Appearance Satisfaction Research Articles

Social media use and adolescents’ self-esteem and appearance satisfaction: The moderating role of school motivation

Background: This large-scale investigation speaks to the growing concern associated with the use of social media on the psychological wellbeing of adolescents. The study explored time spent using social networking sites as a predictor of teenagers’ self-esteem and appearance satisfaction and the protective role that motivation in school might play. Method: The sample comprised 10,546 adolescents at age 11 and 14 years, from the UK’s Millennium Cohort Study. Multiple linear regression determined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between use of social media and self-esteem and appearance satisfaction. Time spent using social networking sites significantly predicted teenagers’ self-esteem and appearance satisfaction levels. Results: A significant interaction emerged with school motivation and social networking in relation to appearance satisfaction, suggesting that school motivation may help to buffer the negative effects of online social networking. Conclusion: In response to the ongoing concerns around the increase in adolescents who struggle with difficulties relating to their mental health, the finger of blame is frequently pointed to screen-based methods of social communication. It is anticipated that present findings will prompt the development of new interventions that target time spent using online social networking sites, particularly among teenage girls, during this new era of COVID-19-induced social isolation.

Effects of Aerobic-Anaerobic Exercise on Social Avoidance, Positive and Negative Affects, and Self-Consciousness of Obese Women.

We aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic-anaerobic exercise on social avoidance, positive and negative emotions, and self-awareness in obese women as well as provide some basis for guiding them to increase their physical exercise and promote physical and mental health. Sixty obese women (body mass index≥23 kg/m2) who volunteered to participate in the experiment were selected in Tianjin, China in 2022, and divided into control group and observation group with 30 people in each group. The control group received normal physical training, whereas the observation group received a uniform diet and an aerobic-anaerobic exercise intervention based on normal physical training that lasted for 12 weeks. The changes in the two groups before and after the intervention were compared. After intervention, the body fat rate and fat weight of obese women in the observation group were significantly decreased, the lean body weight and muscle weight were significantly increased, and the improvement of body composition index was better than those in the control group was (P<0.05). The obese women in the observation group showed lower scores in negative affect and higher scores in positive affect (P<0.05). The obese women in the observation group showed higher scores in comfort, health assessment, satisfaction of body parts, overweight, gregariousness, anxiety, physical appearance and properties, intelligence, school situation, and behavior, while the observation group received lower scores in social avoidance and social distress. Aerobic-anaerobic exercise has a better role in strengthening the physical exercise and physical and mental development of obese women.

Symptom association between social anxiety disorder, appearance anxiety, and eating disorders among Chinese University students: A network analysis to conceptualize comorbidity.

Incidences of social anxiety disorder (SAD), appearance anxiety, and eating disorders (ED) show an increased prevalence among young people. However, symptoms' associations between these disorders have not been investigated in depth. Network analysis is an approach that can be used to explain the relationship(s) between symptoms of different psychological disorders. Using network analysis, this study aimed to explore the association and potential interacting mechanisms between SAD, appearance anxiety, and ED. This study included 96,218 University students from Jilin Province, China. SAD, appearance anxiety and ED were assessed using the Social Anxiety Subscale of the Self-Consciousness Scale (SASS), the Appearance Anxiety Scale Brief Version (AASBV), and the Sick, Control, One, Fat, Food questionnaire (SCOFF), Chinese versions. Network analysis was employed to investigate the symptom associations, while the stability of the network model was analyzed using statistical measures. The prevalence of ED among the total sample was 38% (95% CI: 38.1-38.8%), while this figure was 31.2% (95% CI: 30.7-31.6%) in males and 43.6% (95% CI: 43.2-44.0%) in females. Additionally, the total score of SAD was significantly higher in females (11.83 ± 5.37) than it in males (10.02 ± 5.46) (P < 0.001). While the total score of appearance anxiety was also different significantly in gender (39.21 ± 9.49 in females vs. 38 ± 9.42 in males) (P < 0.001). Results showed that ED was associated with all three aspects of appearance anxiety, including "appearance concern," "appearance satisfaction," and "wish for good looks." Appearance anxiety and SAD were also associated; specifically, symptoms of "appearance satisfaction" were significantly associated with the symptoms "easily talk to strangers" and "appearance concern", which was also significantly associated with "embarrassed". Compared with males, females showed significantly stronger associations with appearance anxiety symptoms, while ED symptoms were associated with "troubled by being watched" and "appearance concern". Appearance anxiety was associated with both ED and SAD symptoms. ED may have a potential relationship with SAD, affecting appearance anxiety indirectly. Significant differences were found among males and females in symptom associations between appearance anxiety and SAD. This study therefore clarified that young people should have body-positive interventions and challenge the normative body image discourse, which may help alleviate symptoms of SAD and ED.

