AOMDV Routing Protocol Research Articles

Hybrid optimization-based Effective Path Selection and Multipath routing in MANETs

Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs) have emerged as a popular technology because of their wide application and independent mobility. Nevertheless, communication through MANETs can be effective because of their inherent nature of high mobility, which in turn results in a higher rate of data loss and delay. Therefore, for effective communication to be achieved, the MANETs’ routing performance must be enhanced. Some extant routing protocols like AOMDV can yield moderate Routing Overhead (RO) during communication. The review of previous studies shows that there is a need for improvement in the following areas: Computational E2E delay: the proposed Genetic Algorithm- Ant Colony Optimization (GA-ACO) was unable to reduce the computational E2E delay that occurs during communication. RO: The schemes that were proposed failed to minimize the RO in the network. Energy consumption: the reduction energy consumed by the network was reduced, however, high throughput and PDR could not be achieved by the method. On the contrary, the EHO-based AOMDV routing protocol achieved low E2E delay and RO but was unable to decrease the energy consumed by the network. Throughput and PDR: The protocol proposed failed to achieve high Quality of Services (QoS). Consequently, this paper aims to provide a solution to this communication problem by proposing a Hybrid Optimization-based Effective Path Selection and Multipath routing (HOEPSM) approach for MANETs. The proposed approach, which is HOEPSM is made up of two parts: Elephant Herding Optimization (EHO)-based AOMDV routing protocol, which makes use of EHO for the identification of the shortest path from the source to the destination. The second part which is the Hybrid optimization using Genetic Ant Optimization (GAO) algorithm, involves finding the best solution through the use of a GAO-based hybrid optimization algorithm. The results of the study revealed that the use of the HOEPSM causes a significant decrease in routing RO while enhancing the network’s Quality of Forwarding (QoF) of the network. Also, the simulation of the proposed approach was carried out in NS2, and afterward, compared with earlier proposed methods like DRARP and MDRARP. Based on the simulation results, the HOEPSM outperformed the other methods, with high Energy Efficiency (EE) (91%), Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) (95%), RO (155), and End to End (E2E delay) (102ms). These results can be attributed to the HOEPSM’s choice of the best and steady route from the source nodes and destination nodes.

Routing Optimizing Decisions in MANET: The Enhanced Hybrid Routing Protocol (EHRP) with Adaptive Routing based on Network Situation

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are wireless networks that operate without a fixed infrastructure or base station. In MANETs, each node acts as a data source and a router, establishing connections with its neighboring nodes to facilitate communication. This research has introduced the Enhanced Hybrid Routing Protocol (EHRP), which combines the OLSR, AOMDV, and AODV routing protocols while considering the network situation for improved performance. The EHRP protocol begins by broadcasting a RREP (Route Reply) packet to discover a route. The selection of routing options is based on the current network situation. To determine the distance between the source and destination nodes, the proposed EHRP initiates a RREQ (Route Request) packet. In situations where network mobility exceeds the capabilities of the AODV protocol, the EHRP protocol can utilize the OLSR routing protocol for route selection and data transmission, provided that at least 70% of the network nodes remain stable. Additionally, the EHRP protocol effectively handles network load and congestion control through the utilization of the AOMDV routing protocol. Compared to the hybrid routing protocol, the enhanced hybrid routing protocol (EHRP) demonstrates superior performance. Its incorporation of the OLSR, AOMDV, and AODV protocols, along with its adaptive routing adaptation based on network conditions, allows for efficient network management and improved overall network performance.
 The analysis of packet delivery ratio for EHRP and ZRP reveals that EHRP achieves a packet delivery ratio of 98.01%, while ZRP achieves a packet delivery ratio of 89.99%. These results indicate that the enhanced hybrid routing protocol (EHRP) outperforms the hybrid routing protocol (ZRP) in terms of packet delivery ratio. EHRP demonstrates a higher level of success in delivering packets to their intended destinations compared to ZRP.
 The analysis of normal routing load for EHRP and ZRP reveals that EHRP exhibits a normal routing load of 0.13%, while ZRP exhibits a higher normal routing load of 0.50%. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the performance of the Enhanced Hybrid Routing Protocol (EHRP) is significantly better than that of the Hybrid Routing Protocol (ZRP) when considering the normal routing load. EHRP demonstrates a lower level of routing overhead and more efficient resource utilization compared to ZRP in scenarios with normal routing load.
 When comparing the average end-to-end delay between the Enhanced Hybrid Routing Protocol (EHRP) and ZRP, the analysis reveals that EHRP achieves an average delay of 0.06, while ZRP exhibits a higher average delay of 0.23. These findings indicate that the Enhanced Hybrid Routing Protocol (EHRP) performs better than ZRP in terms of average end-to-end delay. EHRP exhibits lower delay, resulting in faster and more efficient transmission of data packets from source to destination compared to ZRP.
 After considering the overall parameter matrix, which includes factors such as normal routing load, data send and receive throughput, packet delivery ratio, and average end-to-end delay, it becomes evident that the performance of the Enhanced Hybrid Routing Protocol (EHRP) surpasses that of the current hybrid routing protocol (ZRP). Across these metrics, EHRP consistently outperforms ZRP, demonstrating superior performance and efficiency. The Enhanced Hybrid Routing Protocol (EHRP) exhibits better results in terms of normal routing load, higher throughput for data transmission and reception, improved packet delivery ratio, and lower average end-to-end delay. Overall, EHRP offers enhanced performance and effectiveness compared to the existing hybrid routing protocol (ZRP).

