Advent Research Articles

Measuring technological development and sovereignty

The article discusses the issue of measuring technological sovereignty, which is essential for developing a scientific and technical strategy to enhance Russia’s technological independence. Index methods do not provide an accurate representation of the level of technological sovereignty. Solving this problem requires assessing the efficiency of economic technologies. The aim of the study is to explain the direct (non-indexed) method of measuring technology sovereignty, taking into account qualitative features of technologies. The study employs the theory of technological change and empirical regression analysis and uses statistical data from the Russian economy as its information base. A general algorithm for measuring technological independence is proposed. It is applied to each technological area separately, considering the qualitative characteristics of the technologies used. An indicator for assessing the level of producibility is calculated based on the ratio of innovative to non-innovative products and services. The impact of investments in new and old technologies on this indicator is assessed, allowing to obtain a structural picture of Russia’s technological development and renewal. The general conclusion is that investments in new technologies have not been a determining factor in increasing the level of producibility for the Russian economy. The measurement of technological sovereignty requires changes to the federal statistical system for tracking technological development. This would not only allow for a more accurate quantification of the superiority of domestically produced technologies over imported ones but would also reflect the qualitative aspects of potential dependence on foreign technologies in a more comprehensive way. It is important to identify the balance between new and obsolete technologies, as well as between domestic and foreign-produced technologie

Strategi Pengembangan dan Pemasaran Digital Industry Agency

This research aims to report on the development of Digital Industry Agency (DIA), covering the company’s identity, organization, target market, and financials. DIA, known for specializing in the development of digital products, focuses on big data and ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) systems. The goal of establishing DIA is to address various issues within companies related to Industry 4.0 through digitalization. ERP, as the main product, is designed to enhance company efficiency and effectiveness by integrating systems and business processes into a unified platform that can be used by all departments and branches of the company. DIA has successfully overcome challenges in developing and marketing digital solutions, particularly ERP, in the era of Industry 4.0. By focusing on innovation and digitalization, DIA has been able to improve operational efficiency and expand its market reach. The strategy of combining digital technology with service personalization has proven effective in attracting and retaining customers. To maintain its position as a leader in Indonesia's digital industry, DIA is advised to continue investing in advanced technology, human resource training, and product innovation to stay competitive and relevant in the market. Sustained investment in technology and product development will ensure DIA remains a key player in an ever-evolving market.

The impact of information technology on achieving sustainable development goals

The relationship between information technology and achieving sustainable development goals is a vital topic that deserves attention and study, as technology and information technology play a crucial role in promoting and achieving sustainable development goals in various aspects. Recent research and studies indicate that adopting technology and information technology can lead to increased productivity, saving time and effort, improving government and public services, and enhancing communication and knowledge exchange. At the same time, information technology can play a crucial role in promoting sustainable development by enhancing education and health, promoting equality and social justice, reducing pollution and the effects of climate change, and enhancing economic solutions and alternative methods. For example, information technology contributes to achieving the goal of eradicating poverty through: - Providing online learning platforms to enhance individuals' skills, distance education, i.e. access to education in remote areas that suffer from a lack of educational resources, and online vocational training by providing training programs to improve skills. Therefore, governments, international organizations and individuals must work together to adopt technology and information technology in a sustainable and effective manner to achieve the sustainable development goals. Innovation and investment in technology must be encouraged, awareness and education about the importance of information technology in promoting sustainable development must be promoted, and the correct and effective use of technology must be directed to achieve its benefits in the best possible way. Keywords: Information technology - development - sustainable development.