Personality and willingness towards performance enhancement and body modification: A cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of Norwegians.

We conducted an exploratory investigation of the relationship between personality and willingness towards performance enhancement and body modification in Norway. The study is based on Norwegian Monitor data from a cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of 4,233 (females: 49.9%) persons aged 15 to 96 (45.92 ± 18.02) years. Data were collected using a questionnaire containing demographic questions and measures of physical appearance satisfaction, physical activity level, personality (five-factor model), and willingness towards performance enhancement (e.g., substances that improve creative thinking) and body modification (e.g., use of muscle-building substances). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analyses. We found that 62.2% and 50.1% of our sample were either willing to use or contemplating using substances that reduce memory failure and enhance physical fitness respectively. Our sample was most willing or contemplating tattooing (30.0%) and generally skeptical of the other body modification methods with willingness to use or contemplating using substances to enhance muscularity least accepted (3.9%). Higher fantasy/openness and lower agreeableness were associated with higher willingness towards both performance enhancement and body modification. Additionally, higher extraversion and lower control/conscientiousness predicted higher willingness towards body modification. Our findings corroborate previous indications that performance enhancement and body modification are now mainstream. They also underline the importance of personality traits in willingness towards these practices.

The Impact of Perceived Upper Extremity Severity and Prior Surgery on Patient-Reported Outcomes.

Background: The recently validated Hand Questionnaire (HAND-Q) is a multifaceted patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) for hand/upper extremity (UE) pathology and treatment. Here, we conduct a pilot study utilising data collected as a participating site for the Phase II HAND-Q Pilot Multicenter International Validation Study. We hypothesised that self-reported hand functionality, symptom/disease severity, hand appearance, emotional dissatisfaction and treatment satisfaction would be worse in patients who perceived their disease severity to be more severe but would not differ between patients based on prior surgical history. Methods: Patients were prospectively enrolled for HAND-Q participation from September 2018 to August 2019. Patients were included in this analysis if they responded to the following scales of HAND-Q: Hand Functionality Satisfaction, Symptom Severity, Hand Appearance Satisfaction, Emotional Dissatisfaction and Treatment Satisfaction. Composite scores (CS) were created for each section. Surgical versus non-surgical CS and mild versus moderate/severe CS were compared with t-tests. Bi-variate comparisons of responses were performed between surgical and non-surgical groups, and between mild and moderate/severe groups. Results: HAND-Q individual question analysis revealed significant differences in functionality and symptom severity for patients with prior surgery (p < 0.047). CS analysis confirmed greater overall impairment in surgical patients, but no overall impact on symptom severity. Regarding disease severity HAND-Q individual question analysis, moderate/severe patients reported worse outcomes for specific aesthetic qualities and symptoms for almost all items (p < 0.05). CS analysis revealed significantly worse overall hand appearance satisfaction, hand functionality, emotional satisfaction and symptom severity for patients with moderate/severe hand conditions. Conclusions: HAND-Q revealed worsened outcomes for UE patients with self-reported moderate/severe conditions or previous surgical history. Understanding how previous surgery and disease severity may impact clinical outcomes is important for crafting appropriate treatment. Level of Evidence: Level II (Prognostic Study).

