API Index Research Articles

Therapeutic and preventive effect of the antidisbiotic agent kvertulin on the condition of the oral cavity of patients who received oral applications of fried sunflower oil

Background. To determine the possibility of prevention of dental complications in the consumption of fried sunflower oil (FSO) with the antidisbiotic agent Kvertulin.
 Methods. Patients underwent oral FSO applications for 10 days. The antidisbiotic agent was taken sublingually. The condition of the oral cavity was assessed by such indicators as salivation rate, hygienic indices, level in saliva of biochemical markers of inflammatory-dystrophic (elastase, MDA, urease), dysbiotic processes (urease, lysozyme, degree of dysbiosis) and antioxidant protection (catalase, index API).
 Results. It was found that the consumption of FSO increases the level of elastase, urease, MDA and the degree of dysbiosis in saliva, but reduces the level of lysozyme, catalase and API index. Previous use of Kvertulin significantly reduced the level of elastase, urease, MDA and the degree of dysbiosis and increased the level of lysozyme, catalase and API index. The therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy of quertulin in the patients who consumption of FSO was 64.4 %.
 Conclusion: Consumption of FSO causes the development of inflammatory-dystrophic and dysbiotic complications in the oral cavity, which can be largely prevented with the antidisbiotic agent Kvertulin.

An optimization study on quality promotion of heavy crude oil exposed ultrasonic waves and magnetic nanoparticles addition

This study aims to investigate a new method of combining ultrasonic waves with different frequencies and magnetic nanoparticles in reducing the asphaltene content and kinematic viscosity of heavy oil. In general, the experiments included irradiation of ultrasonic waves at single-frequency mode, dual-frequency mode, temperature optimization, and the combined effects of the ultrasonic waves and magnetic nanoparticles in a constant magnetic field. The results demonstrated that, the ultrasonic irradiation at an optimum time of 10 min and a constant temperature of 20 °C with a frequency of 25 kHz and a power of 840 W decreased the asphaltene content and kinematic viscosity of the heavy oil from 13.52% and 87.2 cSt to 7.6% and 65.7cSt, respectively. In the dual-frequency mode (25 kHz and 1.7 MHz), the both parameters reduced to 7.33٪ and 62.9cSt. Subsequently the temperature of 50 °C was selected as optimum temperature for the experiments. The experimental optimizations cleared that at the concentration of γ-Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles (0.4 wt%) and the dual- frequency, the both parameters were significantly declined (7.1 cSt and 5.01 wt% respectively). Distillation test, FT-IR, SARA analyses and API index have verified that the ultrasonic waves and the magnetic nanoparticles have effectively lightened the studied oil.

Mini-invasive revascularization operations in the complex treatment of neuroischemic and ischemic forms of diabetic foot syndrome

Objective: Diabetic foot syndrome is the most dramatic complication of diabetes mellitus. The treatment success is impossible without improving blood circulation and the elimination of hemodynamic disorders in the affected limb.The study aim was to evaluate mini-invasive revascularization operations effectiveness on the lower limbs peripheral arteries in neuro-ischemic and ischemic diabetic foot syndrome forms.
 Materials and methods: The study enrolled 104 patients with purulent-necrotic complications of diabetic foot syndrome. 54 (51.9%) patients underwent stenting and balloon angioplasty (the main group). The comparison group included 50 (48.1%) patients, undergoing indirect revascularization surgeries in complex treatment.
 Results and discussion:After endovascular interventions, the API index increased by 47.6% (p<0.01) after 20 days compared to the admission index, the average blood flow rate increased by 1.8 times (p<0.01), and the tPo2 value improved by 67.8% (p<0.01). In the control group, the tPo2 value increased by 40.3% after 20 days, and API – by 34.4%. In the main group, the swelling disappearance in the foot wounds area was by 3.7±0.5 days faster (p<0.001), wounds purification by 4.1 days (p<0.001), granulation appearance by 3.5±0.4 days (p<0.001), wound margins infiltration disappearance happened 3.3±0.9 days earlier (p<0.001), and the wound epithelization was 2.9 days earlier (p<0.01) than in the control group patients.
 Conclusion: Foot support function at discharge from hospital was preserved in 94.4% of the main group and in 84% of the control group.
 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(4) 2021 p.817-825

