Antimony Sulfide Research Articles

Covalent functionalization of Sb2S3 with poly(N-vinylcarbazole) for solid-state broadband laser protection.

An optimized complex multi-component nanomaterial system would help greatly enhance the optical limiting performance and applicability of 2D nanomaterials. By using antimony sulfide-[S-1-dodecyl-S'-(α,α'-dimethyl-α''-acetic acid)trithiocarbonate] (Sb2S3-DDAT) as a reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent, a highly soluble poly(N-vinylcarbazole)-covalently modified Sb2S3 (Sb2S3-PVK) was synthesized in situ and embedded into a non-optically active poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) matrix producing a PMMA-based film with good optical quality. In contrast to both the Sb2S3/PMMA and Sb2S3:PVK blends/PMMA films, the Sb2S3-PVK/PMMA film exhibits more superior optical limiting performance. After annealing in N2 at 200 °C for 30 minutes, the achieved nonlinear absorption coefficient and limiting threshold are changed from 411.79 cm GW-1 and 1.93 J cm-2 at 532 nm and 242.79 cm GW-1 and 4.17 J cm-2 at 1064 nm before annealing to 478.04 cm GW-1 and 1.70 J cm-2 at 532 nm and 520.92 cm GW-1 and 1.40 J cm-2 at 1064 nm after annealing, respectively. These advantages make Sb2S3-PVK one of the potential promising candidates for a broadband laser protector in both the visible and near-infrared ranges.

Structural, optical, and electrochemical characteristics of undoped and In3+-doped tin antimony sulfide thin films for device applications

Structural, optical, and electrochemical characteristics of undoped and In3+-doped tin antimony sulfide thin films for device applications

Design and Optimization of Copper Antimony Sulfide Thin Film Solar Cell

Design and Optimization of Copper Antimony Sulfide Thin Film Solar Cell

Improving the optoelectronic properties of single-crystalline antimony sulfide rods through simultaneous defect suppression and surface cleaning

Single-crystalline Sb2S3 rods were successfully used to fabricate high-performance photodetector after surface cleaning and defect suppression through post-annealing in H2/Ar atmosphere.

Negative-pressure sulfurization of antimony sulfide thin films for generating a record open-circuit voltage of 805 mV in solar cell applications

Herein, we developed a new sulfurization method to obtain S-rich Sb2S3, which passivated the internal deep-level defects of the film. Finally, a record open-circuit voltage of 805 mV was achieved, which is the highest value for Sb2S3 solar cells.

A Short Review on Cow Urine Therapy

Cow urine is a cure for all diseases, and the cow is a travelling pharmacy.e cow is most advantageous animal in terms of agreement mmunity and anti - aging. They recommended 10-25 millilitre of and known as mother of ayurveda.In general, urine possesses antibacterial properties. It functions as a crucial element.Cow have long been revered as divine creatures, both in religious and cultural context. In eastern culture they are also regards as mother's because they provide for entire families through a healthy diet through the provision of milk and related good like mother's milk. The vedas branch on medicine is called Ayurveda. Brahma vakya janardanam signifies that the vedao Vegas to be spoken from brahmas mouth. Everyone welfare is the goal. Consequently, it is known as aptopadesh, or support from close friends and family.cirrhosis of the liver is treated with daily dosage of 1-2 onces of cow urine. Additionally intended for are urine alone or mixed with honey and salt issue with the liver and others malignant jaundice is treated internally with antimony sulphide and cow urine. Goumutra with haritaki (termina) liachebula is effective for the treatment of kaphajshoth and pandu.

High-purity antimony sulfide condensate produced from heterogeneous antimony sulfide ore by directed volatilization in a vacuum ambient

