and 6) nanoflower-like arrays could be used as positive electrode materials for effective supercapacitors. Among them, the transformation of the nanoflower-like Co-1/NF electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical properties with high areal capacitance (1925 ± 23 mF/cm2 at 1 mA/cm2), good rate performance, excellent conductivity and decent cycling stability. The Co-1//AC ASC device provides a high energy density of 0.176 mWh/cm2 (92.6 Wh/kg) at a power density of 0.745 mW/cm2 (392.1 W/kg). And this Co-1//AC ASC device exhibits a good cycling stability and practical application in energy storage field. This study provides a new strategy for the pristine thiol-functionalized MOF and its conversion nanostructures for energy storage applications.

Porous silicon/carbon composites as anodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

Silicon anodes are promising for use in lithium-ion batteries. However, their practical application is severely limited by their large volume expansion leading to irreversible material fracture and electrical disconnects. This study proposes a new top-down strategy for preparing microsize porous silicon and introduces polyacrylonitrile (PAN) for a nitrogen-doped carbon coating, which is designed to maintain the internal pore volume and lower the expansion of the anode during lithiation and delithiation. We then explore the effect of temperature on the evolution of the structure of PAN and the electrochemical behavior of the composite electrode. After treatment at 400 -, the PAN coating retains a high nitrogen content of 11.35%, confirming the presence of C―N and C―O bonds that improve the ionic-electronic transport properties. This treatment not only results in a more intact carbon layer structure, but also introduces carbon defects, and produces a material that has remarkable stable cycling even at high rates. When cycled at 4 A g−1, the anode had a specific capacity of 857.6 mAh g−1 even after 200 cycles, demonstrating great potential for high-capacity energy storage applications.

Multifunctional 1–octadecanol/expanded graphite/Fe3O4 composite phase change materials with effective solar–to–thermal and magnetic–to–thermal conversion and storage

Composite phase change materials (CPCMs) with multifunctional thermal conversion and storage abilities have demonstrated exceptional properties for diverse energy storage applications recently; however, these composite materials often encounter limitations of low heat storage capacity and high cost. In this study, novel 1–octadecanol (OD)/expanded graphite (EG)/Fe3O4 CPCMs were facilely prepared and characterized for multifunctional thermal conversion and storage properties. The composites showed excellent thermal energy storage capacities, reaching 185.5 J/g at 80 % OD accompanied by high crystallization fractions of above 95 %. In addition, they exhibited great thermal conductivities, excellent leakage resistance, thermal stability, and reliability. Under simulated solar irradiation, the prepared OD/EG/Fe3O4 CPCMs exhibited a rapid temperature increase from 34 to 70 °C, achieving solar–to–thermal conversion efficiency of 80.2–90.5 %. This behavior can be attributed to its ability to capture and convert photons into thermal energy, facilitated by the synergistic effects of the conjugated double–bond system of EG and localized surface plasmon resonance of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Furthermore, the prepared OD/EG/Fe3O4 CPCMs exhibited superparamagnetic properties, accelerating their temperatures from 32 °C to 88 °C within 11–23 s when subjected to an alternating magnetic field. This demonstrates magnetic–to–thermal conversion and storage ability. These findings highlight the potential of OD/EG/Fe3O4 CPCMs as promising and cost–effective materials for various practical thermal storage applications.

Research on self-supporting flexible cathode materials with high LFP loading based on PAN in situ inorganic reaction

High loading flexible electrode material is a key component of flexible batteries. This article prepares a flexible electrode by using electrospinning technology that achieves high conductivity and self-supporting without adhesive and current collector. This structural advantage is attributed to the high compatibility and fibrosis of PAN (polyacrylonitrile) and LFP/CNF, which is transformed in situ by precursor conversion method into a flexible self-supporting composite electrode with continuous carbon fiber/CNF as the conductive phase and LFP(LiFePO4) as the lithium storage phase. These flexible materials achieving a specific capacity of 110.5 mAh/g at 0.1C, 92 mAh/g at 0.5C, and 58 mAh/g at 3C, further demonstrated reversible charge and discharge cycles after mechanical bending. These findings highlight the potential of LFP/CNF electrodes for flexible and high-performance energy storage applications.