Wireless Body Area Routing Protocols Impact Analysis on Entity Mobility Models with Static Sink Node

The most important and emerging characteristic of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs), which differentiates them from other wired and wireless area networks, is mobility. Therefore, the routing protocols for WBAN are designed in such a way that they can deal with dynamic changes in topology and provide maximum throughput, packet delivery ratio, average end-to-end delay, and minimum energy consumption. Thus, achieving optimal values for every performance parameter becomes a big challenge. This work investigates the performance of three separate path discovery protocols, such as Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector Routing (DSDV), Ad Hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), and Ad Hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector Routing protocol (AOMDV), for two different mobility models with a fixed-positioned sink. During experimentation, the AOMDV routing protocol achieves a high packet delivery ratio (PDR), average end-to-end delay, and throughput as compared to other routing protocols.

A secured optimised AOMDV routing protocol in MANET using lightweight continuous multimodal biometric authentication

A secured optimised AOMDV routing protocol in MANET using lightweight continuous multimodal biometric authentication

Design an Improved Hybrid Routing Protocol Strategy to Minimize Delay & Overhead for MANET

Mobile adhoc networks (MANET) are a self-coordinated wireless network that is worked without perpetual foundation and base station endorsement. In MANETs (Mobile Ad Hoc Networks) every single node activity goes about as the information source and communicator router. It notices its useful neighbours by making themselves by passing the nodes that got terminated of that correspondence range. In this paper, we designed the IHRP routing protocol with the help of combining the AODV, AOMDV and OLSR routing protocol with the network situation based routing adaptation. In the previous analysis, we identify AODV is more compatible for dynamic environment (where node motion is higher).The AOMDV routing protocol is useful for network load balancing and congestion control. OLSR is compatible for stable network which use as maximum link stability base routing. While we are designing the IHRP routing protocol through of the above (AODV, AOMDV and OLSR) protocol .We handle the network behaviour with better performance in any situation. Initially the RREP are broadcasted to find out the route. The poll of routing, select based on the network situation. The proposed IHRP start with a RREQ packet is to search the distance from its origin to its objective node. The network motion is higher than AODV protocol handle the particular situation but in any situation, while the 70% network node are stable then the route selection and transferring of data with the help of an OLSR routing protocol. The propose IHRP routing protocol also handle the network load and control the network congestion through the AOMDV routing protocol. Our proposed protocol IHRP also works in a hybrid manner while the source and destination belong in longer range such as different cluster. At that time situation based routing was followed between the clusters. We saw in the result part the comparison of IHRP and ZRP routing protocol. Execution of the improved hybrid routing protocol (IHRP) is much better than hybrid routing protocol (ZRP). In case of Packet Delivery Ratio analysis for IHRP and ZRP, we clearly show that The Packet Delivery Ratio is 97.99% by IHRP and 79.49% by ZRP, so we can say that the performance of packet delivery ratio in Improved hybrid routing protocol (IHRP) is much better than ZRP, where Improved hybrid routing protocol (IHRP) and hybrid routing protocol (ZRP) both performed the conjunction of proactive and reactive routing protocol features therefore we can say that Packet Delivery Ratio is better in improved hybrid routing protocol (IHRP) as compare to hybrid routing protocol (ZRP).
 We clearly show that the Normal Routing Load analysis for IHRP and ZRP where Normal Routing Load is 0.11% by IHRP and 4.72 % by ZRP, so we can say that performance of Improved Hybrid Routing Protocol (IHRP) in case of a Normal Routing Load is much less than the Hybrid Routing Protocol (ZRP).
 In case of overall parameter matrix (Normal Routing Load, Throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio and Average End To End Delay) the performance of Improved Hybrid Routing Protocol (IHRP) is much better than existing Hybrid routing protocol (ZRP).