Antimony sulfide production primarily depends on a single antimony sulfide ore. With the rapid depletion of high-quality antimony resources, antimony production capacity gradually declines, and supply is unstable. This paper proposes vacuum distillation as a technical method for preparing antimony sulfide from heterogeneous antimony sulfide ores. The volatilization rate of antimony sulfide was measured at 5 Pa pressure. Temperature and time effects on antimony sulfide enrichment were discussed. The results highlighted that the critical volatilization temperature of antimony sulfide was 923 K, and the volatilization rate was 8.28 × 10−4 g⋅cm−2⋅s−1. In the enrichment experiment, as the temperature increased from 773 K to 973 K, the volatilization ratio of antimony sulfide gradually increased from 9.36 % to 98.58 %, and the PbS phase was detected in the volatile at 973 K. The optimum enrichment conditions are 923 K and 60 min, with a volatilization ratio of 95 % and purity of 99.9 wt%. This method provides a scientific and technically feasible route for treating heterogeneous antimony sulfide ore, which can effectively alleviate the excessive reliance on single antimony sulfide ore in traditional smelting. In addition, it gives a new idea for the clean and efficient preparation of antimony sulfide.

NIR light-induced rapid self-healing hydrogel toward multifunctional applications in sensing

Flexible conductive hydrogels with self-healing ability have attracted great attention in the fields of wearable devices and healthcare monitoring due to their recoverability and sustainability. Herein, the application of inorganic antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) as photothermal agent is extended to the field of self-healing hydrogel for the first time. A near-infrared (NIR) light-induced rapid self-healing double-network conductive hydrogel (SPOH gel) via on-demand irradiation was fabricated by incorporating dopamine (DA)-modified polypyrrole (PPy) coated Sb2S3 nanorod (Sb2S3 @PPy-DA) into the polymer matrix of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/poly(N-(2-hydroxyethyl)acrylamide) (pHEAA) in a water-glycerol dispersion medium. The SPOH gel with adhesive and anti-freezing properties exhibited robust tensile strength (1.25 MPa), large elongation (620%), high interfacial toughness (251 J/m2), and outstanding sensitivity (GF = 4.97). The incorporation of Sb2S3 @PPy-DA for SPOH gel endowed high conductivity (2.26 S/m) and promoted rapid self-healing process under NIR light irradiation (within 90 s). Moreover, SPOH gel could be widely applied to various applications, including monitoring various human motions as strain sensor, detecting electrocardiogram signals as biopotential electrodes, and harvesting energy as self-powered device. The multifunctional SPOH gel with the integrated attractive capabilities of rapid self-reparability and real-time physiological signal detection, providing a promising route to develop wearable smart devices in motion monitoring, healthcare management, and energy harvesting applications.

Interfacial Engineering of High-Performance, Solution-Processed Sb2S3 Phototransistors.

Antimony sulfide, as a binary chalcogenide, has attracted great attention in the field of optoelectronics in recent years, particularly in photovoltaics, because of its striking merits such as earth elements abundance, excellent stability, chemical versatility, and solution processability. With the rapid development of fabrication techniques and device engineering, the device performance of Sb2S3 solar cells has experienced an unprecedented success. However, photodetectors based on Sb2S3 were barely reported, especially based on the transistor configuration. In this work, we prepared high quality Sb2S3 thin films via a sol-gel method, and Sb2S3 thin films were deposited on zinc-tin oxide based field-effect transistors. Furthermore, an additional electron transport layer was inserted between the Sb2S3 layers and the zinc-tin oxide channels and archived high-performance phototransistors with proper interfacial engineering. The optimized devices exhibited extremely high photosensitivity (106), low dark current (∼10 pA) and noise (∼11 fA Hz-1/2), high detectivity (1 × 1013 Jones), and superior device stability, indicating great potential for next generation solution-processed photodetectors.

Amorphous antimony sulfide nanoparticles construct multi-contact electron transport layers for efficient carbon-based all-inorganic CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) layers usually have been applied in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) as traditional electron transport layers (ETLs). However, it has some flaws such as charge recombination and low electron transport rate. Herein, we synthesize amorphous antimony sulfide nanoparticles (Sb2S3 NPs) with uniform distribution of elements and the particle size is about 20 nm by hot injection method, and the nanoparticles are ligand-exchanged with mercaptopropionic acid (MPA). After detailed concentration adjustment, the surface of TiO2 ETL is modified and a multi-contact ETL is prepared. Compared to the conventional TiO2 ETL, the multi-contact ETL exhibits better conductivity, which gives suppressed charge recombination and more effective charge transport at the ETL/perovskite interface. Moreover, the multi-contact ETL can assist to form high quality of CsPbI2Br films. At the same time, the best efficiency of the prepared carbon-based CsPbI2Br PSC achieves as high as 14.59 %, and it still can maintain the initial efficiency of about 96.4 % after continuously heating at 85 °C for 28 days under nitrogen condition.