Enhanced electrochemical performance of flexible carbon substrates via carbonized layer of oxidant-induced polydopamine for high-performance supercapacitors

Flexible substrates are essential for advancing energy storage materials in portable and wearable devices. Carbon cloth is a promising option due to its flexibility and lightweight properties, but its high electrical resistance and hydrophobic surface present challenges for solution-based electrolytes. To overcome these issues, a surface modification technique was developed that coats carbon cloth with dopamine and subsequently carbonizes it. This process enhances hydrophilicity while preserving the sp2 carbon structure, significantly improving electrical conductivity. The chemical bath deposition of Ni(OH)2 onto the carbonized polydopamine-coated carbon cloth produced a uniform layer that increased specific capacitance dramatically. At a current density of 1 A/g, the specific capacitance reached 1100F/g, compared to 919F/g for Ni(OH)2 on unmodified carbon cloth. Furthermore, the electrodes maintained high specific capacitance at higher current densities, showcasing superior rate capability. Overall, carbonized polydopamine layers effectively reduce electrical resistivity and hydrophobicity, enhancing the performance of carbon-based materials for energy storage applications.

Tip effect of NiCo-LDH with low crystallinity for enhanced energy storage performance of yarn-shaped supercapacitors

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are considered promising materials for supercapacitor applications. However, the development of yarn-shaped supercapacitors (YSCs) with high electrochemical performance utilizing LDHs remains challenging. In this study, the NiCo-LDHs with various morphologies (nano-needles, nano-sheets, needle-sheet composites, and nano-flowers) were grown on carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-functionalized cotton yarn via a co-precipitation technique for YSC applications. Among these, the yarn incorporating nano-needle NiCo-LDHs exhibited reduced crystallinity yet demonstrated a superior areal capacitance compared to other morphologies, following a diffusion-controlled process. Finite element simulations were subsequently conducted to investigate this phenomenon, revealing that the lower-crystallinity nano-needle NiCo-LDHs accumulated a greater charge at their tips, thereby enhancing redox reactions and achieving higher energy storage capacitance. Subsequently, the yarns with nano-needle NiCo-LDHs were assembled into flexible quasi-solid-state symmetric YSCs, achieving a peak areal capacitance of 124.27 mF cm−2 and an exceptionally high energy density of 39.4 μWh cm−2 at a current density of 0.2 mA cm−2. Furthermore, our YSCs can be scaled up through serial or parallel connections and integrated into fabrics, making them suitable for wearable energy storage applications. This work provides an efficient method for fabricating high-performance YSCs and demonstrates significant potential for wearable energy storage devices.

Comprehensive analysis of polyethylene glycol – lauric acid as a promising phase change material: Spectroscopic, thermal, and quantum insights

The increasing need for effective and environmentally sustainable energy storage technologies has delineated phase change materials (PCMs) as prospective candidates for thermal energy storage applications. In this study, we thoroughly analyzed polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) and lauric acid (LA) as promising PCMs by applying spectroscopic study, thermal, and quantum approaches. The thermal stability and chemical compatibility of PEG – LA were investigated using FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, revealing that optimal molecular interactions and structural changes occur at temperatures ranging from −10 °C to 30 °C, especially at higher LA volume fraction (VLA ≥ 60 %), as evidenced by marked blue shifts in the Raman spectra. TGA demonstrated the 2-step degradation of the PEG – LA (6:4), representing good material stability and high thermal conductivity enhancement of 32.24 % due to synergistic interactions among PEG and LA. DSC analysis established a high capacitive energy storage of 181.5 J/g and a phase transition of solid–liquid at room temperature (30–40 °C), which better crystallization properties based on higher LHR and supercooling degree compared with pristine LA. The thermal cycling reliability and FTIR spectra demonstrated the thermal and chemical stability of PEG – LA even after 1000 cycles. Quantum DFT analysis verified the experimental results, exhibiting robust hydrogen bonding interactions that contribute to the thermal stability, phase transition processes, higher energy storage capacity, and reactivity of PEG – LA. These results highlight PEG – LA as a promising and effective PCM for various thermal energy storage applications.

