Appearance Satisfaction Research Articles

Correlations Among Appearance Satisfaction, Self-esteem, and Satisfaction with Learning Among College Student

This study aims to examine how appearance satisfaction, self-esteem, and learning satisfaction affect one another among college students. It also seeks to find ways to develop programs in communities and schools that can enhance all three aspects together, while collecting crucial data to support these initiatives. To achieve this, a survey was conducted with 160 college students from Daejeon and Chungcheongnam-do. Before starting the survey, the study’s purpose was explained, and it was administered only to those who consented to participate. The analysis of correlations among appearance satisfaction, self-esteem, and learning satisfaction revealed that factors related to appearance satisfaction—such as self-satisfaction, satisfaction with others’ perception, and satisfaction with mass media—are significantly positively associated with self-esteem factors, including personal, family, and social self-esteem. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was found between appearance satisfaction and learning satisfaction. Additionally, personal, family, and social self-esteem were all significantly positively correlated with learning satisfaction. These findings suggest a strong connection among appearance satisfaction, self-esteem, and learning satisfaction. It is anticipated that the study results will provide foundational data for developing programs aimed at enhancing these aspects among college students.

Isolating the effects of body size and sexualisation in social media images on body image-related constructs among young women

This study systematically separated the effects of body size and sexualisation in social media images on women’s body image. Young women (18–25 years, N = 194) viewed 10 social media images of either (1) sexualised women in larger bodies; (2) non-sexualised women in larger bodies; (3) sexualised women in smaller bodies; or (4) non-sexualised women in smaller bodies. Participants completed pre- and post-exposure measures of body image and related constructs. Thin ideal internalisation was examined as a moderator of those effects. The body size of the women in the images was more influential than how sexualized their bodies were presented. Regardless of sexualisation, viewing images of women with smaller bodies was negative for appearance satisfaction, negative mood, and body appreciation, and viewing women with larger bodies was positive for body appreciation and neutral for appearance satisfaction and mood. The impact of body size on appearance satisfaction was stronger for those high in thin ideal internalisation. Women with larger bodies were perceived more positively than those with smaller bodies. However, participants’ self-objectification increased in all conditions. Thus, while viewing images of women with larger bodies provides promise for improving social media, further research is needed before it is recommended broadly.

The Dermatologist's Role in Rehabilitation: A Novel Multidisciplinary Treatment Approach Combining Ablative Fractional Laser Resurfacing and Physical Therapy in Managing a Patient with Scar Contracture of the Neck

Objective: To employ a multidisciplinary approach combining ablative fractional laser resurfacing concurrently with physical therapy to improve functional and cosmetic deficits associated with traumatic scarring status-post parotid cancer treatment. Methods: A 65-year-old female presented to dermatology with scar contracture of the right neck secondary to multiple surgeries and 36 rounds of adjuvant radiation therapy for stage III adenoid cystic carcinoma of the parotid gland. Severe scar-related complications included impaired physical strength, limited range of motion of the neck, and activity intolerance. The patient also reported difficulty with swallowing and limited ability to open her mouth, resulting in a 30-pound weight loss. Ablative fractional laser resurfacing treatments and laser-assisted delivery of triamcinolone in combination and in parallel with physical therapy sessions were initiated. Results: By month five of combination treatment, the patient had objectively decreased scar fibrosis and swelling, decreased facial swelling composite scores, increased range of motion of the neck, and increased right shoulder strength. Subjectively, the patient expressed increased satisfaction in scar appearance, decreased pain, and increased tolerance to activities such as lifting and reaching. Conclusion: Ablative fractional laser resurfacing is a promising adjunct to established interventions for improving functional and cosmetic deficits and quality of life in patients with scar contractures due to its safety profile and efficacy.

A study on Makeup Status, Appearance Satisfaction, and Self-Esteem of Middle School Students in Kwangju Area

A study on Makeup Status, Appearance Satisfaction, and Self-Esteem of Middle School Students in Kwangju Area

중학생이 지각하는 부모의 양육 태도가 자살 위험성에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study is to verify the dual mediating effects of social support and satisfaction with appearance regarding the influence of middle school students’ perceived parental parenting attitude on the risk of suicide. The subjects of the study were 1,945 middle school students who participated in the 2021 survey on the mental health of teenagers conducted by the Korea Youth Policy Institute (National Youth Policy Institute: NYPI), and correlation analysis between related variables and dual mediation effects were verified using spss 27.0 and the Macro Process (model 6) of Hayes (2013) did. As a result of the analysis, it was found that social support and satisfaction with appearance had a significant dual mediating effect in the influence of middle school students’s perceived parental parenting attitude on suicide risk. These results suggest the importance of social support and appearance satisfaction in middle school students’ suicide risk and the possibility of intervention through activation and counseling of school social welfare.