A liquid medium annealing strategy for highly [041]/[141]-oriented planar antimony sulfide solar cells with 7.23% efficiency

Antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) is regarded as one of candidate materials for tandem top cells with silicon based solar cells due to its non-toxicity, appropriate bandgap, high absorption coefficient and good stability. However, restricted by the difficulty of carrier transportation caused by unfavorable orientations of Sb2S3, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is still relatively low. In this work, a new annealing method, called liquid medium annealing (LMA), is developed to versatilely regulate the orientation of Sb2S3 films by controlling the concentration of Se22--OAm. Compared with conventional vapor-assisted annealing, a highly [041]/[141] oriented Sb2S3 film with unique title angles can be skillfully prepared by LMA with top-down model, which facilitates the photo-induced carrier separation along (Sb4S6)n ribbon. Meanwhile, such a LMA tactic can effectively tailor the band alignment at back contact by raises the valence band maximum (VBM) of Sb2S3, and then reducing hole collection barrier. Finally, a high PCE of 7.23% is achieved and considered the first echelon in planar Sb2S3 solar cells.

Concurrent investigation of antimony chalcogenide (Sb2Se3 and Sb2S3)-based solar cells with a potential WS2 electron transport layer

Antimony (Sb) chalcogenides such as antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) and antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) have distinct properties to be used as absorber semiconductors for harnessing solar energy including high absorption coefficient, tunable bandgap, low toxicity, phase stability. The potentiality of Sb2Se3 and Sb2S3 as absorber material in Al/FTO/Sb2Se3(or Sb2S3)/Au heterojunction solar cells (HJSCs) with 2D tungsten disulfide (WS2) electron transport layer (ETL) layer has been investigated numerically using SCAPS-1D solar simulator. A systematic investigation of the impact of physical properties of each active material of Sb2Se3, Sb2S3, and WS2 on photovoltaic parameters including layer thickness, carrier doping concentration, bulk defect density, interface defect density, carrier generation, and recombination. This study emphasizes the exploration of causes of low performance of actual devices and demonstrates the individual variation in the open-circuit voltage (VOC), short-circuit current density (JSC), fill factor (FF), power conversion efficiency (PCE) and quantum efficiency (QE). Thereby, highly potential heterostructures of Al/FTO/WS2/absorber (Sb2Se3 or Sb2S3)/Au proposed, in which, the PCE over 28.20 and 26.60% obtained with VOC of 850 and 1230 mV, Jsc of 38.0 and 24.0 mA/cm2, and FF of 86.0 and 89.0% for Sb2Se3 and Sb2S3 absorber, respectively. These detailed findings revealed that the Sb-chalcogenide heterostructure with potential WS2 ETL can be used to realize the fabrication of feasible thin film solar cells and thus the design of high-efficiency high-current (HEHC) and high-efficiency high-voltage (HEHV) solar panels.

Effect of antimony concentration on optical, electrical and structural properties of copper antimony sulphide thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis technique

Effect of antimony concentration on optical, electrical and structural properties of copper antimony sulphide thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis technique

Sulfur-Vacancy Passivation via Selenium Doping in Sb2S3 Solar Cells: Density Functional Theory Analysis

Antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) has attracted great attention during the past few decades as a light-harvesting material for solar cells owing to its earth abundance and low toxicity. Meanwhile, various point defects limit the efficiency improvement below the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10%, especially for S vacancy defects with lower defect formation energy. However, recent experiments have reported that Se doping has suppressed the density of defects and improved photoelectric performance in Sb2S3 solar cells. We adopt the first principles to simulate defect formation energies, charge localization, phonon spectrum, and defect migration dynamics for Sb2S3 structures, indicating that Se doping contributes to increasing the formation energy and inhibiting the formation of the sulfur vacancy defect. Meanwhile, the addition of Se also reduces the overlap between vibrational configurations in initial and final states, suppresses nonradiative electron–hole recombination, prolongs the minority carrier lifetime, and decreases charge and energy losses in Sb2S3 solar cells. The results contribute to the atomistic understanding of the properties of sulfur-vacancy passivation via Se doping and afford the design of high-performance optoelectronic materials.