간호대학생의 외모만족도와 취업불안, 외모만족도와 진로준비행동과의 관계에서 자아존중감의 매개효과

Objectives The purpose of this study is to identify the mediating effect of the self-esteem between appearance satisfaction and job-seeking anxiety, and between appearance satisfaction and career preparation among nursing students.&#x0D; Methods A cross-sectional study was performed to 255 senior nursing students with off-line survey. The data were analyzed by frequency, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, multiple regression on analysis using SPSS 23.0 software. To analyze the mediating effect, a 3-step regression by Baron and Kenny (1896) was conducted. Sobel test was conducted to verify the significance of the mediating effect for self-esteem.&#x0D; Results This study showed that self-esteem was significantly correlated with appearance satisfaction(r=.60, p&lt;.001), the job-seeking anxiety(r=-.32, p&lt;.001), and career preparation behavior(r=.23, p&lt;.001). The self-esteem had significant partial mediating effect between appearance satisfaction and job-seeking anxiety(z=-3.09, p=.002). And the self-esteem had significantly full mediating effect between appearance satisfaction and career preparation behavior(z=-2.84, p=.005).&#x0D; Conclusions Therefore, it is important to improve the self-esteem of nursing students, in order to reduce job-seeking anxiety and to increase career preparation behavior in relation to appearance satisfaction. Furthermore, various intervention strategies are needed to improve the self-esteem of nursing students with negative perceptions of their appearance, or low self-esteem.

Global and appearance-contingent self-esteem: Associations with health and attractiveness exercise reasons

Whilst some individuals exercise for health-related reasons, others appear to exercise to bolster physical attractiveness. For the latter, this is often attributed to dissatisfaction with appearance. Few studies, however, have explored if differences in self-esteem may relate to diverse exercise reasons. The present study investigated whether global self-esteem, appearance-contingent self-worth, and appearance satisfaction may be differentially associated with health and attractiveness exercise reasons. It was further sought to explore whether these relations coincided with different motivational regulations. Adults from the east midlands of the United Kingdom (N = 209; 75% female, 25% male; mean age = 29.77 years) completed measures relating to their global and appearance-contingent self-esteem, appearance satisfaction, exercise intentions, and motivations. Structural equation modelling revealed that global self-esteem was positively associated with appearance satisfaction and health reasons for exercise, whereas appearance-contingent self-esteem related to lower appearance satisfaction and attractiveness reasons. Appearance satisfaction had no association with either exercise reason but was associated with intrinsic motivation and lower controlled exercise motivations. Health exercise reasons were positively associated with intrinsic, identified, and introjected motivation, whereas attractiveness reasons were exclusively related to external motivation. The findings highlight the conceptual importance of differentiating the level and contingency of exercisers’ self-esteem. The findings may also have substantive value for exercise practitioners in understanding different reasons for exercise.

Validation of a Greek adaptation of the Anti-Fat Attitudes Questionnaire.

The Anti-Fat Attitudes Questionnaire (AFA) measures prejudicial attitudes that are held about individuals with overweight BMI or obesity. Despite increased interest in research on anti-fat attitudes worldwide, the psychometric properties of the AFA have rarely been examined in non-English speaking populations. The present study aimed to address this gap in the literature by translating and validating the AFA in the Greek language. An online, community-based sample of 642 individuals (364 women) responded to the Greek translation of the AFA and measures of appearance satisfaction and appreciation, disordered eating, self-esteem and depression. Results indicated that the original three-factor solution of the AFA was maintained in both the Principal and Confirmatory Factor Analyses. Additionally, internal consistency, test-retest reliability and convergent validity all showed adequate results. These findings provide support for the use of the AFA in Greek-speaking populations. The availability of the Greek AFA adds to the toolbox of body image scholars working in the Greek context.