Unveiling risk factors influencing the selection of the Northern Sea Route: A conjoint analysis approach for Japanese shippers

This paper explores how Japanese corporations assess risks associated with using the Northern Sea Route (NSR) as a new maritime transport route in Asia and identifies measures to promote its usage. We address two key questions: (1) What risks influence shippers' route choices in maritime transport? (2) Does risk evaluation vary by cargo type and company size? Using choice-based conjoint analysis and a conditional logit model with online survey data, we identified five main risk factors influencing shippers: route unavailability rate, delay probability, piracy probability, transport costs, and war conditions, ranked in importance from highest to lowest as war conditions, delay probability, transport costs, route unavailability rate, and piracy probability. Additionally, the risk factors significantly influencing route selection were found to be robust, showing minimal variation across company size, type of trade (import/export), and the nature of the goods transported. Our findings suggest several policy implications. Diplomatic efforts are crucial for safe vessel navigation on the NSR. Government initiatives should focus on reducing transport delays through technology investments and implementing strategies to decrease NSR delay rates without increasing shippers' costs. Additionally, emphasizing the lower piracy risks on the NSR compared to Suez Canal Route could boost its attractiveness.

Evaluation of External Financing and Technology Investment Quality of Listed Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria

Purpose: This study examined the effects of external financing on technology investment quality of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study employed ex-post facto research design. 44 listed manufacturing firms on NGX as at 31st December, 2023 form the study population while 43 firms were selected as the sample using census sampling technique. Data were collected from annual audited financial reports and subjected to multiple regression analysis. Findings: The findings from the analysis revealed that long term debt has positive significant effect on research and development but insignificant negative effect on return on investment and operational efficiency. Also, it was found that short term debt has positive significant effect on return on investment but negative insignificant effect on operational efficiency and research and development. Practical Implication: The study concluded that finance from short term debt is crucial for manufacturing firms to earn optimum returns from their innovative investment. It is therefore recommended that management of manufacturing firms strategically align their external finances with investment in capital technology. Originality/Value: The originality of this study is such that, it may emerge as one of the pioneer studies to investigate the effect of external financing on the quality of technological investment within the Nigerian manufacturing sector.

Federating cross-domain BIM-based knowledge graph

Despite decades of the digitization of the construction industry, interoperability challenges prevail. One of which is the lack of sufficient integration between domain-specific BIM models. Therefore, the paper proposes a novel methodology for federating cross-domain BIM-based knowledge graphs. The approach leverages the integration of multiple models into a single knowledge graph, aiming to bridge the existing gaps in data exchange and enhance the semantic richness of building information models. Through a detailed exploration of existing data exchange mechanisms, popular ontologies, and schema limitations, this research addresses the interoperability dilemma. A practical demonstration, encapsulated in the “LBD-Online-Merge” demo application, validates the methodology’s efficacy in real-world scenarios, illustrating its potential to revolutionize building operations management and data preparation for the operational phase of a building’s lifecycle. This study significantly contributes to the academic and practical discourse by providing a robust framework for achieving a more integrated, intelligent building information management ecosystem, setting a new benchmark for future research and applications in constructing semantically rich digital twins of the built environment.

Dynamic correlation among renewable energy, technology, and carbon markets: Evidence from a novel nonparametric time-frequency approach

In addressing the challenges of energy security and climate change, ongoing efforts involve the development of innovative technologies to support the shift from conventional to clean energy sources. Concurrently, the establishment of carbon markets aims to facilitate a decrease in carbon emissions by enabling the trade of carbon credits. This study adds to the energy-climate discussion by examining the evolving dynamics of returns on investments in renewable energy, technology, and carbon markets. Specifically, the time-varying correlation among renewable energy, technology, and carbon markets in the European Union is examined from September 18, 2017 to December 14, 2022. The techniques employed for empirical analyses are the nonparametric time-frequency, Benjamini-Hochberg, and Benjamini-Yekutieli correlation techniques, as well as the time-varying Granger causality. Highlights from the results are as follows. Renewable energy, technology, and carbon markets exhibit time and frequency variations in their relationships, with significant correlations notably present during periods marked by major shifts in energy policy. Secondly, renewable energy and carbon markets exhibit very weak or even absent correlation, indicating their suitability for portfolio diversification. Furthermore, investors could benefit significantly by including both technology and carbon markets in their portfolios to reduce overall risk. Several additional recommendations are also provided in this study.