A Secure Cryptography Based Clustering Mechanism for Improving the Data Transmission in MANET

Providing security to the Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is one of the demanding and critical tasks in recent days, due to its dynamic nature. For this reason, the various routing protocols and security mechanisms are developed for the traditional networks. Nonetheless, it still lacks the limitation of increased computational complexity, inefficient security, reduced throughput, and increased delay. To solve these problems, this paper developed a new system, namely, Secure Cryptography based Clustering Mechanism (SCCM) for MANET. It comprised the following stages: secure routing, encryption, signature generation, signature verification, and decryption. After forming the network, the connection between the mobile nodes was formed. After that, the secured routing was created between the source and destination by implementing the AOMDV routing protocol. Then, the original packet was converted into an unknown format by employing an Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) encryption mechanism. Consequently, the signature for the encrypted packet was generated and forwarded to the destination via the Region Head (RH) and other gateway nodes. When the destination node received the packet, it performed the signature verification process for verifying whether the packet is valid or invalid. If it were valid, the receiver would accept the data and decrypt it by using the ECC decryption mechanism; otherwise, it would reject the packet and report to the base station. The simulation results evaluated the performance of the proposed security mechanism by using various measures and compared it with other techniques for proving the superiority.

Detection and Prevention of Blackhole Attack in the AOMDV Routing Protocol

Mobile ad-hoc network is a collection of dynamically organized nodes where each node acts as a host and router. Mobile ad-hoc networks are characterized by the lack of preexisting infrastructures or centralized administration. So, they are vulnerable to several types of attacks, especially the Blackhole attack. This attack is one of the most serious attacks in this kind of mobile networks. In this type of attack, the malicious node sends a false answer indicating that it has the shortest path to the destination node by increasing the sequence number and decreasing the number of hops. This will have a significant negative impact on source nodes which send their data packets through the malicious node to the destination. This malicious node drop received data packets and absorbs all network traffic. In order overcome this problem, securing routing protocols become a very important requirement in mobile ad-hoc networks. Multipath routing protocols are among the protocols affected by the Blackhole attack. In this paper, we propose an effective and efficient technique that avoids misbehavior of Blackhole nodes and facilitates the discovery for the most reliable paths for the secure transmission of data packets between communicating nodes in the well-known Ad hoc On-demand multi-path routing protocol (AOMDV). We implement and simulate our proposed technique using the ns 2.35 simulator. We also compared on how the three routing protocols AOMDV, AOMDV under Blackhole attack (BHAOMDV), and the proposed solution to counter the Blackhole attack (IDSAOMDV) performs. The results show the degradation on how AOMDV under attack performs, it also presents similarities between normal AOMDV and the proposed solution by isolating misbehaving node which has resulted in increase the performance metrics to the standard values of the AOMDV protocol.

A Queue Length Based Multipath Routing For MANET: A Stochastic Approach

Ad hoc networks use AODV and AOMDV routing protocols to find path from source to destination. But when number of mobile node in the network or movement velocity increases, AODV and AOMDV routing protocols are not efficient and cannot overcome well handle the dynamic complexity of the mobile network. Thus, we need a routing algorithm that has a low level of fault and transmit data packets safely to the destination. To have a good performance in this case, we use multipath routing to control the traffic congestion in the network. In this article, we purposed a new routing algorithm based on AOMDV routing protocol named AOMDV-AQ that caused congestion control and load balancing in the network. Of order to route traffic congestion into less crowded neighbors who are less congested, this technique employs the average queue length in each intermediary node. This random routing procedure increase throughput and decrease end-to-end delay of packets from source to destination because of the effect on congestion level of network traffic on bottleneck nodes. Finally, it improves the performance of network.