간호대학생의 외모 만족도와 우울 관계에서 자아존중감 및 스트레스의 매개효과

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between appearance satisfaction, depression, self-esteem, and stress of nursing college students, and to verify the mediating effect of self-esteem and stress in the relationship between appearance satisfaction and depression. Methods The purposes of this study were to a survey of 179 first- to fourth-grade students enrolled in the nursing department of one university in G City. Data analysis analyzed the mediating effect using the subjects' general characteristics, appearance satisfaction, depression, self-esteem, and stress, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and SPSS PROCESS macro model 6. Results As a result of the study, in the correlation between appearance satisfaction, depression, self-esteem, and stress of nursing college students, appearance satisfaction and depression and stress showed an inverse correlation, and self-esteem showed a net correlation with appearance satisfaction. As a result of analyzing the mediating effect of self-esteem and stress in the relationship between appearance satisfaction and depression of nursing college students, stress showed a complete mediating effect, but self-esteem had no mediating effect. As a result of verifying the double mediating effect of self-esteem and stress in the relationship between appearance satisfaction and depression, it was found that self-esteem and stress had no double mediating effect in the relationship between appearance satisfaction and depression. Conclusions In order to reduce the depression perceived by nursing students, it is necessary to find an intervention method through various programs that can reduce the depression of nursing students psychologically and content to have a positive physical image of their appearance.

Effects of Essential Oils on Scars and Wound Healing: A Systematic Review.

Essential oils (EOs) have been considered as a potential alternative therapy for wound healing and scar reduction. The aim of this article was to provide a comprehensive review examining the effects of EOs on wound healing and scars. PubMed, Cochrane, Ovid, and Embase computerized searches were performed through June 2020. Two independent reviewers conducted data extraction, with search results reviewed by the senior author following the PRISMA protocol. Three manuscripts examining three different EO-containing topical agents were analyzed. Outcomes include healing rate, erythema, pain, pruritus, patient discomfort, physician satisfaction, percent wound reduction, wound/scar surface perimeter area, and qualitative dermatological evaluation. All articles concluded that the EO-containing topical agents resulted in either superior or noninferior outcomes in comparison with controls. Hypericum-Calendula oil obtained lower wound surface perimeter area. Erythema (p = 0.001) was significantly decreased by the peppermint EO-containing topical agent. Physicians also reported greater satisfaction (p < 0.001) in wound appearance with use of the peppermint EO-containing topical agent. A paucity of studies have examined EO use for wound healing and scar reduction. Treatment with EO-containing topical agents resulted in decreased erythema with increased physician satisfaction of wound appearance. Future studies should assess what level of purity is needed for improved results and which EO, or combination of EOs, is most beneficial.

Endometriosis and body image: Comparing people with and without endometriosis and exploring the relationship with pelvic pain

Qualitative studies have shown that people with endometriosis report feeling discontent with their bodies relating to the visual and functional effects of the disease. However, few studies exist which compare people with endometriosis to those without, leaving it largely unknown as to whether this discontentment differs from that regularly experienced by women. The current study therefore aimed to 1) quantitatively assess body image, namely appearance satisfaction and functionality appreciation, in people with and without endometriosis, and 2) explore the relationship between endometriosis-related pelvic pain and body image. Australians aged 18 and over were recruited for two groups: those with endometriosis (n = 312, 99 % female, Mage = 30.78, SDage = 7.40) and a control group without suspected or diagnosed endometriosis (n = 74, 100 % female, Mage = 32.38, SDage = 8.84). Participants completed an online survey consisting of measures of appearance satisfaction, functionality appreciation, and pelvic-pain impact. The endometriosis group demonstrated significantly poorer body image when compared to the control group, and endometriosis-related pelvic pain was shown to negatively correlate with body image. These findings demonstrate the likely negative effects endometriosis and pelvic pain have on body image and provide much needed insight to help develop interventions tailored to endometriosis.

