Aponeurotic Defect Research Articles

Approach to eyelid ptosis in a federal hospital in Rio de Janeiro in 2023

Introduction: The upper eyelid has complex anatomy, which is essential for an aesthetic appearance and proper function. Its normopositioning contributes to pleasant lines and is related to the eyebrow. The levator palpebrae and muller muscles maintain their height and excursion, along with the frontalis muscle. Ptosis can be congenital (myogenic or neurogenic) or acquired (myogenic, neurogenic, traumatic, mechanical, aponeurotic). The aesthetic evaluation considers the symmetry, shape and height of the eyelid. Ptosis is diagnosed when the upper eyelid margin to the reflex margin distance from the cornea is abnormally low. Eyelid fold asymmetry is associated with blepharoptosis and may require surgical correction. Methods: A total of 13 cases operated at the HFA from January to December 2023 were analyzed. All patients were approached anteriorly, with shortening of the aponeurosis of the eyelid levator muscle, after the aponeurotic defect was identified. Results: Of the cases approached (13), there were 7 men and 6 women. 11 bilateral cases and 2 unilateral cases. 1 case already operated on another service. 8 cases were elderly over 60 years old, of which 3 had a history of cataract correction (37.5%). Conclusion: The identification of ptosis in the preoperative evaluation with its consequent correction presented a better overall result, not only aesthetically, but mainly functionally. The MEPS aponeurosis shortening technique demonstrated a low complication rate, which was effective, meeting the needs of the patients and satisfying the surgeon.

Hernia Correction After Liver Transplantation Using Nonvascularized Fascia.

Liver transplantation is an increasingly frequent surgical procedure, with elevated rates of postoperative incisional hernias ranging from 5% to 46%. There are numerous known risk factors for incisional hernia, including the type of incision, patient sex, and presence of comorbidities such as diabetes, ascites, older age, and the use of steroids. Most studies on the treatment of incisional hernias in patients who have undergone liver transplantation have shown consistently high rates of complications. Consequently, we propose the use of nonvascular fascia for the symptomatic treatment of incisional hernias in patients with concomitant liver transplantation. We performed our new technique on 8 patients, who had previously undergone liver transplantation, between January 2019 and January 2023. The patients were examined using imaging techniques during the follow-up period. Of the 8 patients, 7 were liver transplant recipients and 1 was a combined liver-kidney transplant patient. The median donor age was 57 y (5-66 y), whereas the mean recipient age was 58 y (31-66 y). The median patient height and weight were 163 cm (117-185 cm) and 76 kg (17-104 kg), respectively. Immunosuppression did not change in fascia recipients. The median time between transplantation and hernia repair surgery was 41 mo (5-116 mo). The sizes of the aponeurotic defects varied from 6 × 6 to 25 × 20 cm. Two patients experienced complications: one experienced bulging that required reintervention and the other experienced surgical site seroma. There was no mortality related to the use of the technique, and none were reported during follow-up. With its promising results, nonvascularized fascial transplantation can be a successful treatment for incisional hernias in patients who had previously received a liver transplant.

Congenital ptosis with aponeurotic maldevelopment: clinical and surgical perspectives

PurposeLevator muscle dystrophy has been commonly accused being the main pathology of congenital ptosis, nevertheless, few reports drew attention to the existence of congenital aponeurotic defects. This study aims at highlighting the detailed clinical and surgical features of aponeurotic maldevelopment together with the efficacy of simple aponeurosis repair.MethodsThis is a retrospective nonrandomised study including patients with congenital ptosis who underwent levator muscle surgery throughout 4 years. Patients’ records were reviewed for the preoperative clinical assessment and photographs, intraoperative recorded data, and videos as well as postoperative data and photographs.ResultsTwenty-seven eyes of 22 patients (9.4%) out of 287 eyes were recorded to have absent levator muscle at its typical anatomical insertion site intraoperatively. The mean preoperative MRD1 was (0.44 ± 1.17 mm). The mean levator function was 8.56 ± 3.89 mm, with higher-than-normal crease position (mean value 10.07 ± 1.62 mm). 25 eyes of included cases (92.6%) showed total absence of the levator aponeurosis edge which only was revealed after cutting through the orbital septal covering of the preaponeurotic fat.ConclusionCongenital aponeurotic defect is an established yet under reported entity of congenital ptosis with reproducible characteristic intraoperative findings. Simple aponeurosis repair could achieve ptosis correction in such cases.

MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE REPARATIVE PROCESS IN THE PLASTIC SECTION OF THE MUSCLE-APONEUROTIC DEFECT IN THE EXPERIMENT USING STEM CELLS

Abstract. Anterior abdominal wall hernia repair is one of the most common procedures in general surgery. Very often, the parameters of the quality of life of operated patients with ventral hernias of the anterior abdominal wall during the fi rst year after the operation, according to a number of criteria, are signifi cantly better with alloplastic with polypropylene mesh, in contrast to the use of hernioplasty with the use of inert suture material. Hernias of the anterior abdominal wall (ventral hernias) most often occur after surgical intervention on the organs of the abdominal cavity and are considered postoperative complications arising in anatomically weak areas and under the infl uence of mechanical factors. The goal of the work. To experimentally investigate the eff ect of mesenchymal stem cells on the regeneration of muscle fi bers and their reparative properties in the area of postoperative wounds. When modeling a muscle- aponeurotic defect of the anterior abdominal wall with plasticity with own tissues and plasticity with an allograft in combination with injections of mesenchymal stem cells. The study was conducted on 38 white rats of both sexes, the initial weight of each animal was 215±12 g, the experimental animals were kept in the same conditions with full compliance with bioethical norms. All animals of groups 1 and 2 were experimentally modeled a muscle- aponeurotic defect of the anterior abdominal wall by an acute method up to 2.5 cm in diameter, followed by layer-by-layer suturing of this defect with a continuous wraparound single-row suture, «Vicryl» 3/0 with a barb was used as suture material with a needle In the 2nd group, plastic surgery was performed using the «on lay» technique with polypropylene mesh and suture material «Vicryl» 3/0 with a barbed needle, and mesenchymal stem cell injections were additionally performed. At the plastic site of the muscle- aponeurotic defect, the tissue of the anterior abdominal wall was taken in full layers for further histological examination. Histological examination of the wound tissues of animals of the control group 10 days after surgery showed that the wound defect was fi lled with granulation tissue at an early stage of maturation. After 30 days, the wound defect was fi lled with young loose connective tissue, in which there were sporadic islands of granulation tissue. In the area of the wound defect of 2 groups of experimental animals, after 10 days we detected maturing granulation tissue. Visually, the area of the lesion itself decreased. On the 30th day of the study, there was no granulation tissue, the wound defect was fi lled with fully matured newly formed and vascularized connective tissue. During the histological examination, it was found that as a result of the combined use of polypropylene mesh and stem cells, the regeneration of the wound defect is intensifi ed and its healing is accelerated.

Abdominal Wall Schwannoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Abdominal wall schwannomas are rare neoplasms originating from peripheral nerve sheaths. We present a case report of a 21-year-old patient with a ten-year history of a subcutaneous mass on the left flank of the abdomen. The mass exhibited a hard consistency and was adherent to the deep plane. Palpation elicited pain, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) initially suggested a dermoid cyst in intimate contact with the external oblique muscle. The patient underwent wide excision of the mass with a 2 cm margin and subsequent closure of the resulting muscle and aponeurotic defect by direct suturing. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a completely excised subcutaneous schwannoma. This case emphasizes the importance of considering schwannomas as a differential diagnosis for abdominal wall masses and highlights the challenges in diagnosing and managing abdominal wall schwannomas. By presenting a comprehensive review of the literature, we aim to contribute to the existing knowledge of this rare entity, facilitating early recognition and appropriate management of abdominal wall schwannomas in clinical practice.