Tailoring Rational Crystal Orientation and Tunable Sulfur Vacancy on Metal‐Sulfides toward Advanced Ultrafast Ion‐Storage Capability

AbstractAttracted by high energy density and power density, metal‐sulfides anodes have promising application prospects in fast charging batteries. However, they still suffer from low electrical conductivity and sluggish electrochemical kinetics, resulting in poor fast charging capacity. Herein, spindle‐like antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) is rationally tailored with favorable (hk1) crystal orientation and rich S‐vacancies using a simple hydrothermal method, which improve electric conductivity significantly. Triggered by S‐vacancies lattice defects, SbOC interfacial bonds and S‐doped carbon layer are built successfully. Under their multiple‐controlling synergistic effects, electrochemical kinetics and reaction reversibility are promoted effectively. As expected, Sb2S3/HTAB@C show high average initial coulombic efficiency of 86.12%, and deliver 624.5 and 428.4 mAh g−1 after cycling 100 cycles at 10.0 and 30.0 A g−1 respectively in Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). Electrochemical kinetic analysis and theoretical calculations indicate that superior ultrafast charging capacity originates from quickened interfacial electron/ions transferring and alleviates electrochemical polarization. Ex situ technologies powerfully prove good stability of (hk1) orientation, SbOC bonds and S‐doped carbon layer. Notably, full LIBs of SS/H@C versus LiFePO4@C display 500.9 and 398.3 mAh g−1 at 5.0 and 10.0 A g−1, respectively. This study is anticipated to open avenue to develop advanced metal‐sulfides anodes for fast charging batteries.

Programmable Wavefront Control in the Visible Spectrum Using Low-Loss Chalcogenide Phase-Change Metasurfaces.

All-dielectric metasurfaces provide unique solutions for advanced wavefront manipulation of light with complete control of amplitude and phase at sub-wavelength scales. One limitation, however, for most of these devices is the lack of any post-fabrication tunability of their response. To break this limit, a promising approach is employing phase-change materials (PCMs), which provide fast, low energy, and non-volatile means to endow metasurfaces with a switching mechanism. In this regard, great advancements have been done in the mid-infrared and near-infrared spectrum using different chalcogenides. In the visible spectral range, however, very few devices have demonstrated full phase manipulation, high efficiencies, and reversible optical modulation. In this work, a programmable all-dielectric Huygens' metasurface made of antimony sulfide (Sb2 S3 ) PCM is experimentally demonstrated, a low loss and high-index material in the visible spectral range with a large contrast (≈0.5) between its amorphous and crystalline states. ≈2π phase modulation is shown with high associated transmittance and it is used to create programmable beam-steering devices. These novel chalcogenide PCM metasurfaces have the potential to emerge as a platform for next-generation spatial light modulators and to impact application areas such as programmable and adaptive flat optics, light detection and ranging (LiDAR), and many more.

Numerical simulation and optimization of physical properties for high efficiency CuSbS2 thin film solar cells

Here we present numerical modeling of copper antimony sulfide (CuSbS2) solar cells to analyze the impact of several interrelated physical parameters of the absorber layer and absorber/buffer interface such as bulk vs interface defect density, energy band gap vs electron affinity of CuSbS2, absorber thickness vs acceptor density together with device shunt vs series resistance on the device efficiency. A benchmark simulation of the experimental CuSbS2 solar cell is initially performed in SCAPS-1D (Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator in one dimension) environment considering a suitable defect model, which gave an efficiency of 3.19 % comparable to the experimental value. After the systematic optimization of different materials properties and interface defect density, the power conversion efficiency is increased up to 10.71 % with a remarkable upgrade in open circuit voltage, photocurrent, and fill factor. A detailed analysis of heterojunction features such as built-in potential, depletion width, diffusion length, and carrier recombination was performed to understand the impact of the aforementioned physical parameters on the performance of this solar cell. The present results give an important guideline to find out the shortcomings of CuSbS2 solar cells, which in turn help the researchers for designing and feasible fabrication of more efficient CAS solar cells.