Tuning Electrochemical Performance of Polymer Electrolyte Films through Metal Oxide Incorporation

AbstractWith the escalating global energy demand, the exploration of alternative, easily accessible, and cost‐effective energy sources has become imperative. The diminishing reserves of conventional energy resources underscore the urgency to transition towards renewable energy. Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have gained prominence for energy storage electrochemical devices due to their high flexibility and favorable electrode–electrolyte interactions. This study focuses on synthesizing nano cuprous oxide (CuO) semiconductors via the precipitation method. The prepared CuO nanofiller is homogeneously dispersed into a polymer electrolyte solution. Utilizing the solution cast method, free‐standing polymer electrolyte films are fabricated, exhibiting commendable mechanical stability. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) serves as the host material, with potassium iodide (KI) salt, forming the basis for the polymer electrolyte. The resultant electrolyte films underwent comprehensive characterization for their electrical and optical properties. The investigation aims to identify the optimal composition of the electrolyte film with superior conductivity. The selected composition will be employed in the fabrication of various electrochemical devices, demonstrating the potential for enhanced energy storage applications. This work not only contributes to the synthesis of advanced solid polymer electrolyte films but also paves the way for the development of efficient and sustainable energy storage solutions in the realm of renewable energy technologies.

Development and Characterization of Ethylene‐Vinyl Acetate‐Graphene Nanocomposites

AbstractThe prospective applications of carbon graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) reinforced ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) nanocomposites in flexible electronics, energy storage devices, and thermal management systems have attracted a lot of attention. These nanocomposites offer an effective solution for enhancing the electrical conductivity of interfacing materials in electronic systems and addressing issues related to thermal management. GNPs that possess excellent thermal conductivity of 2000–4000 W m−1 K−1 and an electrical conductivity of 107 S m−1 are utilized in this investigation. The homogeneous dispersion of nanofiller and the effective load transfer between components through strong filler/polymer interfacial interactions are essential for the creation of multifunctional polymer nanocomposites. Particularly, their electrical conductivity and dielectric properties are highlighted in this study, with an emphasis on the synthesis and characterization of nanocomposite materials. This work investigates the utilization of graphene nanocomposites in EVA using a melt‐mixing technique assisted by sonication to fabricate multifunctional composites. Incorporating different weight percentages of GNPs (ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 wt.%) within the polymer matrix is carried out. In the present study, the nanocomposites are characterized by scanning electron microscopy investigation and impedance spectrum analysis. The distinctive characteristics of the AC electrical transport in nanocomposites are investigated between 10 Hz and 1 MHz. Excellent interfacial compatibility has been demonstrated by the homogenous distribution of GNPs within the matrix, confirmed by SEM examination. These EVA nanocomposites demonstrate improved electrical conductivity, thereby rendering them very useful for energy storage applications, such as electronic capacitors, wherein supports with a significant dielectric constant and minimal dielectric loss are required.

Redox active cobalt based bi-linker metal organic frameworks derived from 5-sulfoisopthalic acid and 4,4-bipyridine for supercapacitor

In this research study, we have synthesized, characterized and extensively compared the electrochemical characteristics of two materials derived from 5-sulphoisophtalic acid, 4,4-bipyridine and cobalt metal using sonochemical method. Cobalt-bipyridine complex with 5-SIP in lattice structure (RG-41) showed predominant capacitive behavior whereas Co-SIP-Bpy MOF (RG-42) exhibited significant pseudocapacitive attributes due to the presence of coordination linkage responsible for the electron transfer. Due to the effective electrochemical properties of RG-42, we implemented it practically by fabricating a hybrid device with outstanding electrochemical features, demonstrating impressive 92 % cyclic stability with energy density and power density of 51.41 Wh/kg and 800 W/kg at 1 A/g, respectively. Dunn's method was employed to obtain capacitive-diffusive contributions for both half-electrochemical cells as well as hybrid device. These results underscored the potential of RG-42 as a competitive electrode material for future energy storage applications.