V-053 USE OF ABDOMINAL FASCIA TRANSPLANTATION FOR COMPLEX GIANT INCISIONAL HERNIA AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANT

Abstract Incisional hernias are a well-known complicationafter liver transplantation, with an incidence of up to 15%. Conventional closure techniques such as synthetic or biological meshes do not have proper results, probably due to a variety of factors including tension in a definitive wall closure and the use of immunosuppressive drugs that can cause necrosis and wound infection. Alternative techniques such as a complete abdominal fascia transplantation can sometimes be needed. We present the case of a 57-year-old man with a history of liver transplantation due to HCV Cirrhosis, Portal Thrombosis and Pulmonary Hypertension. The patient developed a hernia of the Mercedes scar with a large fascial defect that caused him pain and obstructive symptoms. Surgical intervention was performed for hernia repair. During surgery, a large aponeurotic defect was identified with a ring of 25×15cm associated with an adhesion syndrome within the hernial sac. During surgery, the hernial sac was released, followed by release of the anterior aponeurosis and peritoneal closure. An abdominal wall transplant was performed from a 56-year-old donor after the graft had been preserved for 10 days in Celsior® at 4°. The fascial graft was placed to cover the abdominal wall defect and sutured to the edges of the recipient's fascia, using 4 interrupted 2-0 polypropylene non absorbable stitches. This patient's loss of domain of the abdominal cavity, associated with the existing vascular complications, were more than sufficient reasons to choose this technique. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful, but developed bulging during follow-up, without any additional complications.

Measurement of Knowledge and Practice of Saudi Population Towards Hernias and Its Risk Factors.

A hernia is an aponeurotic defect that allows an organ to protrude from its normal cavity. Despite advancements in hernia care, hernia patients' experiences with care, as well as recurrence and complication rates, are frequently suboptimal. Adequate knowledge of the risk factors of a hernia could lead to a significant reduction in the prevalence of hernia. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the awareness of the risk factors of abdominal hernias among adults in Saudi Arabia. Our study is a cross-sectional analytic study to measure the level of knowledge, awareness, and practice ofventral and inguinal hernias in Saudi Arabia. The data was collected by using a valid pretested structured questionnaire taken from previous studies after getting writing approval. In this study, we were able to collect data from 2611 individuals in different regions of Saudi Arabia, where 68.5% of the participants were females and 60.1% were aged between 18-29 years old. The prevalence of hernia among individuals in the current study was 9.2%, associated with participants older than 40 years old (19.1%), participants of the northern region (16.6%), illiterate individuals (30.0%), married (13.2%), and overweight or obese individuals (10.9% and 12.6%). In general, 53.7 % of the participants had a moderate level of knowledge, while 23.8% had a high level and 22.5% had a low level of knowledge. We found a moderate level of knowledge among adult individuals in Saudi Arabia abouthernia. The prevalence of hernia was similar to those reported in previous studies; however, there is a higher incidence of risk factors in the current population.

P-032 FASCIOTENS: FIRST CASE IN THE HOSPITAL OF MéRIDA

Abstract Aim Anterior abdominal wall incisional hernias are a problem present in approximately 11–20% of patients undergoing laparotomy. Incisional hernias with loss of right of abode are associated with many physical, physiological and psychological problems. In order to surgically repair these incisional hernias with loss of right of abode, we need to perform a prehabilitation of the incisional hernias. Effective prehabilitation is required in order to close the aponeurotic defect without tension and to return the hernial contents to the abdominal cavity. Material and methods A 59-year-old female patient with a history of open cholecystectomy and incisional hernia repaired on three occasions, presenting with multisaccular midline incisional hernia (M1-M4 W3) containing colon and greater omentum. Results After application of botulinum toxin and Fasciotens, it is possible to perform Rives-Stoppa retrorectus repair, being able to reduce the hernial content without tension and without increasing intra-abdominal pressure. Conclusions Prehabilitation in complex abdominal wall surgery is essential to repair large aponeurotic defects without tension. In addition, the application of Fasciotens after administration of botulinum toxin allows closure of the aponeurotic defect using standard abdominal wall closure techniques.