ЦИТОКИНОВЫЙ ПРОФИЛЬ ПРИ ЛЕЧЕНИИ ХРОНИЧЕСКОГО ГЕНЕРАЛИЗОВАННОГО ПАРОДОНТИТА

Objective — improvement of methods of treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis based on the analysis of the cytokine profile of patients.
 Methodology. A study of 120 patients with chronic periodontitis of varying severity aged 30 to 50 years was conducted. All patients were randomized into 5 groups according to the severity of the disease and therapy. all patients received traditional anti-inflammatory therapy. In group 4, in addition to the main treatment, patients received laser therapy sessions. In group 5, patients with severe chronic periodontitis were administered remaxol along with laser therapy. Evaluation of the condition of periodontal tissues was carried out according to clinical indices. PMA, SBI, API, OHI-s, and periodontal indices were used. The serum levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were studied by enzyme immunoassay.
 Results: In chronic generalized periodontitis of moderate and severe severity, the content of all studied proinflammatory cytokines in the blood serum increases, and more significantly in the group of patients with severe disease. At the same time, the content of anti-inflammatory mediators undergoes ambiguous changes: in group I, the content of IL-4 increases significantly, and in group II it does not change significantly. In turn, IL-10 in group I does not decrease significantly, but in group II it becomes significantly less than normal. The inclusion of laser therapy and remaxol in the complex of standard measures showed high efficiency in reducing the severity of the pathological process, which was expressed in a faster subsiding of inflammatory phenomena in periodontal tissues.
 Conclusions: An increase in the content of proinflammatory cytokines in the blood serum in chronic generalized periodontitis was revealed, and more significantly in the group of patients with a severe course of the disease. At the same time, an imbalance of the system of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines is registered. The use of laser therapy and remaxol in the complex treatment of CPT was the most effective.

Selected salivary parameters in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: a preliminary study

BackgroundDisturbances in the levels of serum constituents occurring in chronic renal diseases can be reflected in the saliva composition. The aim of this study was to assess some selected salivary components in children suffering from idiopathic steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (iNS).MethodsA case–control study was performed on iNS and healthy participants. In unstimulated mixed saliva, pH, buffer capacity, total protein, α-amylase, peroxidase, calcium, magnesium, inorganic phosphate, fluoride, urea, uric acid and salivary flow rate were measured. Oral condition was assessed using dmft, DMFT, API and GI indices, usage of fluoride specimens and frequency of tooth brushing. Statistical analysis was performed by Shapiro–Wilk, Brown-Forsythe, Student’s t, ANOVA, Tukey’s and Pearson’s chi-square tests, Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlations, logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsThe study involved 94 participants of both genders aged 4–17 (47 cases in relapse or remission phase of iNS and 47 controls) who were treated in the clinic of pediatric nephrology or outpatient dental clinic. Neither group differed in the number of caries-affected primary and permanent teeth, gingival condition or use of fluoride specimens. The iNS group presented lower levels of magnesium (0.41 ± 0.34 vs. 0.60 ± 0.38 mg/dL, P < 0.05) and fluoride (0.15 ± 0.10 vs. 0.21 ± 0.10 ppm, P < 0.01) and higher contents of urea (35.19 ± 15.55 vs. 25.21 ± 10.78 mg/dL, P < 0.01) and uric acid (2.90 ± 1.23 vs. 2.34 ± 1.04 mg/dL, P < 0.05) than the controls. In the iNS participants with relapse, a higher peroxidase activity and lower magnesium content than in the remission phase were found. ROC analysis showed a weak discriminatory power of these salivary constituents for the differentiation of participants with and without disease (accuracy from 66.0 to 67.0%, area under the ROC curve (AUC) from 0.638 to 0.682) and the relapse and remission phases (accuracy 70.2% and 68.1% and AUC 0.717 and 0.675, respectively).ConclusionsLevels of urea, uric acid, magnesium and fluoride in saliva can be associated with the course of iNS. Salivary levels of peroxidase and magnesium can be related to the phase of the disease. However, the measurements of these parameters cannot be useful as a noninvasive tool in diagnosing iNS and the phase of the disease.