Biogenic synthesis of porous CuO nanoparticles: Synergistic effects in photocatalytic dye degradation and electrochemical energy storage applications

This study explores the biogenic synthesis of CuO nanoparticles functionalized with Solanum nigrum, using Acalypha indica leaf extract as a reducing agent. The biogenically synthesized CuO nanoparticles were comprehensively characterized by various analytical techniques, involves X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), BET surface area analysis (BET), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV–Visible spectral analysis (UV), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), fluorescence spectroscopy, photocatalytic degradation, antimicrobial assay, cytotoxicity assay, electrochemical analysis, and linear sweep voltammetry studies. The XRD analysis revealed end centered monoclinic phase with a 10 nm average crystalline size. BET analysis showed a mesoporous structure with a surface area of 11.54 m2/g. XPS and EDAX confirmed the presence of Cu2+ and O2− ions. SEM and TEM images indicated spherical, and porous nanostructures. UV–Visible spectroscopy identified an active optical range of 508–518 nm (2.40–2.45 eV), suggesting potential photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of Methylene blue (98.8 %) and Rhodamine B (95 %) were achieved after 100 min of irradiation. Antimicrobial tests demonstrated effectiveness against Staph. aureus, E. coli, Shigella flexneri, and Candida tropicalis. The nanoparticles exhibited notable cytotoxicity against colorectal cancer cells with IC50 values of 58.66 μg/ml and 66.78 μg/ml. Additionally, a symmetric supercapacitor electrode using these nanoparticles achieved a specific capacitance of 375 Fg−1 at the current density of 1 Ag−1. This research underscores the versatile applications of biogenic CuO nanoparticles in photocatalysis, antimicrobial treatments, cancer therapy, and energy storage.

Vat photopolymerization for thermal energy storage applications using encapsulated phase change material suspended in photocurable resin

A novel approach to additively manufacture latent heat thermal energy storage heat exchangers through the development of microencapsulated phase change material (MEPCM) suspensions in photocurable resin for vat photopolymerization (VPP) 3D printing is presented. Using MEPCM addresses the leakage risks that have typically been associated with PCMs and subsequently makes the particulates a suitable additive for VPP 3D printing. In the current study, VPP was employed to fabricate functional composites with varying MEPCM mass fractions for thermal, rheological, microstructure, and chemical characterization. Microstructure visualization was conducted to assess the overall distribution of MEPCM within the 3D printed samples and to confirm the structural integrity of the encapsulated particles after printing. The influence of the base resin viscosity was explored by investigating two photocurable resins with different viscosities—a high-tensile UV photopolymer and an ABS-like resin—during the printing process. Thermal properties, such as latent heat of fusion, phase-change temperature, thermal conductivity, and decomposition temperature of the 3D printed samples were determined. Rheology was used to observe the effect of varying shear rates on the MEPCM-resin mixtures to identify the optimal viscoelastic properties for VPP 3D printing. It was determined that the ABS-like resin was able to contain a larger amount of PCM (40 wt%) while maintaining printability due to the lower viscosity of the corresponding pure resin. The 40 wt% MEPCM composite exhibited an average viscosity of 18,817 cPs, a maximum latent heat of fusion of 54.12 kJ/kg, and a 12.4 % reduction in thermal conductivity compared to the pure polymer.