Traumatic Spigelian hernia in a child

Spigelian hernia is an uncommon surgical condition in children and accounts for only 1% of all abdominal hernias. Its traumatic origin has been described sporadically in the literature. We report a case of a 9-year-old boy, brought to the emergency department 2 hours after abdominal trauma caused by a bicycle's handlebar grip at the lower abdomen, complaining of abdominal pain. Apart from edema, bruising and tenderness of the right of lower abdomen, physical examination showed a 1.5 * 2 cm reducible swelling lateral to the rectus muscle and a 1-cm facial defect of the anterior abdominal wall at the same site. Ultrasonography concluded to diastasis between the rectus abdominis muscle and the broad abdominal muscles with evidence of a hernia sac. The diagnosis of traumatic Spigelian hernia was retained and the patient was operated on. He had primary repair of the defect in layers using interrupted sutures. He was discharged in the same day and the aftermath of surgery was uneventful. In conclusion, traumatic Spigelian hernias are rare entities in children which diagnosis should be considered following blunt abdominal trauma. We recommend careful abdominal examination after trauma to highlight swelling and/or aponeurotic defect.

Dermolipectomy and abdominoplasty in surgical treatment of hypogastric postoperative hernias in patients, suffering obesity

Objective. To improve clinico–esthetic results of surgical treatment of postoperative ventral hernias of infra–umbilico–hypoabdominal localization and hypogastric cicatricial deformities in patients, suffering obesity.
 Materials and methods. The work is based on the results of analysis of perioperative investigations, conducted in 37 patients. The main group was consisted of 26 patients, suffering postoperative ventral hernias after lower laparotomies or laparoscopic interventions. In 11 patients, forming a control group, there were present the soft tissue deformities without aponeurotic defects and hernias. All the patients have had general obesity Degrees I–III and/or abdominal obesity. In all the patients there was conducted a various volume calculated excision of excessive and cicatricial–fibrous tissues and, in necessity, – alloplasty of hernial gates.
 Results. Overall parahernial excess of tissues in formatted hypogastic postoperative ventral hernias have had predominantly supraaponeurotical localization and metric characteristics, determined by the hernial dimensions, emphasis of adjacent lipid–containing layers and fibrous–cicatricious components. While performing of hernioabdominoplasty in such patients it is expedient to apply a combined tactics of standard aponeurotic hernioplasty and dermolipectomy/fibrolipectomy with abdominoplasty. This permits to lower essentially (up to 3%) the rate of the local complications development.
 Conclusion. The calculated beforehand hernioabdominoplasty constitutes the most rational principle of surgical treatment for hypogastric postoperative ventral hernias in patients, suffering obesity.

Hernioabdominoplasty after obstetric and gynecological operations in obese patients

Statistics on the healing of obstetric and gynecological laparotomies with the formation of postoperative ventral hernias indicate a correlative and pathogenetic link with abdominal obesity in these patients, and inflammatory complications of subsequent corrective hernioplasty often have the same cause. The aim of the study was to improve the clinical and aesthetic results of surgical treatment of patients with hypogastric postoperative ventral hernias and scarring of the anterolateral abdominal wall on the background of abdominal obesity. The work is based on the analysis of paraoperative studies of 30 patients. The main group consisted of 19 patients who had umbilical-hypogastric postoperative ventral hernias of various sizes and locations after lower laparotomies or laparoscopic interventions. The comparison group included 11 patients who had only soft tissue deformities of the anterior abdominal wall without aponeurotic defects and hernias. Statistical processing of the results was performed using the software "Statistica 6.1". During the analysis of the obtained data it was found that parahernian excess tissues of the anterolateral abdominal wall after obstetric and gynecological operations have mainly supraaponeurotic localization and metric characteristics determined by the set size of the hernia, the severity of surrounding fatty layers and fibro-scar components. When performing hernioabdominoplasty in the conditions of ALAW obesity in patients with umbilical-hypogastric postoperative ventral hernias, sound tactics of dermolipectomy/fibrolipectomy were introduced in combination with abdominoplasty. This combination of surgical interventions reduces the incidence of local complications of hernia surgery to 4.5 %.