Renoprotective action of mucosa-adhesive phytogel "Biotrit" in rats, treated with oral application peroxide sunflower oil

Aim. Determine the renoprotective activity of oral “Biotrit” gel when exposed to peroxide sunflower oil (PSO).Methods. PSO was obtained by heating the oil at +180 ° C for 60 minutes in the presence of 1.5% H2O2. Used mucosa-adhesive phytogel "Biotrit", containing bioflavonoids from wheat leaves. Rats received oral applications of PSO at a dose of 0.5 ml/rat for 5 days. A part of the rats received 30 minutes before the application of the PSO application of the “Biotrit” gel. The activity of elastase, catalase, urease, lysozyme and the content of MDA were determined in the kidneys. The ratio of catalase and MDA was calculated the API index, and the ratio of the relative activities of urease and lysozyme – the degree of dysbiosis.Results. In rats treated with PSO, the activity of elastase, urease, and MDA content increased but lysozyme activity and the API index decreased in the kidneys. Applications of the gel "Biotrit" reduce the activity of elastase, urease, increase the activity of lysozyme and the API index.Conclusion. Consumption of PSO causes the development of nephropathy; Oral applications of the gel "Biotrit" prevent the development of peroxide nephropathy.

RENOPROTECTIVE ACTION OF PHYTOTHERAPY IN EXPERIMENTAL METABOLIC SYNDROME

Purpose. To determine the efficacy of the therapeutic and prophylactic effect of two phytopreparations on the kidneys of rats with the metabolic syndrome. Material and methods. We used the “Grape” extract (water-alcohol extract from the grape squeeze) and the extract “Oak” containing phenolic substances from oak. The experiments were performed on rats that reproduced metabolic syndrome (MS) by keeping rats on a high-fat diet, while reproducing intestinal dysbiosis and immunodeficiency (due to the introduction of cytostatics). The “Grape” extract was administered with food, and the “Oak” extract with drinking water, both at a dose of 50 mg of dry matter per kg of live weight. Herbal preparations were administered daily for 40 days. The activity of elastase, urease, lysozyme and ALT was determined in the blood serum. In the homogenate of the kidneys, the activity of elastase, urease, lysozyme, catalase and the content of MDA were determined. The antioxidant-prooxidant API index was calculated by the ratio of catalase activity and MDA content, and the degree of dysbiosis was calculated by the ratio of the relative activities of urease and lysozyme. Results. It has been shown that in rats with MS in the kidneys, the activity of elastase, urease, the content of MDA and the degree of dysbiosis increase with a decrease in the activity of lysozyme, catalase and the API index. In the blood serum of rats with MS, the activity of elastase, urease, ALT increases and the activity of lysozyme decreases. Phytopreparations decreased elastase, urease activity, MDA content and the degree of dysbiosis, but increased lysozyme activity, catalase and the API index; these effects were more pronounced in the Oak extract. Conclusions. In kidney under MS, an inflammatory-dystrophic process develops due to systemic inflammation and bacteremia. Phytopreparations, especially Oak, have a renoprotective effect.

DenTiUS Plaque, a Web-Based Application for the Quantification of Bacterial Plaque: Development and Usability Study.