Composite hydroxide mediated synthesis of barium-doped strontium oxide nanostructures for energy storage applications

Composite hydroxide mediated synthesis of barium-doped strontium oxide nanostructures for energy storage applications

Eco-friendly synthesis and applications of graphene-titanium dioxide nanocomposites for pollutant degradation and energy storage

An innovative, eco-friendly method has been developed to synthesize reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets using orange peel extract. Following this, TiO2 nanoparticles are anchored to the rGO sheets through a hydrothermal process, resulting in an rGO/TiO2 nanocomposite (GTO/NC). This study utilized standard characterization techniques to confirm the formation of GTO/NC-1 and GTO/NC-2. Comparative analysis demonstrated that orange peel extract exhibits reducing capabilities compared to other natural reducers. The resulting GTO/NC-1 and GTO/NC-2, specifically GTO/NC-2, enhanced catalytic performance in degrading methyl orange a prevalent organic pollutant in various industrial applications. This nanocomposite achieved a turnover frequency of 0.003 mg MO/mg catalyst/min and displayed remarkable durability, enduring 3.0 cycles with robust first-order rate constants of 0.0193 min−1. Additionally, the electrochemical properties of GTO/NC-1 and GTO/NC-2 as electrode materials were assessed, revealing a specific capacitance of 320.0 Fg−1 at a current density of 1.0 Ag−1 and maintaining about 86.8 % of its initial capacitance after various charge–discharge cycles. These properties highlight the potential of GTO/NC-1 and GTO/NC-2 as both efficient catalysts for environmental remediation and durable materials for energy storage applications, offering substantial benefits for sustainable technology solutions.

Boron nitride nanosheets/epoxy nanocomposites with high thermal conductivity and high dielectric constant for energy storage applications

Boron nitride nanosheets/epoxy nanocomposites with high thermal conductivity and high dielectric constant for energy storage applications

Solvation structures in weakly solvating solvents lead to hybrid vehicular/structural ion transport

Despite the reported benefits of weakly solvating electrolytes (WSEs), investigations on the solvation structures and ion transport mechanisms present in WSEs are limited. This is particularly the case for electrolytes containing the weakly solvating 1,2-diethoxyethane (DEE), which has shown great promise recently. It is for this purpose, we employ molecular dynamics simulations and quantum mechanical calculations to investigate the solvation structure and Li+ transport for lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) in DEE. From the results reported herein, it was found that at lower concentrations, solvent separated ion pairs are particularly stable, primarily due to the presence of FSI– in the second solvation shell of Li+. As the salt concentration increases, cation–anion complexes appear and form large aggregates. The presence of these large aggregates promotes a hybrid/structural diffusion mechanism at high concentrations, where Li+ ions readily exchange ligands with FSI– anions but remains coordinated with DEE molecules. Hence, the results reported herein investigate how the solvation structure influences transport properties in weakly solvating solvents and provides insights that can be used to optimize electrolytes for energy storage applications.

Neodymium oxide-based hybrid phase few-layer MoS2 nanocomposite as high-performance symmetric supercapacitor electrode

The two-dimensional layered materials (for example MoS2) are potential electrodes for supercapacitors with their excellent lamellar structure, high surface area, mechanical flexibility, and potential redox activity. However, due to restacking of chemical structure and low electrical conductivity of the pure MoS2 electrodes are prevented for energy storage applications. Therefore the electrodes are made up of a composite by a mixture of MoS2 and rare-earth metals significantly addressing these issues with improved electrical conductivity, large electrochemical active surface, and shorter ion-diffusion kinetics. In the present study, the MoS2 and MoS2/Nd2O3 composite were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The structural phase identification of prepared samples was accomplished by using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Raman spectra. Furthermore, TEM reveals changes in the shape of nanosheets and interlayer spacing. The GCD of symmetric MoS2/Nd2O3 composite electrodes displayed remarkable charging/discharging performance, with increased stability and rate capability. The MoS2/Nd2O3 composite shows utmost Csp of 2528.18 Fg-1 at 1 Ag-1. In addition, the CV and GCD studies suggest that the electrodes exhibit pseudocapacitive behavior and excellent energy density(E) of 191 Wh kg-1 at 1474.1 W kg-1 power density(P) in 1M H2SO4. The supercapacitor device made up of MoS2/Nd2O3 composite shows greater performance in practical LED glowing applications. Therefore, the composites make advancements in energy storage devices like batteries and supercapbatteries due to their excellent energy storage, high electrochemically active surface area, and stability.