Genital appearance dissatisfaction in well women and their intention of genital cosmetic surgery

The number of female genital cosmetic procedures has raised in the last decades, mainly because of genital appearance dissatisfaction. The aims of the study were to evaluate genital appearance satisfaction as well as the prevalence consideration of genital cosmetic surgery in women attending gynecological consults. Prospective observational study conducted in 202 women aged over 16 years old attending gynaecological consults for issues non-related to genital appearance in Hospital 12 de Octubre in Spain. Those with prior genital surgery, female genital mutilation, vulvar or pelvic floor disorders, pregnancy in course, hormonal replacement therapy, androgenic treatments, severe conditions or non-Spanish speakers were excluded. Data were obtained through an online survey. Our sample was composed by a majority of Caucasian women n= 171 (84.7%), who were mean 34.5 (SD= 11.4) years old and had a high educational level (at least some college in n= 148 (74%). Of them, n=64 (31.7%) referred occasional concern about their genital appearance, n=10 (5%) referred frequent concern and n=9 (4.5%), constant concern. Moreover, n=25 (14.1%) considered undergoing genital cosmetic surgery and n=2 (1%) had already decided to undergo genital surgery. The age of onset of concern is depicted in Figure 1, with a median of 21.2 years (Statistical fashion: 15). As no rise of vulvar pathology has been reported, the increasing prevalence of this concern may be due to socio-cultural grounds. Most surveyed women had higher education, preventing us to determine the prevalence in lower levels. Most gynaecologic scientific societies recommend considering educational tools and counselling as a first step in women requesting genital cosmetic surgeries. Female genital appearance dissatisfaction has a high prevalence among women in our health area, starting concern in most during their teenage years. Development of specific tools to understand socio-cultural grounds as well as educational programs may be useful to approach this issue. The authors report no conflict of interest.

Effects of selfie semantic network analysis and AR camera app use on appearance satisfaction and self-esteem

Effects of selfie semantic network analysis and AR camera app use on appearance satisfaction and self-esteem

Sexual Dissatisfaction after Hand Surgery.

Background:Using the hand questionnaire (HAND-Q) patient-reported outcome measure, the effects of upper extremity surgery on patients’ perception of their sex life were explored. The hand is a uniquely sexual organ, and we hypothesized that self-reported measures of disease severity, quality of life, and emotional impact would correlate with sexual dissatisfaction among patients receiving treatment for hand/upper extremity conditions.Methods:Patients were prospectively enrolled for hand questionnaire participation. Patients with valid responses to the following questions were included: functionality, hand appearance satisfaction, symptom severity, emotional dissatisfaction, sexual dissatisfaction, and treatment satisfaction. Composite scores were created and scored. Sexual dissatisfaction composite scores were compared through Spearman correlation coefficient analysis to quality of life, emotional dissatisfaction, hand appearance, symptom severity, and hand functionality.Results:High levels of diminished quality of life correlated with sexual dissatisfaction (rs = 0.748, P < 0.001). Increased emotional dissatisfaction correlated with sexual dissatisfaction (rs = 0.827, P < 0.001). Increased satisfaction with hand appearance negatively correlated with sexual dissatisfaction (rs = –0.648, P = 0.001). Increased levels of dissatisfaction with hand functionality correlated with sexual dissatisfaction (rs = 0.526, P = 0.005).Conclusions:The correlation between sex life and quality of life may allow surgeons to improve patient satisfaction when treating hand/upper extremity issues. The relationship between sex life and emotional dissatisfaction emphasizes the impact that sexual dissatisfaction has on patients’ lives. Evaluating the relationship between hand appearance and sexual dissatisfaction may indicate that patient self-perception of hand attractiveness plays a role in sex life.