BackgroundIn the dentistry field, the analysis of dental plaque is vital because it is the main etiological factor in the 2 most prevalent oral diseases: caries and periodontitis. In most of the papers published in the dental literature, the quantification of dental plaque is carried out using traditional, non-automated, and time-consuming indices. Therefore, the development of an automated plaque quantification tool would be of great value to clinicians and researchers.ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop a web-based tool called DenTiUS and various clinical indices to evaluate dental plaque levels using image analysis techniques.MethodsThe tool was executed as a web-based application to facilitate its use by researchers. Expert users are free to define experiments, including images from either a single patient (to observe an individual plaque growth pattern) or several patients (to perform a group characterization) at a particular moment or over time. A novel approach for detecting visible plaque has been developed as well as a new concept known as nonvisible plaque. This new term implies the classification of the remaining dental area into 3 subregions according to the risk of accumulating plaque in the near future. New metrics have also been created to describe visible and nonvisible plaque levels.ResultsThe system generates results tables of the quantitative analysis with absolute averages obtained in each image (indices about visible plaque) and relative measurements (indices about visible and nonvisible plaque) relating to the reference moment. The clinical indices that can be calculated are the following: plaque index of an area per intensity (API index, a value between 0 and 100), area growth index (growth rate of plaque per unit of time in hours; percentage area/hour), and area time index (the time in days needed to achieve a plaque area of 100% concerning the initial area at the same moment). Images and graphics can be obtained for a moment from a patient in addition to a full report presenting all the processing data. Dentistry experts evaluated the DenTiUS Plaque software through a usability test, with the best-scoring questions those related to the workflow efficiency, value of the online help, attractiveness of the user interface, and overall satisfaction.ConclusionsThe DenTiUS Plaque software allows automatic, reliable, and repeatable quantification of dental plaque levels, providing information about area, intensity, and growth pattern. Dentistry experts recognized that this software is suitable for quantification of dental plaque levels. Consequently, its application in the analysis of plaque evolution patterns associated with different oral conditions, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of various oral hygiene measures, can represent an improvement in the clinical setting and the methodological quality of research studies.

Development of gingivitis in rats receiving oral applications of peroxide sunflower oil

Aim. Determine the condition of the gums in rats receiving oral applications of peroxide sunflower oil (PSO).Methods. PSO was obtained by heating sunflower oil in the presence of Н2О2 at +180°С for 60 minutes. PSO in a dose of 0.5 ml per rat was applied to the oral mucosa for 3 or 5 days. The activity of elastase, urease, lysozyme, catalase and the content of MDA (malondialdehyde) were determined in the gum. The antioxidant-prooxidant API index was calculated by the ratio of catalase and MDA, and the degree of dysbiosis was calculated by the ratio of the relative activities of urease and lysozyme..Results. After 5 days of PSO applications, an increase in elastase activity, urease, MDA content and the degree of dysbiosis against the background of a decrease in lysozyme activity, catalase and the API index was established.Conclusion. Oral applications of PSO cause a decrease in the level of non-specific immunity, antioxidant defense, an increase in microbial seeding, the degree of dysbiosis and the development of gingivitis.

Biochemical indicators of the organism condition of rats which received high-fat diets with different fatty acid composition

Aim. To determine the effects on the body of high-fat diets (HFD) with different fatty acid composition.Methods. Used ordinary sunflower, olive, palm and butter, which were introduced into the feed in an amount of 15 %. Rats were fed for 41 days. Gum, liver, small intestinal mucosa were isolated and blood serum was obtained, which determined the activity of elastase, ALT and alkaline phosphatase, as well as the content of glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol. The activity of elastase, catalase, urease, lysozyme, and MDA content were determined in tissue homogenates. The API index and the degree of dysbiosis were calculated.Results. In rats treated with HFD, elastase, urease, MDA content increased, but lysozyme and catalase activity decreased in all tissues, the API index also decreased, and the degree of dysbiosis increased significantly. Serum triglycerides and cholesterol increased. Stronger pathological changes occurred in rats treated with palm or butter, and the lowest in rats treated with olive oil.Conclusion. HFD causes the development of dysbiosis, decreased levels of antioxidant protection and the development of inflammation, more pronounced with the consumption of fats high in palmitic acid.

ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ КОМПЛЕКСНОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ВОСПАЛИТЕЛЬНЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ ПАРОДОНТА

Subject. The results of a sociological survey and questioning of doctors about prescribed antiseptic drugs and comparative data on their effectiveness are considered.&#x0D; The goal is to justify the feasibility of using various antiseptics in the complex treatment of patients with periodontal diseases.&#x0D; Methodology. Dentists were questioned to identify the most commonly prescribed drugs. 36 patients were divided into 3 experimental groups depending on the composition or concentration of the antiseptic drug used.&#x0D; Results. The values of the GI, SBI and API indices statistically significantly and more pronounced decreased at almost all stages of observation after the use of the traditional antiseptic at a concentration of 0.2 % and rinse aid Curasept. After 2 weeks of the study after completion of treatment, the pH level in the 1st group was 7.33 ± 0.035, in the 2nd and 3rd — 7.02 ± 0.049 and 6.69 ± 0.131, respectively. When analyzing the detection rate of P. gingivalis in the 1st group, it was found that out of 8 patients (72.7 %) after the completion of therapeutic measures, only 2 (18.2 %) had a high level of dissemination (χ2 = 6.60 p = 0.010), when studying the level of inoculation of A. Actinomycetemcomitans, similar results were obtained.&#x0D; Conclusions. Antiseptic 0.2 % chlorhexidine bigluconate solution and mouthwash Curasept ADS 212 (0.12 % chlorhexidine solution) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis lead to a more pronounced destruction of periodontal pathogenic microflora, normalization of acid-base balance and GI, SBI and API indices both at the initial stage of research, and in its most remote dates. After the use of the drug chlorhexidine bigluconate 0.05 %, the microbial contamination rates decrease, but bacteria do not completely eradicate and at all stages of observation, the average index values in the 3rd group are significantly higher compared to other groups.

Simulation of colitis with the use of food fat

In recent decades, the consumption of fats, especially animal fats, has increased significantly. It has been established that high-fat nutrition leads not only to the development of obesity, liver steatosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, but also underlies the pathogenesis of dysbiotic syndrome. The latter is the main pathogenetic mechanism of the most widespread noncommunicable diseases.It has been established that the biological effect of various dietary fats largely depends on their fatty acid composition and, in particular, on the content of saturated fatty acids, especially palmitic acid. It was shown that triglycerides containing palmitic acid are difficult to hydrolyze by lipase of lipoproteins, which complicates their utilization by tissues.The authors studied the effect of dietary fats with different fatty acid composition on the condition of the mucous membrane of the colon of rats.The inflammatory process in the colon mucosa (colitis) develops only after consuming butter and palm oil. Partially, it is increased after the consumption of ordinary sunflower oil (the level of only one marker increases - MA).The development of colitis is inversely related to the degree of decrease in the antioxidant-prooxidant API index. Thus, the consumption of palm oil causes the strongest decrease in the API index and the highest increase in the level of inflammation markers.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: The diagnostic nomogram of platelet-based score models forhepatic alveolar echinococcosis and atypical liver cancer

Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE) and liver cancer had similaritiesin imaging results, clinical characteristics, and so on. And it is difficult forclinicians to distinguish them before operation. The aim of our study was to build adifferential diagnosis nomogram based on platelet (PLT) score model and use internalvalidation to check the model. The predicting model was constructed by theretrospective database that included in 153 patients with HAE (66 cases) or livercancer (87 cases), and all cases was confirmed by clinicopathology and collectedfrom November 2011 to December 2018. Lasso regression analysis model was used toconstruct data dimensionality reduction, elements selection, and building predictionmodel based on the 9 PLT-based scores. A multi-factor regression analysis wasperformed to construct a simplified prediction model, and we added the selectedPLT-based scores and relevant clinicopathologic features into the nomogram.Identification capability, calibration, and clinical serviceability of thesimplified model were evaluated by the Harrell’s concordance index (C-index),calibration plot, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), and decision curve.An internal validation was also evaluated by the bootstrap resampling. Thesimplified model, including in 4 selected factors, was significantly associated withdifferential diagnosis of HAE and liver cancer. Predictors of the simplifieddiagnosis nomogram consisted of the API index, the FIB-4 index, fibro-quotent(FibroQ), and fibrosis index constructed by King’s College Hospital (King’s score).The model presented a perfect identification capability, with a high C-index of0.929 (0.919 through internal validation), and good calibration. The area under thecurve (AUC) values of this simplified prediction nomogram was 0.929, and the resultof ROC indicated that this nomogram had a good predictive value. Decision curveanalysis showed that our differential diagnosis nomogram had clinicallyidentification capability. In conclusion, the differential diagnosis nomogram couldbe feasibly performed to verify the preoperative individualized diagnosis of HAE andliver cancer.

Correction of antioxidant protection of the oral mucosa in chronic pancreatitis

Relevance:inflammatory processes in the oral mucosa are often found in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, which is explained by the common functions and unity of all parts of the digestive system.Purpose– to study the effect of the studied drugs on the state of antioxidant-prooxidant systems of the oral mucosa in patients with chronic pancreatitis.Materials and methods:we examined 118 patients, of whom 62 were men (mean age 39.6 ± 16.4 years) and 56 women (mean age 40.3 ± 15.7 years); of these, 34 patients (control group) are practically healthy people without somatic pathology and 84 patients with chronic pancreatitis who were divided into two groups. The first (main) group - 46 people who, in addition to the drug therapy prescribed by the gastroenterologist, were prescribed the drug “Multiflora” 1 tablet 1 time per day with meals for 30 days. Also, the patients of the main group, after each meal, rinsed their mouths with “Enoant” food concentrate at a dilution of 1: 5 and applied it inside with 1 tablespoon 2 times a day, diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 5. The second (comparison group) - 38 people who, in addition to treatment of chronic pancreatitis, were treated with the oral mucosa according to the generally accepted method - prescribed fluconazole 150 mg 1 time a day, rinsing with 2% borax solution in glycerol after eating for 14 days. Unstimulated oral fluid of the examined patients served as the material for the study. In all groups, the activity of the catalase enzyme was determined by the method of S.V. Girina (1999), the level of malonic dialdehyde (MDA activity by reaction with thiobarbiturate acid to form a trimethine complex) and antioxidant-prooxidant index of unstimulated oral fluid by the method of А.P. Levitsky (2010). Laboratory research was carried out at the time of the initial examination before the start and on the 30th day of treatment.Results:in the comparison group after treatment, an increased concentration of malondialdehyde in the oral fluid, as well as reduced indicators of the API index and catalase activity confirm the presence of inflammatory processes in the oral mucosa. The application of the proposed therapeutic complex to patients of the main group significantly reduces the concentration of malondialdehyde in the oral fluid, proving its anti-inflammatory effect on the oral mucosa. An increase in the antioxidant-prooxidant index and an increase in catalase activity indicates an increase in the body’s defenses in patients of the main group.Conclusion:the use of the proposed therapeutic complex in patients with inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa suffering from chronic pancreatitis contributes to the elimination of inflammatory and degenerative processes and the restoration of the normal level of protective systems in the oral mucosa.