Gendered demand for environmental health technologies: Evidence of complementarities from stove auctions in India

We study if prior exposure to one environmental health technology - improved sanitation - complements or substitutes for additional household investments in another such technology – an electric induction cookstove. We conducted a cookstove demand revealing auction ten years after a random half of our sample had been exposed to an intensive sanitation promotion campaign in rural India. We observe that demand for induction cookstoves among men seems to be affected by information they obtain following the sanitation intervention, whereas preferences and demand among women, who likely have more at stake, are unchanged. This points to the importance of understanding interactions between gender, information, knowledge, and preferences for technology, and decision-making power over the adoption of such technology if we are to achieve environmental health targets.

Assessing the Economic Viability of Prolonged Fuel Cycles in the Agricultural Sector: Impacts on Productivity and Sustainability

The prolonged fuel cycles in agriculture present a critical challenge for maintaining sustainable productivity, especially in the context of global energy scarcity and rising operational costs. The agricultural sector in China, which heavily relies on consistent energy supplies, faces growing pressure to adopt more efficient fuel cycles to ensure long-term economic viability. This paper aims to assess the economic viability of prolonged fuel cycles within China's agricultural sector by utilizing a comprehensive econometric model that evaluates the impacts on productivity, cost efficiency, and environmental sustainability. The study specifically examines how extended fuel cycles influence agricultural output and the overall financial stability of farming operations. Results indicate that prolonged fuel cycles significantly reduce operational costs by improving energy utilization efficiency, increase agricultural productivity by up to 12%, and mitigate carbon emissions by approximately 15% due to more efficient fuel use. Furthermore, the analysis shows that regions with higher fuel dependency face greater economic benefits from transitioning to extended fuel cycles. Policy implications suggest that the government should prioritize investments in energy-efficient technologies and provide subsidies for the adoption of prolonged fuel cycles to ensure sustainable growth in the agricultural sector while mitigating environmental impacts.

Exploring the Impact of Innovation practices, Technologies on the Operational Efficiency of Commercial Banks in Nigeria

In the rapidly evolving financial landscape, innovation has become a critical driver of operational efficiency for commercial banks. This study explores the impact of technological and process innovations on the operational efficiency of commercial banks in Nigeria. It aims to understand how innovative practices and technologies influence cost reduction, service delivery, customer satisfaction, and overall financial performance. Using a straightforward random sampling technique and a descriptive survey design, the study selected 388 participants at random from the 97,026 commercial bank employees in Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State, who make up the entire population. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data analysis from financial reports of major Nigerian banks with qualitative insights from interviews with banking professionals. The findings indicate that the adoption of digital banking platforms, automated teller machines (ATMs), mobile banking applications, and advanced data analytics significantly enhance operational efficiency. These innovations reduce transaction costs, minimize human error, and improve service speed and reliability. Furthermore, process innovations such as streamlined loan processing and automated compliance checks contribute to more efficient banking operations. The study highlights the high cost of technology implementation, cybersecurity risks, and the need for continuous staff training as the challenges that may hinder innovation to strive. Despite these challenges, the positive impact of innovation on operational efficiency is evident, suggesting that continued investment in innovative technologies and practices is crucial for the competitive advantage and sustainability of commercial banks in Nigeria. The study further recommends that Nigerian commercial banks prioritize technology adoption and process improvements to enhance their operational capabilities and meet the dynamic needs of their customers.

Экономическая динамика и эколого-экономическая устойчивость арктических регионов России