The Relationship Between Appearance Satisfaction and Self-Esteem Among High School Students in Eastern Croatia

Due to the imposition of social media, a large number of adolescents face problems related to physical appearance and social contact. The research objectives were to examine the degree of satisfaction of high school students in Eastern Croatia, Vinkovci, regarding their physical appearance and self-esteem based on their gender, type of high school and the differences in socioeconomic status. The study was designed as a cross-sectional research and included 278 students from medical schools and high schools. Data was collected using a survey on the demographic and socio-economic status of participants. The Body Image Questionnaire was used in a modified and validated version in Croatia and contained fourteen questions to examine the level of satisfaction with the body image. Using Rosenberg’s ten-question test, the level of self-esteem was examined. The Median age of students was 18 years. The female students in high school were significantly more concerned about their physical appearance than the male students in the same school (χ² = 23.6, p &lt; 0.001). The linear correlation between the degree of satisfaction regarding physical appearance and self-esteem confirmed the association between body image satisfaction and gender of students in medical schools (r = 0,157; p = 0,04) and students in high school (r = 0,371; p &lt; 0,001). Adolescents in this region of Croatia are not overly concerned about their physical appearance despite relatively decreased self-esteem. Alcohol consumption has proven to be a big problem especially for high school students, which can be a result of stress due to maintaining excellent grades.

High Patient Satisfaction for up to 6 Months With OnabotulinumtoxinA Treatment for Upper Facial Lines.

OnabotulinumtoxinA safety and efficacy are well established for upper facial lines (UFL), including forehead lines (FHL), glabellar lines (GL), and crow's feet lines (CFL). To investigate the association of onabotulinumtoxinA efficacy with patient-reported psychological impacts and satisfaction in UFL. A pooled analysis of data from 4 pivotal Phase 3 trials (onabotulinumtoxinA vs placebo in FHL ± GL, FHL + GL ± CFL, CFL, and CFL + GL for ≤180 days) evaluated investigator-assessed ≥1-grade severity improvement on the Allergan Facial Wrinkle Scale at Day 30 (responders). Facial Line Outcomes (FLO-11) Questionnaire, Facial Line Satisfaction Questionnaire (FLSQ), and Subject Assessment of Satisfaction of Appearance (SASA) were used to evaluate responder appearance-related psychological impacts and satisfaction. OnabotulinumtoxinA patients, by primary study focus (FHL, GL, or CFL), totaled 921, 921, and 833, respectively; 786 patients received placebo. Most patients were female, White, and aged 45 to 50 years (median). Through 150 days, >42% FHL, >43% GL, and ≥32% CFL patients were onabotulinumtoxinA responders. Responders reported improvements in appearance-related psychological impacts (FLO-11) and high satisfaction (FLSQ and SASA), sustained through ≥150 days. A ≥1-grade improvement with onabotulinumtoxinA is a clinically meaningful outcome in UFL, associated with long-lasting improved patient-reported psychological impacts and high satisfaction.

Right vertical axillary incision for atrial septal defect: a propensity score matched study

BackgroundAtrial septal defect is one of the most common types of congenital heart disease. This study aims to explore the surgical and cosmetic effects of open-heart surgery with right vertical axillary incision for simple congenital heart disease in infants.MethodsFrom June 2018 to October 2021, children who underwent direct surgery of atrial septal defect in our department were selected for a propensity score matched study. Those with direct surgery through the right vertical axillary incision were included in the right vertical axillary incision group. According to age and weight, propensity score matching method was employed to match children from the right vertical axillary incision group with those undergoing direct surgery through median sternotomy (median sternotomy group) at a 1:2 ratio. Surgery outcomes between two groups were compared to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of right vertical axillary incision group.ResultsThe median incision length (median, [interquartile range]) in right vertical axillary incision group (4.8 cm, [4.0–5.0]) was shorter than that in median sternotomy group (p < 0.001). The median drainage volume of drainage tube of the right vertical axillary incision group (117.5 ml, [92.8,152.8]) was smaller than that of median sternotomy group (p = 0.021). While no residual bubbles cases in the left and right ventricles and outflow tract were present in the right vertical axillary incision group, 44% of residual air bubble rate in right ventricular outflow tract was detected in median sternotomy group (p = 0.001). Additional sedation and analgesia (p = 0.003), wound infection or poor healing (p = 0.047), thoracic deformity healing (p = 0.029) and appearance satisfaction questionnaire (p = 0.018) in the right vertical axillary incision group were better than those in the median sternotomy group.ConclusionRight axillary vertical incision can effectively reduce surgical trauma, accelerate postoperative rehabilitation. This surgical approach also provides better cosmetic effect, which is easily accepted by children’s families and worthy of further clinical application.