Parent decisional regret regarding neonatal circumcision in an American outpatient pediatric urology clinic

Requests for circumcision revision are common in our American pediatric urology clinic. As parents are the surrogate decision maker for their child, there are several influences that can impact a parent's decision for or against circumcision. We sought to assess parents' regret regarding their child's circumcision status and to correlate regret to factors that might have affected the original decision. From March 2023 to January 2024, we surveyed parents who brought their male child to our office for any reason, independent of circumcision status. The questionnaire was two-fold: a validated Decisional Regret Scale (DRS) (0-100 where higher scores=higher regret) and our questions regarding their decision-making process and outcome. Regret scores served as a function of each of the independent decision making and outcome variables. Overall, decisional regret scores from both uncircumcised and circumcised parent groups were positively skewed with a median 0, mean 22, and ranged from 0 to 75. For those circumcised (n=91), the median regret score was 0 (IQR 0-25). For those uncircumcised (n=28), median regret score was 0 (IQR 0-24). Overall, 55% of both groups reported no regret (DRS=0), 24% had low-mild regret (DRS 5-25), and 21% yielded moderate-strong regret (DRS 30-100). Parents who felt they made an informed decision or were counseled by any physician had lower regret scores. Parents who presented for issues related to their child's uncircumcised or circumcised penis (DRS score 37.5 and 25 respectively) had higher regret scores. We found that a large portion of parents expressed no regret regarding their decision to have or not have their child circumcised (55%). There also was no difference in median regret scores between parent groups. However, a significant portion of parents did express moderate-strong regret (21%) and several influential factors were correlated with regret scores. These factors included informed decision making, physician counseling, appearance satisfaction, and problems related to their child's circumcised or uncircumcised penis. These factors are supported by other literature using the DRS and population studies. The limitations of our study included the limited recruitment of participants and potential time dependent bias of responses. One in five parents of both circumcised and uncircumcised boys expressed moderate to strong regret regarding their decision about neonatal circumcision in our pediatric urology clinic. Our data suggests that ensuring parents have sufficient counseling prior to a decision regarding neonatal circumcision is important.

The Influence Relationship between College Students’ Self-Esteem, Appearance Satisfaction, and Beauty Interest for Protection and Convergence

Purpose: In the contemporary world, where personal values and standards of living are on the rise, appearance is not only an important means of self-expression, but also plays a central role in the formation and expression of the self. By being satisfied with one's appearance, one can fulfill the outer and inner beauty of the body, thereby increasing self-esteem and maintaining good interpersonal relationships and positive social behavior in social life. With the increasing importance of appearance in modern society, interest in beauty is also increasing. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between self-esteem, appearance satisfaction, and beauty interest among college students. Method: Questionnaires were distributed offline to college students at four-year universities in Gyeon ggi-do for about one month from September to October 2023 and analyzed using the SPSS V.27.0 sta tistical package program to investigate the relationship between self-esteem, appearance satisfaction, and beauty interest. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to examine the relationship betwe en self-esteem, appearance satisfaction and beauty interest. Results: First, the results of the analysis of the effect of self-esteem on appearance satisfaction sho wed that self-esteem had a significant effect on two sub-dimensions of appearance satisfaction: appea rance confidence and appearance anxiety. Second, the effect of self-esteem on beauty interest was an alyzed, and it was found that positive self-esteem and negative self-esteem had a significant effect o n the sub-factor of beauty interest, fashion interest. Third, the results of the analysis of the effect of appearance satisfaction on beauty interest showed that self-control interest and others' fashion interes t are influenced by appearance satisfaction and have a defining effect on appearance self -confidence and appearance anxiety. Conclusion: The expansion of the beauty industry has given rise to the emergence of numerous beauty-related fields, which has resulted in a surge in various forms of consumption. It is our contention that multidisciplinary research should be conducted on various generations of consumers in the beauty industry, and we anticipate contributing to further research on beauty interest.

Force Balance Reconstruction of the Orbicularis Oris in Secondary Unilateral Cleft Lip Deformity.