Hernias poco comunes: hernia de Spiegel. Reporte de caso

La hernia de Spiegel es un defecto infrecuente de la pared abdominal producido por una alteración en la unión del borde lateral del músculo recto del abdomen y el borde medial del músculo transverso del abdomen en la línea semilunar. Representan apenas del 0,12 al 2% de todas las hernias. La presente investigación se enfocó en describir las manifestaciones clínicas, el diagnóstico, la incidencia, el procedimiento quirúrgico y su evolución en dos casos reportados. Caso 1: Femenina de 33 años, multípara, obesa, quien consulta por dolor y masa palpable en el cuadrante superior izquierdo del abdomen. Al examen físico, se evidenció dolor a la palpación en mesogastrio e hipocondrio izquierdo, exhibiendo protrusión del contenido abdominal, en la línea de Spiegel. Intervención quirúrgica: hernioplastia protésica de Spiegel con colocación de malla supraaponeurótica. Caso 2: Masculino de 89 años, con diagnóstico de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, acudió a consulta presentando dolor abdominal en fosa iliaca y en la región inguino–escrotal izquierda. Al examen físico se evidenció saco herniario en la región inguino–escrotal por lo que se decide su resolución quirúrgica. Como hallazgo transoperatorio se evidenció defecto aponeurótico del recto anterior del abdomen izquierdo en su tercio inferior. Intervención quirúrgica: hernioplastia protésica de Spiegel con colocación de malla supraaponeurótica. Conclusión: La hernia de Spiegel es una entidad poco frecuente por lo que se debe concientizar al cirujano para sospechar este tipo de hernia en aquellos pacientes con presencia de aumento de volumen en la línea de Spiegel.

Aponeurotic-Cutaneous Tract Exeresis in Patients With Persistent Lymphorrhea After Kidney Transplantation: A Valid Approach in a Day Surgery Setting

BackgroundLymphatic disorders (LDs) are the most common minor complications after kidney transplantation (KT), with an incidence rate between 0.6% and 33.9%, which appears to be related to both surgical and medical factors. LDs mostly resolve spontaneously, but occasionally a surgical approach may be required. Materials and MethodsWe report our experience with 7 KT recipients who developed persistent lymphorrhea (>150 mL/24 h) between October 2017 and March 2019. All cases were treated as outpatients with parietal fistulectomy (PF). The fibrotic aponeurotic-cutaneous tract was thoroughly excised, and the residual aponeurotic defect was closed by watertight suturing. Serial abdominal ultrasounds (US) were carried out after the procedure. ResultsA small perirenal graft lymphocele of <2 cm was detected by US in all patients after 48 to 72 hours, without any evidence of either vascular or ureteral compression. During the subsequent scheduled US follow-up, lymphoceles did not increase in size, and additional interventions were not needed. Neither superficial nor deep surgical-site infections were recorded in such patients. ConclusionsPF was found to be a safe and effective minimally invasive approach for persistent lymphorrhea after KT. It could be easily performed with local anesthesia in a day surgery setting and did not require patient hospitalization.