Theoretical calculation and experimental study on the separation mechanism of PbS-Sb2S3

Jamesonite (Pb4FeSb6S14) is a complex antimony sulfide mineral and an important raw material for the extraction of lead and antimony. Under vacuum conditions, the internal interaction mechanism of PbS and Sb2S3 during thermal decomposition is unclear and difficult to separate. In order to explore the interaction mechanism between PbS and Sb2S3, the thermodynamic data of Pb-S and Sb-S systems were firstly calculated by thermodynamic calculation method, PbS and Sb2S3 cluster substances that may exist in the gas phase were obtained under the given temperature conditions. On this basis, ab initio molecular dynamics was used to calculate the mean square displacement and diffusion coefficient of PbS and Sb2S3 gas phase clusters. The vacuum distillation experiments of lead sulfide and antimony trisulfide confirmed the volatilization and diffusion of PbS and Sb2S3, and verified the theoretical calculation results. According to the experiment, the volatilization temperature of Sb2S3 is much lower than that of PbS. The theoretical calculation results are consistent with the experimental results, which indicates that the calculation of the diffusion properties of PbS and Sb2S3 gas phase clusters by molecular dynamics simulation is reliable. This is also an effective and simple method to predict whether the mixed melt of PbS and Sb2S3 can be separated, which provides theoretical guidance for the vacuum separation of PbS and Sb2S3.

Reactive Ion Etching Activating TiO2 Substrate for Planar Heterojunction Sb2S3 Solar Cells with 6.06% Efficiency

Antimony sulfide is a promising photovoltaic material for the top subcell of Si‐based tandem solar cells due to its suitable bandgap, high absorption coefficient, low cost, and environmentally friendly properties. However, the electron transport layer (ETL) of antimony sulfide solar cells is generally based on CdS, while narrow‐bandgap CdS (Eg = 2.4 eV) absorbs part of the short‐wavelength light causing spectral loss. Unfortunately, Sb2S3 films could not be deposited uniformly on TiO2 substrate by the hydrothermal method. For the first time, reactive ion etching (RIE) treatment to TiO2 surface is developed to activate it for later Sb2S3 deposition. Based on this strategy, the obtained Sb2S3 film is almost the same as that deposited on CdS, smooth, dense, and uniform. The optimal device efficiency can reach 6.06%, a top value among TiO2/Sb2S3 devices with a new record of short‐circuit current density (≈19.4 mA cm−2). The high efficiency on RIE‐treated TiO2 ETL is attributed to the high transparency of TiO2 and the high‐quality Sb2S3 thin film with suppressed recombination in the Sb2S3 bulk film and TiO2/Sb2S3 interface. This work proposes a simple and efficient strategy for deposition of high‐quality Sb2S3 thin films on inert substrates.

Achieving high-capacity and long-life K+ storage enabled by constructing yolk-shell Sb2S3@N, S-doped carbon nanorod anodes

As promising anode candidates for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs), antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) possesses high specific capacity but suffers from massive volume expansion and sluggish kinetics due to the large K+ insertion, resulting in inferior cycling and rate performance. To address these challenges, a yolk-shell structured Sb2S3 confined in N, S co-doped hollow carbon nanorod (YS-Sb2S3@NSC) working as a viable anode for PIBs is proposed. As directly verified by in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the buffer space between the Sb2S3 core and thin carbon shell can effectively accommodate the large expansion stress of Sb2S3 without cracking the shell and the carbon shell can accelerate electron transport and K+ diffusion, which plays a significant role in reinforcing the structural stability and facilitating charge transfer. As a result, the YS-Sb2S3@NSC electrode delivers a high reversible K+ storage capacity of 594.58 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and a long cycle life with a slight capacity degradation (0.01% per cycle) for 2000 cycles at 1 A g−1 while maintaining outstanding rate capability. Importantly, utilizing in in situ/ex situ microscopic and spectroscopic characterizations, the origins of performance enhancement and K+ storage mechanism of Sb2S3 were clearly elucidated. This work provides valuable insights into the rational design of high-performance and durable transition metal sulfides-based anodes for PIBs.