Cariesprophylactic and periodontoprotective action of octenidine hexafluorosilicate in rats obtained with cariesogenic ration

In recent years, ammonium hexafluorosilicate and hexafluorosilicates of organic amonium cations are actively studied, which demonstrate certain advantages over traditional compounds of fluorine. Previously, it was shown that hexafluorosilicates with bactericidal cations of chlorhexidine, polyhexamethyleneguanidine and cetylpyridinium effectively reduce the number and depth of carious lesions of teeth in rats and at the same time significantly improve the biochemical parameters of the pulp of the teeth.&#x0D; The aim of the work – study of the cariesprophylactic and periodontoprotective effectiveness of octenidine hexafluorosilicate.&#x0D; The investigated preparations were applied to the teeth and gums of rats in the composition of phyto-gels based on Na-salt of carboxymethylcellulose. In the slurry of the incisors, the activity of alkaline (ALP) and acidic (ACP) phosphatases, elastase, lysozyme was determined and the mineralizing index (MI) was calculated. The number and depth of carious lesions of the teeth were counted and caries of prophylactic efficacy (CPE) were calculated. In the gums, the level of malonic dialdehyde (MDA), activity of elastase, catalase, lysozyme and urease was determined. The degree of dysbiosis and the antioxidant-prooxidant index of the API were calculated. The degree of atrophy of the alveolar process was determined and the periodontitis protective efficiency (PPE) was calculated.&#x0D; The effect of octenidine hexafluorosilicate on the damage to the caries of the teeth of rats receiving CGR was shown. It has been shown that octenidine hexafluorosilicate has caries prophylactic action, as evidenced by its stronger anti-carious effect in comparison with NaF. The results of the determination of the depth of carious lesions in the slurry of the incisors and the activity of phosphatase showed that octenidine hexafluorosilicate significantly increases the activity of ALP and ACP but has no effect on the mineralizing index of MI. Octenidine hexafluorosilicate significantly increases the activity of elastase in the pulp and reduces the activity of lysozyme. CPE of octenidine hexafluorosilicate is higher than that of NaF by more than 1.7 times. In the gingival rats of octenidine hexafluorosilicate causes a significant decrease in the marker of inflammation – elastase. The degree of dysbiosis in the gums of rats receiving CGR increases by 1.73 times and decreases to practically intact rats after octenidine hexafluorosilicate gel applications and vice versa, catalase activity and API index significantly decrease in CGR, and when gel application is increased to intact rats. It is shown that the sucrose diet significantly increases the degree of atrophy (by 31%), and octenidine hexafluorosilicate reduces the degree of atrophy by 17%. It has been established that octenidine hexafluorosilicate has a significant (54.7%) PPE.&#x0D; The results of studying the properties of octenidine hexafluorosilicate indicate its rather high cariesprophylactic efficacy and periodontal protective effect, which makes it possible to treat it as a potential treatment and prevention of caries and periodontal diseases.

Hydroprocessing of light cycle oil (LCO) over sulfided NiMo supported on hierarchical mesoporous H-ZSM-5 catalyst

The effect of temperature, pressure and H2/feed ratio was studied for hydroprocessing of light cycle oil (LCO) over sulfided NiMo supported on mesoporous H-ZSM-5. Mesoporous H-ZSM-5 catalyst used in this study was synthesized by hydrothermal method and ion exchange. The catalyst was characterized by N2 sorption studies, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy techniques. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons were reduced from 64 to 10 wt% at 300 °C and 60 bar. Mono-aromatics yield was increased to 60 wt% at higher temperature (380 °C). Properties like viscosity, cetane index, distillation (95% vol. recovery) and density of hydroprocessed LCO products at 380 °C, make it suitable for addition to diesel pool. At severe reaction conditions (380 °C and 70 bar), °API and cetane index values increased, while viscosity and density decreased. After 65 h of continuous run, polyaromatic hydrocarbons yield were increasing due to the loss of catalytic activity.