Performance Evaluation of OMDV and DSDV Routing Protocols with Video Streaming on the Wireless Mesh Network

<p>Video Streaming is a method to deliver multimedia content that allow files to be used or watched directly without the need to download and save it. Video streaming also include image processing, in image processing there is a component to compare the value of an image, that is PSNR. This research will compare the reactive and proactive routing protocol performance of AOMDV and DSDV using PSNR, Packetloss, and Throughput parameters in Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) for video streaming. The simulation uses 4, 16, 36, 64, and 100 nodes. The results of this research is AOMDV routing protocol with the greater variation in the number of nodes and the distance between nodes resulting in higher packet loss, decreasing throughput and decreasing values of PSNR. While in DSDV routing protocol with the greater variation in the number of nodes and distance between nodes has an impact on the increase of packetloss value, a very drastic decrease throughput value compared with the AOMDV routing protocol, a decrease in PSNR value and in some scenarios does not produce PSNR values. The comparison of PSNR values between the two routing protocols are also influenced by variations in the number of nodes and distances between nodes along with packetloss and throughput parameters. The greater packetloss will decrease the PSNR value generated.</p>

Penerapan Algoritma Semut pada Protokol Routing AOMDV untuk Optimasi Pencarian Rute di Jaringan VANET

VANET is a wireless network that is a derivative of the MANET network. VANET network is one network that can be used to communicate between one vehicle and another vehicle. With the existence of the VANET network, it is expected to be able to improve the safety of drivers on the highway. One of the uses of the AOMDV routing protocol is that it can be used to help the performance of the VANET network, the AOMDV routing protocol. AOMDV routing protocol in conducting route search there are two working mechanisms namely route discovery and route maintenance. The route selection process in the AOMDV routing protocol is to consider the number of hops contained in the AOMDV routing protocol, so that the possibility of a broken link, therefore the need for the application of the method in conducting this research. The ant algorithm is one method that can optimize the process of finding a route in the AOMDV routing protocol. The ant algorithm in carrying out the route search is by calculating the distance between nodes. In the ant algorithm, the route selection is based on the most powerful pheromones, so the route chosen is no longer based on the number of hops. From the results of trials that have been carried out on the AOMDV routing protocol using the ant algorithm can improve the performance of the test throughput parameters of 9.7649 Kbps and the performance of the Packet Delivery Ratio of 11.2838%. Whereas the average end to end delay parameter can reduce the delay by 13.3093ms

An Energy-Efficient SDN Controller Architecture for IoT Networks With Blockchain-Based Security

Internet of Things (IoT) is a disruptive technology in many aspects of our society, ranging from communications to financial transactions to national security (e.g., Internet of Battlefield / Military Things), and so on. There are long-standing challenges in IoT, such as security, comparability, energy consumption, and heterogeneity of devices. Security and energy aspects play important roles in data transmission across IoT and edge networks, due to limited energy and computing (e.g., processing and storage) resources of networked devices. Whether malicious or accidental, interference with data in an IoT network potentially has real-world consequences. In this article, we explore the potential of integrating blockchain and software-defined networking (SDN) in mitigating some of the challenges. Specifically, we propose a secure and energy-efficient blockchain-enabled architecture of SDN controllers for IoT networks using a cluster structure with a new routing protocol. The architecture uses public and private blockchains for Peer to Peer (P2P) communication between IoT devices and SDN controllers, which eliminates Proof-of-Work (POW), as well as using an efficient authentication method with the distributed trust, making the blockchain suitable for resource-constrained IoT devices. The experimental results indicate that the routing protocol based on the cluster structure has higher throughput, lower delay, and lower energy consumption than EESCFD, SMSN, AODV, AOMDV, and DSDV routing protocols. In other words, our proposed architecture is demonstrated to outperform classic blockchain.

The Reliability of Routing Protocols as an Important Factor for Road Safety Applications in VANET-based Autonomous Cars

The autonomous cars are considered as a tremendous disruptive innovation in the coming years. They enable a driving automation system to replace human drivers to control the vehicle with better recognition, decision and driving skills and ultimately enhance the road users’ experience and traffic safety. They can communicate with other cars as they are ready with the Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communication technology based on Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs). One of the objectives of V2V communication is for the safety of all road users. Adequate reliability of routing protocol is subject of concern and must be taken into account to reach an immense standard of road safety accurately and timely. Having no reliability the critical road safety messages will be useless; consequently, the accident that might happen is unable to prevent or avoid. The purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the quantitative measure of reliability. The reliabilities of a reactive single-path AODV and a multi-path AOMDV routing protocols that comply with road safety requirements in various traffic conditions are studied. The traffic conditions that may impact the internetworking of autonomous cars include node density, size of road area and speed of the nodes. The methods used in this study are based on simulations by using Network Simulator version-2 (NS2) as a network simulator and Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) as a mobility simulator. The simulation results show that both routing protocols, a single-path AODV and a multi-path AOMDV, satisfy the road safety requirements in some conditions. AODV is better in packet delivery, whereas AOMDV has a better performance on average end to end delay. This study is expected to contribute to the determination of the appropriate protocol for use in road safety applications under certain traffic conditions. In conclusion, the reliability of routing protocol is an essential factor to consider in the operation of VANET-based autonomous cars so that the safety and comfort of road users can be guaranteed.