This paper explores the environmental and economic resilience of the regions within the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF). We define a region's environmental and economic resilience as its capacity to withstand external shocks, independently restore the balance between its economy and environment, and transform while maintaining or improving the balance between its environmental and economic systems. The study's relevance stems from the rapid industrialization of the Russian Arctic in recent years and the constraints on investment in environmental technologies, green production, and management. The study discusses an analysis of macroeconomic, environmental, and economic indicators of the Russian Arctic regions, examining their interrelations during the pandemic crisis and under the pressure of Western sanctions. From 2018 to 2022, the anthropogenic impact on the environment in the Russian Arctic gradually declined, although the situation varied for individual indicators depending on trends in the regional sectors. Regions were identified that lead in environmental and economic resilience as well as those showing increased anthropogenic impact despite declining industrial production. A multidimensional classification of regions in the Russian Arctic was developed based on indicators characterizing the state of the environmental and economic spheres. Clusters of regions with high, low, and limited levels of environmental and economic resilience were identified. The study revealed that the macroeconomic situation in these regions is more dynamic than their environmental and economic conditions. Macroeconomic indicators in the Arctic regions demonstrate different trends during periods of external shocks. Overall, the Russian Arctic economy was sensitive to the 2020 crisis; the 2022 sanctions had a negative impact on economies focused on Western markets, and in 2023, macroeconomic dynamics slowed down across all regions of the Russian Arctic. Further research is necessary to understand the factors influencing the environmental and economic resilience of the Russian Arctic regions under current conditions.

Increasing the Manifestation of the Sustainable Development Principles in Logistics Organizations

The logistics sector is increasingly pressured to integrate sustainable development principles to align with their corporate goals. This paper reviews theoretical and practical frameworks of the logistics industry to examine how service providers in the sector can achieve a balanced economic, environmental, and social sustainability. Businesses are purposely created to maximize profits; however, increased awareness of corporate social responsibility and environmental sustainability has made them to look beyond that. Logistics service providers that adopt sustainable practices stand to benefit from long-term cost savings, improved brand reputation, and enhanced stakeholder relationships. Performed research leads us to point out that IoT, big data and blockchain are a some of the digital enablers that improve sustainability. Such advancements are necessary to minimize carbon emission, enhance the transparency of supply chain, and minimize negative effects on environment. At the same time, the literature analyzes emphasizes the fact that collaboration between various actors also contributes to the creation of incentives for achieving the goal of creating sustainable logistics systems. The literature points to stakeholder theory whose focus is on the issues of transparency, cooperation, and novelty in managing supply chains. The model gives a structure for achieving business objectives of generating returns without considering environmental and social factors. Obtained results also highlights those policies such as tax incentives given to companies that meet environmental standards weigh in greatly. Such measures have the potential to steer the logistics sector towards more sustainable operations with a corresponding competitiveness and economic growth. However, it is important to point out that more radical changes are required for reaching the desired state of sustainable development. Consequently, continuous investment in sustainable technologies, supportive government policies, and stakeholder collaboration are key to fostering a profitable logistics industry

Debate: Building a U.S. Regulatory Empire in the Chip War with China.

Regulating the circulation of technology is a powerful weapon to exercise global power. In August 2022, U.S. president Joe Biden moved to strangle China's high-end semiconductor industry by imposing a swath of export controls aimed at restricting the country's access to global semiconductor supply chains. While this chip war is usually framed as a bilateral conflict between Washington and Beijing, the success of the U.S. strategy depends on the active cooperation of allied firms and governments. This article fills a critical gap in the standard narrative. It describes how the U.S. government has constructed an empire by regulation, leveraging its global political and economic power to impose extraterritorial export controls on allied trade. By seeking to regulate the flow of technology, knowledge, people, and foreign investment into China, the U.S. risks alienating traditional allies and has triggered China to seek self-sufficiency in the production of advanced semiconductors for civilian and military applications.