Selective poly-aromatics saturation and ring opening during hydroprocessing of light cycle oil over sulfided Ni-Mo/SiO2-Al2O3 catalyst

Hydroprocessing of light cycle oil was carried out in a fixed bed reactor. Sulfided hydroprocessing catalyst, Ni-Mo/SiO2-Al2O3 was used, and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons in the obtained products were reduced to 5 wt%, from 64 wt% in the feed, at 380 °C and 60 bar. The GC–MS analysis confirmed that 3-ring poly-aromatic compounds converted to alkyl substituted tetralin compounds. Aromatics yield increased by nearly 4–6 times (50 wt%) in the hydroprocessed products, which could be suitable for gasoline pool due to improved octane number. Mono-aromatic hydrocarbons concentration obtained was 35–55% at all the operating conditions in the hydroprocessed products. Higher concentration of mono-aromatics leads to the improved octane number of the fuel. Properties like viscosity, cetane index, °API, and density of hydroprocessed LCO products, lead us to conclude that the obtained products are suitable for diesel as well. Under severe reaction conditions (380 °C, 70 bar), °API and cetane index values increased whereas viscosity and the density value of the products decreased. The results indicate that the catalyst shows very stable performance with time regarding meeting the required specifications for diesel.

Development of android application for computation of air pollutant index and water quality index

Past few decades, human have experienced a revolution in the computer sciences, not only in terms of its ability but also in terms of its use. Advancement of smartphone technology had produced rapid yet incredible invention in many sectors such as construction, agriculture, education, health and many more. This paper will discuss about the development of the application that is used to calculate the API and WQI indices. WQI and API calculator application was named as My.Index Calculator. The application can run on Android version 3.0 (Honeycomb) until the latest version of it (Lollipop). The application provides better alternatives to the index calculation and data management. Now, the researchers and students can calculate the index value at anytime and anywhere with the help of the application. In addition, it is way easier and faster to calculate the index.

Біохімічні показники ротової рідини у наркозалежних хворих на хронічний генералізований пародонтит

The impact of narcotic drugs on the oral cavity is not sufficiently studied and remains important. The aim of the study – to learn the biochemical characteristics of oral liquid of drug-addict patients with chronic generalized periodontitis of initial and first degree. Materials and Methods. The object of biochemical studies was oral liquid of 14 drug addict patients (main group) and 10 non-drug addict patients (comparison group) with chronic generalized periodontitis initial and first degree (CGP). There were determined the following parameters: salivation rate, pH, catalase activity (method described by Koroliuk et al.), the number of MDA (by – Stalnaia et al.) and counted API index, protein (by – Lowry), acid and alkaline phosphatase (sets to determine enzymatic activity produced by "Filist-diagnostics"), proteases activity (Kunitz in modification of A.P. Levytskyi).Results and Discussion. We found out deviation of pH in the acidic side (6.16 ± 0.12) in addicted patients and reduce in the rate of salivation (0.31 ± 0.02 ml/m); Also there was reduced in catalase activity (0.14 ± 0.02 mcat/l) and increase in the number of MDA (0.31 ± 0.02 mmol/l) in patients of the main group and API index decrease in addicted patients to 4.47±0.64. Rising of results of protease activity in 7.1 %, protein – in 14.3 %, and acid phosphatase to 25.04±0.72U/l in patients of the main group. Activity of alkaline phosphatase was reduced to 42.55 ± 0.82 U/l. Conclusion. Biochemical studies of oral liquid drug dependent patients with CGP confirm the weakening protective mechanisms and progression of pathological process in periodontal tissues.

Pollution Characteristic of VOCs during Straw Burning Period in Chengdu, China

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were analyzed in straw burning period and non-straw burning period in the center of Chengdu city. The results showed that the concentrations of TVOC during straw burning were significantly higher than that in the non-straw burning period in Chengdu. The main components were alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons and esters in straw burning period while aromatic hydrocarbons, alkanes, esters, aldehydes and ketones as the main contents in the period of non-straw burning. The correlation of TVOC, SO2, NO2, PM10, PM2.5, CO, O3 and the API index was discussed and the NOX-sensitive of photochemical reaction type was determined by the ratio of TVOC / NO2 during straw burning period.