STRENGTH COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT METHODS OF CLOSING THE ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL DEFECT (EXPERIMENTAL STUDY)

The aim of the study is to compare the mesh implantation and the strength of the mesh fixation to the anterior abdominal wall by modelling the intraperitoneal onlay mesh repair (IPOM) with and without aponeurotic defect closure. Materials and methods: The experimental animals were randomly divided into 2 groups of 6 rabbits. In experimental group IPOM was modelled without hernia defect closure, in control group - with its suturing. The macroscopic assessment of the severity of adhesions, histological examination of the removed "anterior abdominal wall - mesh" complex and strength of the mesh fixation to the anterior abdominal wall were performed on the 90th day. Results: In both groups, the displacement or complete separation of the mesh from the parietal peritoneum was not observed. The extent of adhesion formation in the abdominal cavity and strength of the mesh fixation are comparable in both groups (p > 0.05). In the experimental group, the mesh was surrounded by scar tissue, mesothelioma lining was not traced. There were also moderate signs of inflammation, which were not seen in the control group. Conclusions: The strength of the mesh fixation to the parietal peritoneum and its implantation into the anterior abdominal wall is comparable with or without aponeurotic defect closure during the experimental modelling of IPOM.

Bioprosthetic mesh of bacterial cellulose for treatment of abdominal muscle aponeurotic defect in rat model.

The use of meshes for treatment of hernias continues to draw attention of surgeons and the industry in the search of an ideal prosthesis. The purpose of this work is to use meshes manufactured from bacterial cellulose, evaluate their organic tissue interaction and compare with an expanded polytetrafluorethylene (ePTFE's) prosthesis used to repair acute defect of muscle aponeurotic induced in rats. Forty-five male Wistar rats were classified using the following criteria: (1) surgical repair of acute muscle aponeurotic defect with perforated bacterial cellulose film (PBC; n=18); (2) compact bacterial cellulose film (CBC; n=12) and (3) ePTFE; (n=15). After postoperative period, rectangles (2×3cm) including prosthesis, muscles and peritoneum were collected for biomechanical, histological and stereological analysis. In all cases, the maximum acceptable error probability for rejecting the null hypothesis was 5%. Between PBC and CBC samples, the variables of strain (P=0.011) and elasticity (P=0.035) were statistically different. The same was found between CBC and ePTFE (elasticity, P=0.000; strain, P=0.009). PBC differed from CBC for giant cells (P=0.001) and new blood vessels (P=0.000). In conclusion, there was biological integration and biomechanical elasticity of PBC; therefore, we think this option should be considered as a new alternative biomaterial for use as a bio prosthesis.

Characteristics of the fibroplasia and collagen expression in the abdominal wall after implant of the polypropylene mesh and polypropylene/polyglecaprone mesh in rats.

To compare fibroplasia and the resistance of the abdominal wall when polypropylene meshes and polypropylene/poliglecaprone are used. Seventy-seven male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Control Group (for resistance); Group E (polypropylene mesh); and Group U (polypropylene/poliglecaprone mesh). The animals in Groups E and U had a standard muscular and aponeurotic defect, with integral peritoneum, and correction with the mesh. Measurements were taken 4, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days after surgery. The resistance, and collagen density were studied. Resistance on the 56th day was similar in both meshes. The gain in resistance described an ascending curve for the polypropylene mesh and was irregular in the case of the polypropylene/poliglecaprone. Fibroplasia showed a gain in type I and type III collagen in both groups (p<0.001). Collagen III stabilized in the 14th day and collagen I continued to ascend. The gain in resistance of the polypropylene mesh is regular and ascending, whereas the polypropylene/poliglecaprone is not regular. The final resistance of both meshes is similar; the collagen density increases over time, and show the same inflammatory potential.

Infiltración de toxina botulínica en la preparación preoperatoria de las hernias con defectos de 10 cm (y hasta 15 cm)