Secondary unilateral cleft lip deformities are commonly observed in patients with cleft lip and traditional surgical methods can't completely tackle this problem. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of a novel surgical technique using force balance reconstruction of the orbicularis oris. 53 patients with secondary unilateral cleft lip deformity were included in this study, in which the orbicularis oris muscle was reconstructed symmetrically to achieve optimal force balance. Photometric 2d indexes were employed to evaluate the outcome of 27 patients, and 3d indexes for the remaining 26 patients. Aesthetic evaluation and parent-patient satisfaction surveys were also recorded. Significant differences were found in the following: (1) LH (the lip height), LW (the lip width), D1(the vertical distance from the white roll to the vermilion bottom at the christa philtra points) and D2(the vertical distance from the christa philtra points to the facial midline) when comparing preoperative and postoperative 2D images; (2) LH, LW, D1 and D2 when comparing preoperative and follow-up 2D images; (3) RMS (root mean of square) when comparing preoperative and postoperative 3D images. Aesthetic evaluation in the follow-up period was a mean of 4.29, while parent-patient satisfaction of the overall appearance was a mean of 4.41. The results suggest this new muscle reconstruction technique can significantly improve the surgical outcome of secondary unilateral cleft lip deformities. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 ."

Makeup as a postfeminist masquerade: understanding the impact of beauty tutorial engagement on young Chinese women’s appearance satisfaction

ABSTRACT Beauty tutorials, one of the most popular media genres among young Chinese women, promote makeup as a self-beautifying ‘masquerade’ for women to cope with societal lookism. This genre celebrates postfeminist self-empowerment by providing young women with role models (i.e. beauty influencers) who successfully transform themselves with makeup. Drawing upon the theoretical frameworks of social media engagement, social comparison, and postfeminism, this study investigates the psychological mechanism through which active beauty tutorial engagement influences young Chinese women’s appearance satisfaction. Results of an online cross-sectional survey (N = 473) indicated that (a) cognitive-affective, behavioural, and relational engagement with beauty tutorials positively predicted women’s appearance satisfaction. (b) Perceived similarity to beauty influencers mediated the relationship between beauty tutorial engagement and appearance satisfaction. (c) The moderating effect was more pronounced in predicting appearance satisfaction against perceived similarity when female audiences held stronger postfeminist beliefs. This study contributes to our understanding of the impact of active social media engagement on female well-being and broadens the applicability of postfeminism by quantitatively validating it in the understudied Chinese context.

Tripartite Influence Model

The effects of media on body image have been heavily investigated through the years. Recent research has shifted its focus to social media content and other behaviors on social media that can affect body and appearance satisfaction. This study aimed to test the contribution of media pressure to appearance satisfaction according to the prepositions of the Tripartite Influence Model on a sample of young Croatian women. A sample of 308 college students (average age 21.6) completed the BE-Appearance subscale of the Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (Mendelson et al., 2001), Physical Appearance Comparison Scale (Thompson et al., 1991), and Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (Schafer et al., 2015). Path analysis showed that media pressure positively contributes to both appearance comparison with people on Instagram and beauty ideals internalization and negatively contributes to appearance satisfaction in young women. Results also indicate a significant negative indirect contribution of media pressure to appearance satisfaction through appearance comparison and beauty ideals internalization. Findings suggest a strong relationship between media pressure and appearance satisfaction and are discussed in the context of further investigation of media content that could be harmful to appearance satisfaction in young women.

Differences in body image, dieting behavior, and self-esteem regarding the weight-loss experience of the Republic of Korean workers

ABSTRACT This study investigated influencing factors in the relationship between body image, diet behavior, and self-esteem, according to the weight-loss experiences of workers in the Republic of Korea. A self-report survey assessed the demographic information, diet methods, diet behavior, body image, and self-esteem of workers residing in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do (male n = 211; female n = 175) who had dieting experience. Factors such as sex, body mass index (BMI), diet goals, and intrinsic motivation were found to influence diet behavior, body image, and self-esteem. Males more frequently reported healthy weight control, physical satisfaction, and self-esteem, suggesting that sex contributes at least partially to eating habits, body image, and self-esteem. Furthermore, significant differences were observed in healthy weight control and physical satisfaction among overweight workers, suggesting that overweight status alone does not necessarily increase body image risk, and efforts toward weight management should be acknowledged positively. Positive body image, healthy diet behavior, and high self-esteem were associated with weight maintenance efforts, indicating its potential to prevent unhealthy dieting, increase physical and appearance satisfaction, and boost overall self-esteem. Furthermore, when dieting to improve self-confidence, significant differences were noted in physical evaluation, appearance orientation, and self-esteem, underscoring the role of intrinsic motivation in self-esteem enhancement through dieting.