Facile synthesis of GexSiO(1-x) alloys as a superior anode enables high-energy lithium-ion batteries

The large-scale development of low-cost silicon monoxide (SiO) anode is limited due to its low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and poor cycle stability. Herein, the GexSiO(1-x) (0<x<1) composite anode has been facile synthesized by introducing germanium (Ge) atoms disrupted the structure of SiO matrix, which exhibits superior lithium storage performance. In particular, the optimized Ge0.5SiO0.5 electrode with nanoscale dispersion shows a high ICE of 80.2 % and a reversible capacity of 673.9 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles. To evaluate the effect of the Ge addition on the electrochemical properties, the lithium storage behaviors and structural evolution of the GexSiO(1-x) electrodes are investigated systematically. The in-situ electrochemical dilatometry reveals that the Ge0.5SiO0.5 electrode displays a better reversible thickness variation during cycling process. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation demonstrates that the SiGe domain can accommodate the volume expansion of Si and Ge domains. Moreover, the relationships between the electrochemical performance and morphology evolution demonstrate that the disordered structure and nanoscale distribution of Ge0.5SiO0.5 electrodes are the main reasons for improving ICE and cycle stability. This work provides a commercially available synthetic route for the design of advanced anode materials for large-scale energy storage applications.

Flexible poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)/copper oxide nanocomposites: A promising avenue for energy storage applications

The use of metal oxide nanoparticles in polymeric materials to improve optical properties, dielectric constant, mechanical strength, and electrical conductivity has generated significant interest in fabricating flexible optoelectronic and energy storage devices. Herein, copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticle-reinforced poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) nanocomposites were prepared using a solvent-free two roll mill mixing method. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis reveals the distinct absorption peaks of CuO in the EVA matrix. The addition of CuO nanoparticles improved the crystallinity of EVA, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The addition of CuO to EVA led to an increase in the refractive index and a decrease in bandgap energy, as well as a broadening and intensification of UV–visible absorption, indicating strong interactions between CuO nanoparticles and the EVA matrix. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) revealed a homogeneous dispersion of CuO nanoparticles throughout the EVA matrix. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated that the incorporation of CuO nanoparticles into EVA significantly enhanced its thermal properties. The electrical characteristics studies showed that the AC conductivity and dielectric constant of EVA increased significantly with increasing temperatures and CuO nanoparticle loading levels. EVA containing 5 wt% CuO exhibited the highest conductivity and the lowest activation energy. CuO nanoparticle reinforcement significantly enhanced the tensile, tear, and impact strength of EVA while reducing elongation at break up to a particular concentration. The nanocomposites containing 5 wt% CuO exhibited the highest tensile, tear resistance, and impact strengths, outperforming virgin EVA by 85 %, 103.6 %, and 83.16 %, respectively. These findings suggest that EVA/CuO nanocomposites are promising candidates for flexible dielectric materials.

Synthesis of manganese oxide thin films deposited on different substrates via atmospheric pressure-CVD

In this study, we report the synthesis of manganese oxide (MnxOy) thin films on stainless steel, silicon, and borosilicate glass substrates via atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (AP-CVD) using Mn(thd)3 and O3 as precursor and reactive gas, respectively. Deposition was achieved at a low temperature of 300 °C under atmospheric pressure, offering a cost-effective and scalable alternative to traditional high-vacuum CVD methods. The films displayed excellent adhesion and reproducibility, with substrate-dependent variations in film coloration, crystal phases, and morphology. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of Mn3O4 and Mn2O3 phases, with Mn3O4 predominating on stainless steel and silicon, while Mn2O3 was more prominent on glass. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed granular structures with uniform grain sizes, particularly on stainless steel substrates. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed Mn2+ and Mn3+ oxidation states, consistent with the phase distribution observed by XRD and Raman analysis. This work demonstrates the potential of AP-CVD for scalable manganese oxide thin-film synthesis, particularly for energy storage applications, where Mn3O4 and Mn2O3 can serve as precursors to δ-MnO2 in supercapacitors. The method's simplicity, combined with the high-quality films produced, makes it a promising approach for future research and industrial-scale applications.