ZBLE: Zone Based Efficient Energy Multipath Protocol for Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are groups of independent nodes where the nodes do not feel the need for any infrastructure or central administration mechanism. These notes are self configured and individual. The primary purpose of this type of network is to ensure network quality. Network communication needs to be efficient and effective to achieve this objective. This type of network is formed using dynamic topology. These nodes require batteries to operate. Due to the limited battery capacity and high mobility of wireless networks, nodes present in the network soon lose battery energy. It is extremely valuable to use battery power carefully. The energy strength of the nodes affects the performance of any network. Therefore this energy power should be used in such a way that energy consumption is minimized and the performance of the network can be improved. Through this paper, the performance of the network is improved using a zone-based mechanism, which has been created by modifying the AOMDV protocol, by improving power usage. That protocol Referred to “Zone-Based Leader Election Energy Constrained AOMDV Routing Protocol (ZBLE)”. This protocol makes a great impact on metrics such as energy consumption and network lifetime by using the energy power of nodes in a very efficient manner by selecting the best path from the multipath based on labels, node tracking, and power analysis. A comparison of this protocol is presented by analyzing the performance of the network using NS2.35 from traditional routing protocols i.e. AOMDV and AODV. The ZBLE protocol presents more reliable results from this analysis.

Efficient Multipath Routing to Increase QoS by Link Estimation and Minimum Interference path in MANET'S

Many significant techniques have been developed for real time transmission to meet stringent QoS for various applications of wireless sensor network. However routing in MANET’s still a challenging issue to achieve QoS due to frequent topology changes and its dynamic nature. For majority MANET applications, on demand multi path data routing protocols have been modelled to transfer data in multiple routes to prove its effectiveness on link disjoints and high packet delivery ratio. However due to mobility and underlying medium, multiple routes are exposed to interference and low power unstable link quality which are essential to guarantee QoS in routing. In this paper we propose link quality estimation and minimum path interference based on Geographic adhoc on demand multi path distance vector (GAOMDV) an adaptation of AOMDV routing protocol. To ensure the reliability of MANET’s this adaptation is done by considering routing metrics. GAOMDV selects forwarding neighbour nodes based on link quality and minimum path interference across multiple paths and ensures high stable links between nodes. Extensive simulation is carried on discrete event simulation tool and performance of GAOMDV is analysed in terms of network QoS parameters.

ZBLE: Zone based Leader Selection Energy Constrained AOMDV Routing Protocol

ZBLE: Zone based Leader Selection Energy Constrained AOMDV Routing Protocol

ZBLE: “Energy Efficient Zone-Based Leader Election Multipath Routing Protocol for MANETs”

Inside the paper, an analysis of the representation of a zone-based multipath routing technology called Zone-Based Leader Election Energy Constrained AOMDV Routing Protocol (ZBLE) for MANETs has been presented. The primary purpose of the MANETs is to make system communication effective and efficient so that the quality of the network can be ensured. Consumption of energy in the MANETs has extended been a larger problem since the past. Movable devices present into the wireless environment are dependent on batteries and cannot fulfill the power supply due to limited power capacity. To address this problem, we have used zone-based technology which is designed by modifying the AOMDV protocol. Inside here, the demonstration about a zone-based system for the wireless network has been analyzed which is called Zone-Based Leader Election Energy Constrained AOMDV Routing Protocol (ZBLE). It has been implemented for energy efficient communication based on energy label, node tracking, and power analysis. It is a zone-based technology that works in keeping with the energy of multipath routing in mind. ZBLE protocols prolong the network's life by reducing balanced energy consumption between nodes. This protocol is compared to the traditional route protocol i.e. AODV and AOMDV, in which it has been found that the ZBLE protocol presents better results.