Wigs and Alopecia Areata: Psychosocial Impact and Economic Considerations

Alopecia areata (AA) presents a challenging and unpredictable condition associated with substantial psychosocial and financial burdens. A chronic, relapsing form of non-scarring hair loss, it affects approximately 0.1–0.2% of the population worldwide with a lifetime risk of 1.0% to 2.1%. The psychosocial implications of AA, including its association with depression, anxiety, social phobia, employment disruption, and relationship challenges are well described. Significant economic costs of AA include those of healthcare, lost income, transportation, psychotherapy, and cosmetic accessories (wigs and hairpieces). However, wigs and hairpieces can contribute to enhanced self-esteem, confidence, and overall quality of life (QOL) in AA patients; these positive outcomes correlating with satisfaction in appearance. This article explores the role of wigs in addressing the aesthetic and emotional impact of AA, emphasizing their importance as potential coping mechanisms for individuals facing hair loss whilst also acknowledging possible barriers to their use. Different types of wigs and hairpieces, their respective advantages and disadvantages, and methods of attachment are thoroughly discussed, providing a comprehensive overview for both patients and healthcare professionals. Considering the economic impact of AA, this article explores the cost of wigs in Australia and available financial assistance programs. Wigs can play a pivotal role in rapidly addressing the multifaceted challenges posed by AA, offering time for psychosocial adaptation and delayed response to medical therapies. This review aims to provide valuable insights to inform evidence-based, practical, and personalized counselling of patients with AA and enable shared decision making about the utility of wigs and other cosmetic interventions for hair loss. Further research is warranted to explore differences in the optimal utilization of wigs between diverse sub-populations with AA.

Assessing Appearance, Speech, and Hearing (dis)Satisfaction in Individuals with Cleft Lip and/or Palate: A Contribution to General Population Norms.

Individuals with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) may grow up with a visible facial difference, alongside speech and/or hearing challenges. Self-perceptions are stronger predictors of psychosocial adjustment than objective assessments, highlighting the importance of patient-reported outcome measures. Previously titled the Satisfaction with Appearance (SwA) questionnaire, the Cleft Hearing, Appearance and Speech Questionnaire (CHASQ) has been used in several countries to assess patient satisfaction, guide clinical decision-making, and conduct craniofacial research, but has lacked general population norms from which to draw comparisons. The aim of this study was to contribute to the development of norms by utilising existing data collected in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2004 using the original SwA. SwA data collected from school pupils (n = 761) aged 10-16 years were analysed across age and gender. Hair, Eyes and Ears received the highest ratings, while Teeth received the lowest ratings. Those who were younger, and those who were male, generally rated their appearance more favourably. Thresholds are proposed to identify young people in need of clinical monitoring (10%) and intervention (5%). This study supports the potential of the CHASQ as a clinically useful outcome measure and research tool with the ability to identify appearance concerns in relation to specific facial features, as well as overall appearance satisfaction in young people with and without CL/P. Further validation of its use in the CL/P population and other patient groups, as well as countries outside the UK would add additional weight to the CHASQ's utility.

The effect of self-focused attention during mirror gazing on body image evaluations, appearance-related imagery, and urges to mirror gaze

Background and objectivesMirror gazing has been linked to poor body image. Cognitive-behavioral models propose that mirror gazing induces self-focused attention. This activates appearance-related imagery, increases body dissatisfaction, and promotes further mirror gazing. However, evidence for these relationships remains scarce. Our study experimentally investigated how self-focused attention impacts overall and facial appearance satisfaction, perceived attractiveness, distress about appearance and disliked features, vividness and emotional quality of appearance-related imagery, and urges to mirror gaze. Baseline body dysmorphic concerns were studied as a moderator. MethodsSingaporean undergraduates (Mage = 21.22, SDage = 1.62; 35 females, 28 males) were randomly assigned to high or low self-focused attention during a mirror gazing task. Dependent variables were measured with visual analogue scales, and body dysmorphic concerns with the Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire (BIDQ). Analysis of variance and moderation analyses were conducted. ResultsSelf-focused attention lowered overall and facial appearance satisfaction. Perceived attractiveness decreased only in individuals with high baseline body dysmorphic concerns. Contrary to predictions, distress, appearance-related imagery, and urges to mirror gaze were unaffected. LimitationsThis study used a non-clinical sample. The BIDQ has not been psychometrically validated in Singaporean samples. ConclusionsSelf-focused attention during mirror gazing lowers positive body image evaluations. Individuals with higher body dysmorphic concerns are particularly vulnerable to low perceived attractiveness.