Mobile Money Adoption in Uganda

Mobile money has gained a lot of acceptance in the Ugandan financial sector since its inception a decade ago. This is due to high mobile phone usage, especially in rural areas where branch banking is rare. The financial sector’s adoption of mobile money has enhanced financial inclusion by providing banking services to individuals previously excluded from the financial sector. Mobile money services offer a variety of financial transactions, including payment, saving, credit, and insurance, without the need to visit a banking hall. These are poverty reduction, job creation, GDP, and the development of a sound financial sector. However, despite the increased use and growth of mobile money in Uganda, it has presented the following challenges: Some of the problems undermining the future of this innovation include regulatory barriers, cybersecurity threats, compatibility questions, and consumer scepticism about digital financial services. Solving these challenges calls for cooperation between mobile money operators, regulators, policymakers, and other interested parties to foster innovation, competition, and consumer protection while enhancing the access and usage of financial services and products. This review examines mobile money adoption in Uganda. We used available data from many reputable databases, spanning the time period from 2010 to 2024. Findings suggest that in the future, mobile money in Uganda has bright prospects in terms of future trends, new uses, and improved connections with other electronic systems. New technologies like biometric identification, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and blockchain will enhance security, user experience, and other conditions that are necessary to fulfil user needs. Communication with mobile money providers, regulators, and stakeholders is a necessary step to fully benefit from these opportunities and manage the remaining challenges. Lastly, measures such as the promotion of consumer protection, availability of financial products and services, investment in technology, and constant public sensitization would go a long way towards tapping the full potential of mobile money in Uganda, as this fuels positive social and economic change in the country. Keywords: mobile money, Uganda, financial sector, cybersecurity, Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Impacts of industry 4.0 on supply chain management of logistics providers: A methodical review

The arrival of Industry 4.0 transformed and reshaped manufacturing, and the logistics industry is not excluded. As such, there is a need to explore the influence of this latest technological innovation on industries with a focus on logistics providers; this research examines the impact of Industry 4.0 on logistics providers' supply chain management. Using qualitative analysis of secondary sources, this research identifies the key relevance of Industry 4.0 technologies to logistics providers while assessing their adoption and exploring their impact on supply chain performance. Through the series of examination of secondary sources, it was revealed that Industry 4.0 components such as IoT enable real-time tracking, reducing lead times and improving customer service. AI, on the other hand, helps optimize routing and scheduling while also enhancing efficiency. Nevertheless, the industry 4.0 implementation into the logistics provider supply chain is not without challenges; the challenges evidenced through the research include data security, interoperability, and workforce skills. This study recommends investments in technology and skills, data security measures, collaborative organizational structures, agility, change management, and benchmarking to navigate the transformative landscape of Industry 4.0 in logistics supply chain management.

A ROAD MAP FOR THE TRANSITION TO A CARBON-FREE ECONOMY BASED ON THE ENERGY INNOVATIONS TRANSFER

This study aims to analyze existing scientific approaches to developing roadmaps in energy and innovation, identify key challenges hindering the transition to a carbon-neutral economy, and develop practical recommendations for Ukraine. Particular emphasis is placed on identifying and integrating legislative, economic, technological, and social aspects into energy innovation transfer to ensure an effective and sustainable transition. A literature review was conducted using key terms such as "roadmap," "energy," and "innovation," which allowed for the identification of the most relevant trends and approaches in this field.The article outlines the main challenges Ukraine faces in transitioning to a carbon-neutral economic model based on the transfer of energy innovations. These challenges include legislative barriers, insufficient economic incentives, technological difficulties, and social factors that slow down the implementation of innovations.Based on the identified problems and existing trends, a roadmap for Ukraine's transition to a carbon-neutral economy was developed, covering four key areas: legislative, economic, technological, and social. The sequence of steps and actions necessary to implement the transition scenario is detailed and presented visually.The article offers specific practical recommendations for Ukraine regarding the implementation of the roadmap, including necessary legislative changes, economic incentives, investments in technology, and measures to increase social awareness and support. Thus, this article makes an essential contribution to the scientific and practical discourse on the transition to a carbon-neutral economy, particularly in the context of Ukraine, and can serve as a foundation for further research and policy development in this area.