Simulation Based Performance Evaluation of AOMDV Routing Protocol in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Using NS2

Due to the increased use of mobile devices with the high demand for applications such as CBR: Constant bit rate، most companies have tended to pay attention to Mobile Ad hoc Networks and search for solutions to the problems and obstacles encountered. The routing process of this type of networks was one of the solutions addressed: multi-path routing، which is used with on-demand protocols and the aim of this is to obtain efficient and fast retrieval of routes that failed in dynamic mobile networks because mobile nodes can randomly join or leave to/from the topology that may increase/decrease the node density and frequent link failures in the topology. As a result node density، traffic and transmission range effects the performance of the network. In this paper، a proposed multi-path routing protocol is AOMDV ad hoc on demand multi path distance vector routing protocol، which is the expansion of the AODV single path ad hoc on demand distance vector routing protocol.Therefore، In this paper، we has been studied AOMDV routing protocol which is a multipath routing protocol on the basis of Throughput، Delay، Packet-Loss and Jitter and evaluated the performance by varying pause time and varying maximum speed of the moving nodes and for 5،10،50 nodes.

A Multipath Routing Protocol with Load Balancing and Energy Constraining Based on AOMDV in Ad Hoc Network

With the flourish development of the fifth generation mobile communication (5G) and Internet of Things (IoT) research, as an important complementary form of 5G, Ad Hoc network has developed rapidly in the field of wireless communication. AOMDV routing protocol generates alternative multipath to shorten the time of routing reconstruction, thus reducing end-to-end delay. However, parameters such as node load and residual energy are not taken into account. Therefore, this paper designs a routing protocol based on load balancing with energy constraining, which selects nodes with lower queue length of MAC layer interface queue and higher residual energy to forward packets. The simulation results show that the performance of the improved protocol in terms of the number of energy exhausted node, average end-to-end delay and routing discovery frequency has been effectively improved.

Meningkatkan Efisiensi Rute Pada Protokol Routing AOMDV Menggunakan Metode PA-SHORT di Jaringan MANET

Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) is a development of the Ad-Hoc Network, where the nodes of this network have dynamic mobility. There are several types of routing protocols in MANET, one of which is AOMDV. Route discovery on the AOMDV routing protocol is done by calculating the distance based on the number of hops. If the number of hops increased, it may cause a considerable delay and a decrease in throughput. This study compares the performance of the AOMDV routing protocol with the Path Aware-AOMDV (PA-AOMDV) routing protocol. PA-AOMDV routing protocol is obtained through modifications to the performance of the AOMDV protocol with the Path Aware SHORT algorithm. The Path Aware SHORT algorithm is a method to reduce the number of hops. SHORT improves routing optimization by monitoring routes and optimizing these routes that have better paths. The performance of both protocols will be seen based on four parameters, namely throughput, average end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio, and routing overhead. Result shows that the throughput increased for 50 nodes is 61,84% and for 100 nodes is 45,2%, average end-to-end delay decreased for 50 nodes is 0,066% and for 100 nodes 0,12%, packet delivery ratio increased for 50 nodes is 60,87% and for 100 nodes 82,02%, and routing overhead decreased for 50 nodes is 67,07% and 100 nodes 45,36%.

Analisis Optimasi Kinerja Protokol Routing AODV dan AOMDV dengan Menggunakan Metode RFAP untuk Mencegah RREQ Flooding Attacks pada Jaringan MANET

One sector that greatly influences it is in terms of network security. This is due to the characteristics of the MANET network that are dynamic so that the MANET network is very easily disturbed by irresponsible parties. One of the attacks that can occur in MANET network is Route Request (RREQ) Flooding Attacks. In RREQ flooding attacks in the form of fake nodes that are outside the area of the network and broadcast RREQ to the destination node in the network, so that it meets the bandwidth capacity which results in a decrease in quality in determining the route of sending data or information to the destination node. To prevent the occurrence of RREQ flooding attacks, a prevention method for these attacks is required, namely the RREQ Flooding Attacks Prevention (RFAP). This method works by finding nodes that are likely to be malicious nodes then isolated from the network to be restored to normal nodes. This research will optimize the AODV and AOMDV routing protocols by adding RFAP prevention methods and knowing the performance of the two protocols in terms of throughput, average end-to-end delay and normalized routing load. Based on the results of the simulation, that the application of the method RFAP on AODV routing protocol can produce network quality is better than AOMDV protocol, both in terms of throughput, average end-to-end delay and normalized routing load.