Association between dental appearance satisfaction and sociodemographic characteristics in Samarinda city, Indonesia

Background: Confidence in the appearance of teeth affects a person's physical and psychological health. The appearance of teeth is influenced by factors such as age, gender, educational level and economic status. The aim of this study was to find out the relationship between dental satisfaction and sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: A cross-sectional study has been conducted on 384 people aged 17 to 45 years in Samarinda City, Indonesia. The research instrument is a questionnaire on age, gender, educational level, family income, and six satisfaction questions about tooth appearance. Data analyzed descriptively and tested chi-square. Results: A total of 222 respondents (57.8%) felt dissatisfied with the appearance of their teeth. Respondents with a younger age tend to be 1.262 times more dissatisfied compared to older ones. There was a significant relationship between age and satisfaction with the appearance of the teeth (p=0.017). No significant relationship was found between teeth appearance satisfaction with gender, educational level and economic status. Respondents who did not want to do orthodontic care tended to be 1.920 times more satisfied than those who wanted to do ortodontic treatment. The most desirable treatments respondents wanted to improve dental aesthetics were bleaching (57.6%) and orthodontist treatment (43.2%). Conclusions: There is a significant correlation between teeth appearance satisfaction and age factor in the Samarinda Indonesian population who are 17 to 45 years old; there is a meaningful relationship between desire for orthodontic care and teeth satisfaction.

A randomized controlled trial investigating two protective filtering strategies to mitigate the effects of beauty-ideal media imagery on women's body image

Recent research has shown that women with a positive body image engage in a process called protective filtering—whereby they ‘filter in’ information that can promote and protect their positive body image, and ‘filter out’ information that could be harmful. In this study, we investigated two protective filtering strategies and whether they could mitigate the effects of beauty-ideal media imagery (one particularly pervasive body-image ‘threat’) on women's body image. To do so, we randomized 150 women (Mage = 22.05) to complete an exercise familiarizing them with one of two protective filtering strategies (i.e., functionality appreciation or personality and values) or with a control topic. Afterward, the participants were exposed to a series of beauty-ideal media images and were prompted to continue to engage in their assigned strategies. Controlling for pretest levels of the respective variables, the repeated measures ANCOVAs showed that the two protective filtering groups reported a more positive body image (i.e., higher body appreciation, functionality appreciation, and appearance satisfaction), both after the familiarization exercise and after the beauty-ideal media exposure, compared to the control group. However, participants across all three groups reported lower positive body image from before to after the beauty-ideal media exposure. The findings for self-objectification were mixed, with all three groups reporting higher self-objectification after beauty-ideal media exposure, but with the functionality appreciation group reporting lower self-objectification compared to the other two groups. Overall, the findings suggest that the protective filtering strategies can confer some benefits to women's body image, but are not foolproof.

Changes in patient-reported satisfaction and quality-of-life 6 months after rhinoplasty

Rhinoplasty is a challenging and demanding procedure in plastic surgery. Surgical success, patient satisfaction, and improved quality-of-life are important outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate patient-reported satisfaction with appearance, treatment, and decision outcomes as well as quality-of-life after rhinoplasty using validated questionnaires. The role of patient demographics on outcomes was also studied. Patients who underwent a primary rhinoplasty were selected for this cohort study. Patient-reported satisfaction with appearance, treatment, and decision as well as quality-of-life were evaluated with the Utrecht Questionnaire and FACE-Q at intake and 6months postoperatively. Overall, 380 patients were included. Patients reported a more positive subjective perception of nasal appearance (VAS score) at 6months post-surgery compared with preoperative scores (7.9±1.6 vs 3.2±1.4, p<0.05). Furthermore, higher quality-of-life and body image scores were observed at 6months postoperatively compared with preoperative scores (7.7±3.5 vs 15.2±4.4, p<0.05). Patients reported high satisfaction with treatment outcome (70.3±23.4) as well as with their decision to undergo surgery (75.9±23.4) on a scale of 0-100 at 6months postoperatively. Patients reached similar postoperative scores regardless of their intake scores. Patients ≥30years and patients with a history of cosmetic surgery were less satisfied postoperatively. Despite differences in appearance satisfaction at intake, most patients showed greater satisfaction with appearance, treatment, and decision outcomes as well as quality-of-life 6months postoperatively. However, older age and a history of cosmetic surgery influenced these outcomes negatively. These factors should be considered during preoperative management of outcome expectations.

