1. Sabah Kalyoussef, DO 2. David Goldman, MD 1. Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, NY 1. 1. American Academy of Pediatrics 1. Pickering LK, 2. Baker CJ, 3. Long SS, 4. McMillan JA Giardiasis. American Academy of Pediatrics. In: Pickering LK, Baker CJ, Long SS, McMillan JA eds. Red Book: 2009 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 28th ed.Elk Grove Village, Ill: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2009:303–305 2. 1. Yoder JS, 2. Beach MJ Giardiasis Surveillance-United States, 2003–2005. Yoder JS, Beach MJ. MMWR Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep. 2007;56:11–18 [OpenUrl][1] 3. 1. Chandy E, 2. McCarthy J Evidence Behind the WHO Guidelines: Hospital Care for Children: What is the Most Appropriate Treatment for Giardiasis?Chandy E, McCarthy J. J Trop Pediatr. 2008;55:5–6 [OpenUrl][2][CrossRef][3][PubMed][4] 4. 1. Escobedo AA, 2. Almirall P, 3. Alfonso M, 4. et al Treatment of Intestinal Protozoan Infection in Children. Escobedo AA, Almirall P, Alfonso M, et al. Arch Dis Child. 2009;94:478–482 [OpenUrl][5][Abstract/FREE Full Text][6] 5. 1. Huang DB, 2. White AC An Updated Review on Cryptosporidium and Giardia. Huang DB, White AC. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2006;35:291–314 [OpenUrl][7][CrossRef][8][PubMed][9][Web of Science][10] 6. 1. Centers for Disease Control Giardiasis. Centers for Disease Control. DPDx Laboratory Identification of Parasites of Public Health Concern. http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/PDF_Files/MedLetter/Giardiasis.pdf 7. 1. Rossignol JF Cryptosporidium and Giardia: Treatment Options and Prospects for New Drugs. Rossignol JF. Exp Parasitol. 2009724. Epub ahead of print. DOI:10.1016/j.exppara.2009.07.005 Giardiasis is an infection of the small intestine caused by the flagellated protozoan Giardia intestinalis . Worldwide, giardiasis is the most common form of protozoan diarrhea. In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported 20,075 cases in 2005. Giardiasis typically affects travelers and hikers who drink untreated water that has been contaminated with stool from infected animals such as beavers, muskrats, and sheep. Widespread outbreaks also may occur from sewage contamination of water supplies. Unprotected anal sex also is a source of transmission. Among children, giardiasis is an important cause of outbreaks of diarrhea in child care centers from fecal-oral transmission. Less commonly, food-associated outbreaks may occur. The infectious form of G intestinalis is the cyst, which can survive for prolonged periods within the environment. Once ingested, excystation occurs in the small intestine, releasing trophozoites that attach to the epithelium through a ventral sucker. Encystation occurs during transit to the colon. Both trophozoites and cysts can be identified in the stool. Diarrhea occurs because of damage to epithelial cells. 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