A model for assessing the economic impact of renewable energy adoption in traditional oil and gas companies

The adoption of renewable energy presents significant economic implications for traditional oil and gas companies. This paper proposes a model for assessing the economic impact of integrating renewable energy into traditional oil and gas operations, focusing on cost efficiency, revenue potential, and overall financial performance. The model evaluates key metrics, including capital investment, operational cost savings, revenue generation from renewable energy projects, and potential impacts on profitability and shareholder value. By incorporating various renewable technologies such as solar, wind, and geothermal, the model provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the financial benefits and challenges associated with transitioning to cleaner energy sources. The model incorporates both direct and indirect economic impacts, such as reduced energy costs, enhanced energy security, and improved corporate reputation. It also considers the effects of regulatory incentives, including tax credits and subsidies, which can influence the financial viability of renewable energy projects. Additionally, the model examines potential risks and uncertainties, such as market volatility and technological limitations, which can affect the economic outcomes of renewable energy investments. Case studies of traditional oil and gas companies that have successfully integrated renewable energy are analyzed to illustrate the practical application of the model. These case studies demonstrate how companies have achieved cost reductions, diversified revenue streams, and enhanced their long-term financial resilience through renewable energy adoption. The paper concludes that while the initial investment in renewable energy technologies can be substantial, the long-term economic benefits—including cost savings, revenue growth, and alignment with sustainability goals—can significantly outweigh the challenges. By adopting the proposed model, oil and gas companies can better assess the economic implications of renewable energy integration and make informed decisions to drive sustainable growth and profitability.

Setting new benchmarks for combating financial crimes and ensuring the safety and security of America's digital financial landscape

The increasing digitalization of financial services in the United States has introduced significant challenges in combating financial crimes, including fraud, money laundering, and cybercrimes. As digital transactions become more pervasive, so too do the opportunities for illicit activities that exploit the vulnerabilities of these systems. This research seeks to establish new benchmarks for combating financial crimes and ensuring the security of America's digital financial landscape. By leveraging advanced technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and blockchain, this study explores innovative approaches to enhancing fraud detection, improving transparency, and reducing the risk of money laundering. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining qualitative analysis of existing regulatory frameworks with quantitative case studies to assess the effectiveness of these technologies in real-world applications. The results indicate that AI and ML significantly enhance financial institutions' ability to detect fraudulent activities in real-time, reducing false positives and allowing for more efficient resource allocation. Furthermore, blockchain technology improved financial transactions' traceability, enhancing financial systems' transparency and accountability. The study concludes with recommendations for policy and practice, emphasizing the need for adaptive regulatory frameworks, increased investment in advanced technologies, and more vital collaboration between the public and private sectors. These findings suggest that a proactive approach, integrating technological innovation with strategic policy measures, is crucial for safeguarding America's financial infrastructure against emerging threats in the digital era.

A Study on Remanufacturing Supply Chain Decision-Making Considering Greenness Under Carbon Trading Policy

The aim of this paper is to study the impact of carbon trading system and product greenness on remanufacturing strategy, so a Stackelberg game model is constructed to consider a remanufacturing supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a third-party remanufacturer under carbon trading policy. Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the relationship between decision variables such as product greenness, price of new products and remanufactured products is analyzed. It is found that: the level of carbon emission reduction is conducive to increase the price of new products and remanufactured products; under certain conditions, a stronger green market demand is conducive to increase the greenness of the products and the profits and prices of the remanufacturing supply chain members; an increase in the investment in green technology will lead to a decrease in the manufacturer's profit and the greenness of the products, and even reduce the price of the products under certain conditions; and under certain conditions, the carbon trading price is effective in regulating the price of new products and the price of the products. Under certain conditions, the carbon trading price can effectively regulate the price of new products and remanufactured products, while the greenness of products will decrease with the increase of carbon trading price.

Renewable energy: A lever for a sustainable future in Africa

Drawing on documented evidence and an analysis of ongoing projects, this paper elucidates the benefits, challenges, and socio-economic impacts of renewable energy on rural communities in Africa. It further argues that, despite limitations in infrastructure and financing mechanisms, the growing influx of investments in digital technologies presents a pivotal opportunity for sustainable development across the continent. Moreover, the analysis compares how countries such as Senegal and Ethiopia have capitalized on their renewable energy potential through differing regulatory frameworks and financing models.