Modified Internal Pudendal Artery Perforator Flap Interposition for Rectovaginal Fistula.

Rectovaginal fistula (RVF) is a challenging condition associated with recurrences and significant functional impairment. The internal pudendal artery perforator (IPAP) flap has become a viable option for reconstructing the vagina and perineal regions. This study aims to introduce a modified technique of IPAP flap interposition and evaluate its postoperative outcomes in the treatment of low RVF. Sixteen patients with RVF who underwent modified IPAP flap interposition between 2016 and 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. Recurrence rate, the satisfaction of vulvar appearance (Visual Analog Scale), and quality of sexual life (Female Sexual Function Index score) were followed up and analyzed. All patients presented with low fistula with a mean diameter of 8.3 mm. The mean width and length of the IPAP flaps were 3.8 and 6.2 cm, respectively. The mean follow-up period was 14.1 months. All patients achieved successful healing without recurrence. High satisfaction was reported for the cosmetic effect of the vulva with a mean Visual Analog Scale score of 8.4. The proportion of female sexual disorder exhibited a statistically significant reduction, decreasing from 100% preoperatively to 38% after surgery ( P < 0.05). The modified IPAP flap interposition is a reliable and safe option for repairing low RVF, with high success rates and minimal donor site morbidity. Moreover, this procedure provides a suitable volume flap and preserves the vaginal physiological environment, which benefits postoperative sexual function.

Trapdoor Deformity Correction Post Nasal Bilobed Flaps for Basal Cell Carcinoma Reconstruction With Multiple Laser Modalities.

In case of excision of nasal basal cell carcinoma (BCC), bilobed flaps are considered the criterion standard of reconstruction for defect less than 15 mm in size. However, there is still a risk of trapdoor deformity formation, of which its treatment is less discussed. A 44-year-old woman who was diagnosed with nasal BCC and underwent tumor excision with bilobed flap reconstruction presented with trapdoor deformity postoperatively. The computed Vancouver Scar Scale was 7. After early intervention of multiple laser modalities, including 2 sessions of 585-nm pulsed dye laser with a fluence of 9 J/cm2, pulse duration of 6 milliseconds, and spot size of 6 mm, 2940-nm Er-yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) laser with a pulse energy of 800-900 mJ, repetition rate of 8-9 Hz, and laser spot size of 3-7 mm, and 5 sessions of 1064-nm Nd:YAG fractional picosecond laser with a pulse energy of 2.30-2.70 mJ, repetition rate of 8 Hz, and laser spot size of 6 mm from 5 to 23 weeks postoperatively, the Vancouver Scar Scale score improved to 1, with significant reduction of trapdoor scar erythema and puffiness. Although BCC is often curable, tumor excision causes unsatisfactory appearance satisfaction problem, owing to the apparent location of the lesion. Factors, such as sebaceous tissue thickness, reconstruction over multiple aesthetic subunits of nose, and damage to nasal cartilage framework structure during tumor removal, may increase the risk of trapdoor formation. Early intervention with multiple laser treatment can significantly revise the deformity.

항공서비스 전공 대학생들의 외모만족이 자아존중감과 취업준비행동에 미치는 영향

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of appearance satisfaction on job preparation behavior through mediating effect of self-esteem.&#x0D; Method: This study is an empirical research targeting 285 airline service major students at four colleges. Data were analyed with SPSS 23.0. program. Regression and mediating effect test were used to verify the relationships among variables.&#x0D; Results: Appearance satisfaction had positive effects on self-esteem and employment preparation behavior. Self-esteem also had a positive effect on employment preparation behavior. Self-esteem showed a partial mediating effect in the relationship between appearance satisfaction and employment preparation behavior.&#x0D; Conclusion: Employment preparation behavior increases more when self-esteem mediates appearance satisfaction and employment preparation behavior than when appearance satisfaction directly affects employment preparation behavior.&#x0D; Interdisciplinary Research Implications: Special programs to improve self-esteem should be developed and operated for airline service major students, especially those with low self-esteem and negative perceptions of their appearance. Self-esteem is an important factor that can strengthen employment preparation behavior, and mediated the relationship between appearance satisfaction and employment preparation behavior.