Abdominal wall defects represent a challenge for surgeons because of lateral muscle retraction and the difficulty of the reapproximation during refunctionalization of the abdominal wall. The use of botulinum toxin type A for muscle relaxation is a method that facilitates surgical reconstruction.Thirty six patients who had undergone giant incisional hernia repair were included in the study. A preoperative abdominal computed tomography scan was performed on all of them to identify the lateral abdominal wall muscles and determine the exact point where to infiltrate the Botulinum toxin type A. Four weeks later they underwent a computed tomography scan to control toxin response and they were scheduled for surgical reconstruction of the abdominal wall.In this series of patients with aponeurotic defects sized between 10 and 15, closure without tension was successful in 27 cases (75%), other perioperative techniques were required in 25% of the remaining patients (component separation and sac plication).The mesh was used in different levels: 39% IPOM, 36% Onlay, 13% with 2 layers of mesh (Sandwich-technique), 6% Inlay and 6% with Rives’ technique. In 5 patients restoration of intestinal continuity due to previous stoma was performed as a simultaneous procedure. There were no complications related to the infiltration of the toxin, and postoperative morbidity (9 cases) was directly related to the complexity of those hernias.We consider that the use of botulinum toxin type A in the abdominal wall is a useful tool for preparation for patients with 10-15 cm ventral hernias, since it allowed primary closure without tension in most (75%) of our cases.

HERNIOPLASTIA COM TELA PRÉ-PERITONEAL NO TRATAMENTO DE HÉRNIA DE SPIEGEL: Relato de caso

As hérnias de Spiegel são um tipo incomum de hérnia, correspondendo a apenas 1% das hérnias abdominais. Decorrem da fraqueza congênita ou adquirida na parede abdominal, numa área denominada fáscia spigeliana, que é constituída pela camada aponeurótica limitada medialmente pelo reto abdominal e lateralmente pela linha arqueada. Representam um desafio diagnóstico, considerando-se que em geral se apresentam apenas com dor localizada e sem protrusão abdominal. O tratamento cirúrgico, seja aberto ou laparoscópico, se impõe diante do elevado risco de estrangulamento, devido ao estreito colo que em geral apresentam. Neste trabalho, relata-se a história de um paciente de 90 anos com dor em flanco esquerdo com dois anos de evolução e múltiplas consultas médicas, até então sem diagnóstico. A ultrassonografia revelou se tratar de hérnia de Spiegel. O paciente foi submetido a tratamento cirúrgico aberto, com correção do defeito herniário com tela de poliproprileno em posicionamento pré-peritoneal. Em acompanhamento ambulatorial, não se observaram sinais de recidiva. Apesar da tendência atual de priorizar o tratamento laparoscópico, ainda são poucos os estudos que comparam os seus benefícios em relação à abordagem convencional aberta.

Inflammatory reaction and tensile strength of the abdominal wall after an implant of polypropylene mesh and polypropylene/poliglecaprone mesh for abdominal wall defect treatment in rats.

To compare the inflammatory reaction and the growing resistance of the abdominal wall with the use of poliglecaprone meshes and polypropylene meshes associated with poliglecaprone in the correction of abdominal defects. Seventy-seven Wistar rats were divided into three groups: CG (non-operated animals: EG (polypropylene mesh) and UG (polypropylene and poliglecaprone mesh). A muscular and aponeurotic defect was formed and treated according to the group. Evaluations were made after 4, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days. The resistance and inflammatory pattern were studied. There was a gradual and significant gain in resistance, regularly in the EG and irregularly in the UG, which was lower on the 14th day (p=0.008). The inflammatory reaction was acute and more intense in the UG on the fourth day. At all other times, the inflammatory pattern was acute to chronic, similar in both groups, with minimum intensity on the 56th day. The greater resistance offered by the polypropylene mesh was regular and ascending, stabilizing on the 28th day, while that of the polypropylene/poliglecaprone was not even. In the end, the resistances were similar. The inflammatory response was greater in the UG on the fourth day and similar at all other times.

Upper Eyelid Blepharoplasty, Ptosis, Muscle Resection, Lid Crease, Levator Aponeurotic Defects and Lower Eyelid Blepharoplasty, Transconjunctival, Subciliary, Canthopexy

Upper Eyelid Blepharoplasty, Ptosis, Muscle Resection, Lid Crease, Levator Aponeurotic Defects and Lower Eyelid Blepharoplasty, Transconjunctival, Subciliary, Canthopexy