Engagement with social media content results in lower appearance satisfaction: An experience sampling study using a wrist-worn wearable and a physical analogue scale

Social media use is consistently associated with more negative body image, but much of this literature is cross-sectional and/or lacks ecological validity. To overcome these limitations, we examined associations between everyday social media engagement and appearance satisfaction using an experience sampling method. Fifty participants from Central Europe completed a 14-day experience sampling phase in which they reported their appearance satisfaction at two random time-points each day, as well as following active engagement with social media content, using a wrist-worn wearable and a physical analogue scale (PAS; i.e., angle of a participant’s forearm between flat and fully upright as a continuous response scale). Results indicated that engagement with social media content was significantly associated with lower appearance satisfaction. Additionally, we found that engagement with the content of known others was associated with significantly lower appearance satisfaction than engagement with the content of unknown others. These effects were stable even after controlling for participant demographics, active vs. passive daily social media use, and body image-related factors. These results provide evidence that everyday social media engagement is associated with lower appearance satisfaction and additionally provides preliminary support for the use of a PAS in body image research using an experience sampling method.

미용전공 대학생의 외모자신감이 취업준비행동에 미치는 영향

This study attempted to investigate the influence of appearance confidence on employment preparation behavior against college men and women majoring in cosmetology. For this, a pilot survey was performed against 30 college students from the cosmetology department at a 4-year college in Gwangju Metropolitan City and Jeollanam-do from March 22 to 30. Then, a main survey was conducted from April 12 to 30, 2021. Among a total of 260 questionnaires distributed, 250 copies were collected. Excluding 16 poorly answered ones, 234 copies were used for final analysis. The collected data were analyzed by frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis and linear regression analysis, using SPSS 21.0., and the results found the followings: First, according to analysis of appearance confidence and employment preparation behavior factors, appearance confidence was divided into 4 categories (confidence in appearance &amp; cosmetology, appearance satisfaction, good interpersonal relationship, creative impression) while employment preparation behavior was classified into 5 factors (tool preparation, information collection, goal achievement, academic/employment preparation, preliminary employment). Second, appearance confidence had a positive influence on employment preparation behavior with statistical significance.

Study of Lupinus mutabilis sweet flour incorporation on the rheological, physical, chemical, and sensory properties of wheat bread

Changes in nutritional and quality characteristics of bread with lupin flour (LF; 0%–20% w/w), yeast extract (YE; 0%–2% w/w), and guar gum (GG; 0%–0.2% w/w) were studied. The rheological behavior of doughs and the physical and chemical properties of bread were analyzed. The addition of lupin flour increased protein content, water absorption, and pH of the dough. However, high levels of lupin flour caused a reduction in specific volume; with a 20% substitution (w/w), a reduction of 8.33% was observed. Also, the addition of 0.15% guar gum (w/w) increased the specific volume. Acceptability testing identified that high levels of YE reduced satisfaction in appearance, flavor, and overall liking due to the browning of the bread and residual taste. Based on these results, it is possible to produce loaf bread with high protein content, acceptable sensory parameters, and desirable physical and chemical characteristics. Practical applications Our research on the use of Lupinus mutabilis sweet on bread formulations has multiple practical applications. The higher protein content of lupin flour compared to wheat flour opens the possibility of creating bread recipes with higher nutritional value while maintaining other desirable characteristics. Our research also highlights the impact of flour high in dietary fiber such as lupin in the rheological properties of bread through the use of Mixolab. Future researchers and product developers can use our models as guidelines to better estimate the impact of lupin flour in their bread recipes. Finally, our study also provides methods that can be adapted to study the rheological properties of lupin in other food products such as pasta, cookies, biscuits, and other baked goods.